Ji'an (; formerly ) is a
county-level city
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a Administrative divisions of China#County level (3rd), county-level administrative divi ...
in the southwestern part of
Jilin
Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Prim ...
province, People's Republic of China. It is administered by the prefecture-level city of
Tonghua
Tonghua () is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It borders North Korea's Chagang Province to the south and southeast, Baishan to the east, Jilin City to the north, Liaoyuan to the northwest, an ...
and is the southernmost
county-level division
The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there a ...
in the province. Ji'an has an area of and a population of approximately 230,000. The city was given its current status in 1988. Ji'an is separated from
Manpo
Manpo () is a city of northwestern Chagang Province, North Korea. As of 2008, it had an estimated population of 116,760. It looks across the border to the city of Ji'an, Jilin province, China.
History
Manp'o was incorporated as a city in October ...
,
Chagang Province
Chagang Province (Chagangdo; ) is a province in North Korea; it is bordered by China's Jilin and Liaoning provinces to the north, Ryanggang and South Hamgyong to the east, South Pyongan to the south, and North Pyongan to the west. Chagang was ...
,
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...
by the
Yalu River
The Yalu River, known by Koreans as the Amrok River or Amnok River, is a river on the border between North Korea and China. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between ...
; it has an international border running .
[
]
History
Archaeological excavations in the Ji'an area have unearthed several Yemaek
Yemaek or Yamaek () was an ancient tribal group in the northern Korean Peninsula and Manchuria who are regarded by some scholars as the ancestors of modern Koreans. They had ancestral ties to various Korean kingdoms including Gojoseon, Buyeo, Go ...
sites along the Amnok River
The Yalu River, known by Koreans as the Amrok River or Amnok River, is a river on the border between North Korea and China. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the China–North Ko ...
and its tributary the Hunjiang Hunjiang may refer to:
* Hunjiang City, former name of Baishan, Jilin, China
*Hunjiang District, in Baishan, Jilin, China
*The Hun River, tributary of the Yalu River
The Yalu River, known by Koreans as the Amrok River or Amnok River, is a r ...
, which belong to the regional Neolithic
The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts ...
and Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids such ...
ages.
After the fall of Wiman Joseon
Wiman Joseon (194–108 BC) was a dynasty of Gojoseon. It began with Wiman's (Wei Man) seizure of the throne from Gija Joseon's King Jun and ended with the death of King Ugeo who was a grandson of Wiman. Apart from archaeological data, the ma ...
to the Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
in 108 BCE
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the or ...
, Ji'an was part of Goguryeo County
Gaogouli County (高句驪縣; Goguryeo County or Koguryo County in Korean) was a county under the administration of Xuantu Commandery located in southern Manchuria and the northern Korean peninsula.Barnes, Gina L. ''"State Formation in Korea"'', ...
under the administration of Xuantu Commandery
Xuantu Commandery (; ko, 현도군) was a commandery of the Chinese Han dynasty. It was one of Four Commanderies of Han, established in 107 BCE in the northern Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula, after the Han dynasty conquered ...
.[ In 3 CE, the second ruler of ]Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...
, King Yuri
King Yuri (38 BCE – 18 CE, r. 19 BCE – 18 CE) was the second ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the eldest son of the kingdom's founder Chumo the Holy. As with many other early Korean rulers, the e ...
, moved the state's capital to Gungnae
Gungnae (Korean) or Guonei (Mandarin) City was the capital of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, which was located in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. The perimeter of its outer fortress measures 2,686m.
It is located in present day Ji'an ...
(modern Ji'an) and established the mountain fortress Hwando
Hwando () is a mountain fortress of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, built to protect Goguryeo's second capital, Gungnae. It is located in present-day Ji'an city of the province of Jilin, China.
The fortress is located 2.5 km west of Ji'an ...
nearby to defend it.[ Hwando was sacked by Wei State in 244 CE during the ]Goguryeo–Wei War
The Goguryeo–Wei War was a series of invasions of Goguryeo from 244 to 245 launched by Cao Wei.
The invasions, a retaliation against a Goguryeo raid in 242, destroyed the Goguryeo capital of Hwando, sent its king fleeing, and broke the tributar ...
. In 342 CE, Hwando was destroyed and thousands of people captured by the Murong Xianbei, after which Goguryeo focussed on expanding south and east. In 427 CE, the eleventh ruler of Goguryeo, King Jangsu, moved the capital to Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, , ) is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 populatio ...
, which saw Gungnae relegated to subsidiary capital status.[
The ]Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom
The Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom is an UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes a number of archaeological sites currently in Ji'an, Jilin Province and Huanren, Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Goguryeo (or Kogury ...
, located in Ji'an and Huanren Manchu Autonomous County
Huanren Manchu Autonomous County (, Manchu: ; Mölendroff: huwanren manju beye dasangga siyan), formerly Huairen County (), is a county under the administration of Benxi City, in eastern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jil ...
, Liaoning, have been listed as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
. Ji'an is also dubbed as a "Little Jiangnan
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (; formerly romanized Kiang-nan, literally "South of the River" meaning "South of the Yangtze") is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, incl ...
" of Jilin due to its scenery.[
]
Geography and climate
Ji'an has a monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
-influenced humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer
* Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan
* Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
''Dwa''), with long, very cold winters, and very warm, humid summers. Monthly average temperatures range from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Though the annual total, at , is generous, precipitation is quite low during the winter and upwards of 60% of annual rainfall occurs from June through August. The frost-free period lasts around 150 days.
Gallery
File:Corner of Gungnae Fortress (GuoNei Fortress).JPG, Ruins of Gungnae city wall
File:Hwando Mountain Fortress Guard Tower.JPG, Remains of a guard tower in Hwando
File:View of ShanChengXia Nobility Cemetery.JPG, Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...
tombs near Hwando
Administrative divisions
Subdistricts:
* Tuanjie Subdistrict (), Liming Subdistrict (), Chengdong Subdistrict
Chengdong District () is one of four districts of the prefecture-level city of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, Northwest China.
Subdivisions
* Dongguan Street Subdistrict ()
* Qingzhen Alley Subdistrict ()
* Dazhong Street Subdistri ...
(), Tongsheng Subdistrict ()
Towns:
* Qingshi (), Qinghe (), Toudao (), Huadian (), Yulin (), Taishang (), Caiyuan (), Yangcha (), Dalu (), Renao ()
Townships:
*Taiwang Township Taiwang () may refer to:
*Taiwang, Jilin, a town in Ji'an, Jilin, China
*King Tai of Zhou or Taiwang of Zhou ( 12th century BC?), a leader of predynastic Zhou
See also
*Taiwan
*Taewang, Korean equivalent of "Taiwang"
{{disambiguation ...
(), Maxian Township (), Huangbai Township (), Taiping Township (), Tonggou Township (), Shuangcha Township (), Guoshuchang Township (), Liangshui Korean Ethnic Township ()
References
External links
Ji'an Government
{{Authority control
Cities in Jilin
China–North Korea border crossings