Jedlesee (; sometimes spelled Jedlersee) is a suburb of
Floridsdorf
Floridsdorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Fluridsduaf'') is the 21st district of Vienna (german: 21. Bezirk, Floridsdorf), located in the northern part of the city and comprising seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Je ...
, the 21st
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
of Vienna. An independent community until 1894, it was joined along with Leopoldau, Donaufeld, Floridsdorf and Neu Jedlesdorf to the greater Floridsdorf municipality, becoming part of Vienna in 1904. Jedlesee is most notable for being the site of the estate of Countess
Anna Maria Erdődy
Countess Anna Maria (Marie) von Erdődy (8 September 1779 – 17 March 1837) was a Hungarian noblewoman and among the closest confidantes and friends of Ludwig van Beethoven. Dedicatee of four of the composer's late chamber works, she was instru ...
, close friend and patron of
Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
, who stayed there with her on numerous occasions between 1805 and 1818.
Alexander Wheelock Thayer
Alexander Wheelock Thayer (October 22, 1817 – July 15, 1897) was an American librarian and journalist who became the author of the first scholarly biography of Ludwig van Beethoven, still after many updatings regarded as a standard work of refer ...
, ''Thayer's Life of Beethoven'' (Hermann Deiters
Hermann Deiters (27 June 183311 May 1907) was a German writer about music, and educator. He is known for his writings about Ludwig van Beethoven, publishing the composer's first major biography as a translation of Alexander Wheelock Thayer's work ...
, Henry Edward Krehbiel, Hugo Riemann, Editors, G. Schirmer, Inc., New York, 1921).
History
Originally a farming and fishing settlement situated on the Danubian flood-plain, the village of Jedlesee was re-established by the
Franconians
Franconia (german: Franken, ; Franconian dialect: ''Franggn'' ; bar, Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: ''Fränkisch'').
The three administrative regions of Lower, Middle and Upper F ...
at the embarkation point of the
Marchfeld
The Marchfeld ('' Morava Field'') is the north area of the Vienna Basin which is a sedimentary basin between the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians.
History and location
This historical region is known from the Battle on the Marchfeld. It i ...
to
Nussdorf ferry crossing, after the victory of
Otto I
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Große, it, Ottone il Grande), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of He ...
over the
Magyars at the
battle of Lechfeld
The Battle of Lechfeld was a series of military engagements over the course of three days from 10–12 August 955 in which the Kingdom of Germany, led by King Otto I the Great, annihilated the Hungarian army led by ''Harka ''Bulcsú and the chi ...
. The place-name "Uotcinessevve" - ascribed to Jedlesee - is mentioned in a deed of gift of the diocese of
Passau, to which the area belonged, made by
Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich II
Henry II may refer to:
Kings
*Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154
*Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1324), reigned from 1285; king of Jerusalem in name only from 1291
*Henry II of Castile (1334–79), reigned 1366–67 and ...
to Bishop Berengar on 5 July 1014. From later times the names Utzinsee (c. 1120), Utzeinsee (1324) and Utzessee (1455) are known. The inhabitants of Jedlesee and their overlords gained prosperity through fishing and the passage of travellers to Vienna, but with the building of three bridges across the Danube arms in 1439, Jedlesee's fortunes declined through Vienna's own collection of tolls for the crossing and the rights thereto. Subject to repeated flood damage over the centuries, the village was rebuilt many times, gaining stability only after the
Vienna Danube regulation
The Vienna Danube regulation (german: Wiener Donauregulierung) refers to extensive flood-control engineering along the Danube river in Vienna, Austria during the last 150 years. The first major dams or levees were built during 1870-75. Ano ...
of 1870-75.
['Jedlesee' in Viennese history wiki (municipal site, in German).]
/ref>
In 1529 and again in 1683, Jedlesee was laid waste by the Turks. From 1533 the lords of Sinzendorf
The House of Sinzendorf (also: Sinzendorff) was a Bavarian-Austrian noble family with Upper Austrian origin (Sinzendorf in Nußbach), not to be confused with the Lower Austrian House of Zinzendorf. The family belonged to prestigious circle of hig ...
owned the village, but in 1575, after years of disputes over traffic rights, the brothers Friedrich and Tiburtius Counts Sinzendorf sold the entire site to Vienna's ''Brückenamt'' (bridge authority). From 1587, the name ''Jedlesee'', formed by a spoonerism
A spoonerism is an occurrence in speech in which corresponding consonants, vowels, or morphemes are switched (see metathesis) between two words in a phrase. These are named after the Oxford don and ordained minister William Archibald Spooner, w ...
