Helen of Zadar ( hr, Jelena) (died 8 October 976), also known as Helen the Glorious, was the
queen consort of the
Kingdom of Croatia, as the wife of King
Michael Krešimir II
Michael may refer to:
People
* Michael (given name), a given name
* Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael
Given name "Michael"
* Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian and ...
, from 946 to 969, a period which was marked by "peace, order and expeditious growth". She was the regent of Croatia after the death of her spouse during the minority of her son
Stephen Držislav of Croatia, and ruled from 969 until 976.
Life
She is said to have originated from the old patrician family
Madi Madi may refer to:
Places
* Madi, Chitwan, a municipality in Chitwan District in Nepal
* Madi Municipality, Sankhuwasabha, a municipality in Sankhuwasabha District in Nepal
* Madi Rural Municipality, Rolpa, a rural municipality in Rolpa Distr ...
from
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
. She married Michael Krešimir II, and became queen consort in 946.
She became the
queen dowager of Croatia after the death of her husband in 969. However, since her husband was succeeded by their son who was a minor, she also became the regent of Croatia on behalf of her son. As such, she ruled until her own death.
Regency
Queen Helen built the churches of
St Stephen and
St. Mary in
Solin
Solin (Latin and it, Salona; grc, Σαλώνα ) is a town in Dalmatia, Croatia. It is situated right northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.
Solin developed on the location of ancient city of ''Salona'', which was the ...
. The atrium of the St Stephen latter became the
Mausoleum of Croatian Kings and is preserved to the present day. Helen was also known by her subjects as "Mother of the Kingdom and protectress of orphans and widows". Jelena played a central role in uniting Croatian and
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
elements within the Kingdom thus laying the groundwork for her son,
Stephen Držislav, to assume sovereignty over the
Dalmatian thema (which was under nominal
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
rule).
Epitaph
Helen died in October 976 and is buried next to her husband in St Mary's. The royal inscription on her
sarcophagus was an
epitaph
An epitaph (; ) is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves be ...
discovered by
archaeologists. The epitaph, which shed light on the genealogy of early Croatian rulers, was discovered by Don
Frane Bulić
Frane Bulić (October 4, 1846 - July 29, 1934) was a Croatian priest, archaeologist, and historian.
Biography
Bulić was born in Vranjic (now part of Solin), and studied theology in Zadar and then classical philology and archeology in Vienn ...
on 28 August 1898. The epitaph also shows that older rulers, prior to her son Stephen Držislav, bore the title of kings. The English translation of the epitaph is:
In this grave rests Helen the Glorious, wife of King Michael, mother of King Stephen. She ruled/ brought peace to the Kingdom. On the 8th day of October 976 from the incarnation of Our Lord..... she was buried here. During her life as Queen she was also mother of orphans and protectress of widows. May those who look here say: God have mercy upon her soul.
References
External links
*http://members.tripod.com/royalcroatia/kresimir2.htm
{{DEFAULTSORT:Helen I, Queen Of Croatia
10th-century Croatian nobility
Croatian Roman Catholics
Year of birth missing
976 deaths
Burials at the Church of St. Mary, Solin
10th-century Croatian people
10th-century Croatian women
10th-century women rulers