, is heard for the first time. Between 1573 and 1642 Jedlesee was a sovereign fief, first mentioned by a local judge (Gerstl) in 1587.
During the Bocskai uprising, battles were fought with the cavalry of István Bocskai
Stephen Bocskai or Bocskay ( hu, Bocskai István; 1 January 155729 December 1606) was Prince of Transylvania and Hungary from 1605 to 1606. He was born to a Hungarian noble family. His father's estates were located in the eastern regions of th ...
, and in 1619 and 1645 with the Swedes during the Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battl ...
. In 1642 Andre Gurlandt bought the fief for 200 guilders as a free inheritance; 18 different owners followed him (among them Albert Lonqueval Count Bouquoy in 1696 and the personal physician of Maria Theresa, Anton Freiherr von Störck, in 1778), the last of whom sold the domain to Klosterneuburg Monastery
Klosterneuburg Abbey or Monastery (german: Stift Klosterneuburg) is a twelfth-century Augustinian monastery of the Roman Catholic Church located in the town of Klosterneuburg in Lower Austria. Overlooking the Danube, just north of the Vienna city ...
in 1841. In 1700 the Jedlesee manor house (founded c. 1650) was restored, and in 1712/1713 the Loretto Chapel (Jedlesee Church) was built.
Jedlesee's Aupark is one of the last natural green oases in Floridsdorf that remained after the regulation of the Danube. The O'Brien monument at the northern entrance of the park commemorates Major General Johann Freiherr von O'Brien, who succeeded in forcing a retreat of the French in 1809 with only a handful of Austrian soldiers, thereby achieving an important prerequisite for the victory of Archduke Charles
Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Laurentius of Austria, Duke of Teschen (german: link=no, Erzherzog Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third s ...
in the Battle of Aspern.
Geography
Jedlesee is a sub-district of Floridsdorf
Floridsdorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Fluridsduaf'') is the 21st district of Vienna (german: 21. Bezirk, Floridsdorf), located in the northern part of the city and comprising seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Je ...
, the 21st district of Vienna, which belonged to Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
until 1904. From the time of incorporation, an ever-faster development of agricultural villages resulted in the modern-day suburban settlement.
The old village of Jedlesee stood at the southwest end of the Marchfeld
The Marchfeld ('' Morava Field'') is the north area of the Vienna Basin which is a sedimentary basin between the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians.
History and location
This historical region is known from the Battle on the Marchfeld. It i ...
basin. It was built on a tributary of the Danube known as the "black lacquer" (''Schwarzen Lacke''), which is still recognizable today as a strip of meadow abutting the church and close to the Erdödy-Beethoven Memorial. This branch of the Danube was the most frequent cause of the periodic destruction of Jedlesee by a river which brought both flooding and ice impacts. With the Vienna Danube regulation
The Vienna Danube regulation (german: Wiener Donauregulierung) refers to extensive flood-control engineering along the Danube river in Vienna, Austria during the last 150 years. The first major dams or levees were built during 1870-75. Ano ...
, the "black lacquer" was separated from the river's main stream and filled in after the Second World War with rubble from bombed Viennese houses and industrial waste.
The "Black Lacquer" area north of the old arm of the Danube forms its own cadastral community
A cadastral community or cadastral municipality, is a cadastral subdivision of municipalities in the nations of Austria,Cadastral Template for Austria, web-pageCT-AT Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, ...
, which today is regarded as part of the Jedlesee sub-district. The Jedlesee cadastral communities (covering 144.97 ha) and the Schwarze Lackenau (518.62 ha) together extend over an area of 663.59 ha. 85.97 ha of Schwarze Lackenau are located in the Döbling
Döbling () is the 19th District in the city of Vienna, Austria (german: 19. Bezirk, Döbling, Doebling). It is located on the north end from the central districts, north of the districts Alsergrund and Währing. Döbling has some heavily populate ...
municipal district, 30 ha in the Brigittenau
Brigittenau () is the 20th district of Vienna (german: 20. Bezirk, Brigittenau). It is located north of the central districts, north of Leopoldstadt on the same island area between the Danube and the Danube Canal. Brigittenau is a heavily popul ...
district. However, these parts are water areas of the Danube. The "Black Lacquer" area also includes sections of the Danube Island
The Donauinsel (Danube Island) is a long, narrow artificial island in central Vienna, Austria, lying between the Danube river and the parallel excavated channel ''Neue Donau'' ("New Danube"). The island is in length, but is only wide. The Ne ...
and the Marchfeld canal.
To the north, Jedlesee borders the Lower Austrian communities of Klosterneuburg
Klosterneuburg (; frequently abbreviated as Kloburg by locals) is a town in Tulln District in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It has a population of about 27,500. The Klosterneuburg Monastery, which was established in 1114 and soon after gi ...
, Langenzersdorf
Langenzersdorf () is a town in the district of Korneuburg in Lower Austria, Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a ...
and the Floridsdorf sub-district of Strebersdorf. To the east lie the Floridsdorf suburbs of Greater Jedlersdorf and Floridsdorf. Toward the southeast Jedlesee abuts the Döbling
Döbling () is the 19th District in the city of Vienna, Austria (german: 19. Bezirk, Döbling, Doebling). It is located on the north end from the central districts, north of the districts Alsergrund and Währing. Döbling has some heavily populate ...
sub-districts Kahlenbergerdorf
Kahlenbergerdorf (Central Bavarian: ''Koinbeagaduaf'') was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden.
Geography Location
Kahlenbergerdorf l ...
and Nussdorf as well as the district of Brigittenau
Brigittenau () is the 20th district of Vienna (german: 20. Bezirk, Brigittenau). It is located north of the central districts, north of Leopoldstadt on the same island area between the Danube and the Danube Canal. Brigittenau is a heavily popul ...
.
Places of interest
Erdödy Estate and Beethoven Memorial
The Erdődy estate, built in 1795, the country residence of Countess Anna Maria Erdődy
Countess Anna Maria (Marie) von Erdődy (8 September 1779 – 17 March 1837) was a Hungarian noblewoman and among the closest confidantes and friends of Ludwig van Beethoven. Dedicatee of four of the composer's late chamber works, she was instru ...
in the former Augasse (now Jeneweingasse), became the site of frequent visits by the composer Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classic ...
. Repeated sojourns by Beethoven at the invitation of the Countess are documented in particular for the years 1815/16, including the organization of house music soirées under Beethoven's direction. It was thanks to the efforts of the music-loving Countess that Beethoven was eventually furnished by noble patrons with the economic means to make his permanent adoptive home in Vienna.
The friendship between Beethoven and Countess Erdödy also found expression in the composer's work: Beethoven dedicated several works to Anna Maria Erdödy, including the two piano trios Opus 70 (1808), the sonatas for cello and piano Opus 102 (1817) and the canon Happy New Year, WoO 176 (1819).
In 1863 the estate burned down partially, but the lower section including the old stairwell remained undamaged. A memorial plaque on the wall shows the water level of the great Danube flood of 1830. In a niche outside the house there is a statue of St. Florian with helmet, armour and sagum
The sagum was a garment of note generally worn by members of the Roman military during both the Republic and early Empire. Regarded symbolically as one of war by the same tradition which embraced the toga as a garment of peace,{{cite encycloped ...
, the left arm cradling a flag, with the right hand extinguishing the flames blowing from the windows of a house. In the garden is a statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created by the sculptor Würtinger after the original was destroyed in the Second World War.
From 1973, the estate became a cultural centre through the initiative of the "Association of Friends of the Beethoven Memorial Site in Floridsdorf" founded by Leopold Wech, where chamber music, domestic and folk music were cultivated and author evenings and lectures were held. Due to a change of ownership, the memorial had to close in 2013. A cooperative venture with the Floridsdorf
Floridsdorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Fluridsduaf'') is the 21st district of Vienna (german: 21. Bezirk, Floridsdorf), located in the northern part of the city and comprising seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Je ...
District Museum has made it possible for the association's events to be held there and for the exhibits of the memorial to continue to be accessible to the public.
Beethoven Way
Beethoven, who nearly always left Vienna to spend the hot summer months in the villages north of the city, had found various homes from home in Nussdorf, Grinzing
Grinzing () was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling, the 19th district of Vienna.
Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References).
Geography
Location
Grinzing lies in the northwest of Vienna and, with an ar ...
and Heiligenstadt, and through his acquaintance with Countess Erdödy received frequent invitations to come to her newly acquired Jedlesee estate. Beethoven, preferring not to take the long detour from Nussdorf via the Danube bridge over the Prater
The Prater () is a large public park in Leopoldstadt, Vienna, Austria. The Wurstelprater, an amusement park that is often simply called "Prater", lies in one corner of the Wiener Prater and includes the Wiener Riesenrad Ferris wheel.
Name
The ...
, decided on the shortest route, the crossing between Jedlesee and Nussdorf.
In memory of Beethoven's walks in Jedlesee, the ''Beethovenweg'' ("Beethoven Way" or "Beethoven Path") was opened on May 12, 2007. Along the way, sculptures designed by the artist Manfred Satke and produced by Josef Frantsits, four metres high, were erected in the shape of broken tuning forks
A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it agains ...
to memorialize Beethoven's hearing loss.
Stations on the Beethoven path include
* District Museum, Floridsdorf
* Karl-Seitz-Farm
* Beethoven Memorial
* Parish Church of Jedlesee, Mary Loretto Church
* O'Brien monument
* Danube Island Cherry Grove
Maria Loretto church
The parish and pilgrimage church of Jedlesee is a Roman Catholic church located at Lorettoplatz 1 in the 21st Viennese parish of Floridsdorf. The parish is located in the City Deanate 21 of the Vicariate of Vienna City, belonging to the Archdiocese of Vienna
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna ( la, Archidioecesis Viennensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Austria. It was erected as the Diocese of Vienna on 18 January 1469 out of the Diocese of Passau, and elevated to an archdio ...
. It is dedicated to St. Mary Loreto. The building is under a preservation order.[Archdiocese of Vienna - Maria Loretto parish.]
/ref>
By the 11th century there already existed a small chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas, followed by other chapels dedicated to St. Sebastian, St. John of Nepomuk and St. Three Kings. The core of the present church is the Maria Loretto Chapel, built in 1713 by Countess Antonia Renata of Bouguoy. It is modeled after the Italian site of Marian pilgrimage at Loreto. The area around Jedlesee and the Weinviertel
The ("wine quarter") or ("area below the ") is located in the northeast of Lower Austria.
In the east, the borders Slovakia at the March River. In the south, it borders and , its limits being the Wagram, the Danube and the . Its western nei ...
was part of the diocese of Passau until 1785. On 5 July 1769, Pope Clement XIV
Pope Clement XIV ( la, Clemens XIV; it, Clemente XIV; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in Sep ...
granted the Maria Loretto church a plenary indulgence
In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (, from , 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins". The ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'' describes an indulgence as "a remission before God of ...
for the annual feast of Mary's birth.
In 1779 the landowner Anton von Störck extended the chapel, making it the sanctuary of the church. In 1834 the church was elevated to a parish church and expanded again in 1877. The church received its tower in 1885 on the initiative of the priest Vinzenz Wenhart, who in 1873 laid out the current Jedlesee cemetery, the now abandoned one in Jeneweingasse having become too small.
In spite of additions that changed its original shape, the church, which was thoroughly renovated in 1936, has retained the character of a simple country church. In the vestibule are statues of St. Florian and St. Sebastian. The two side altarpieces, of Saints Peregrine Laziosi
Peregrine Laziosi (Pellegrino Latiosi; c. 1260 – 1 May 1345) is an Italian saint of the Servite Order (Friar Order Servants of Mary). He is the patron saint for persons suffering from cancer, AIDS, and other life-threatening illnesses.
Life
P ...
and Patrick Patrick may refer to:
* Patrick (given name), list of people and fictional characters with this name
* Patrick (surname), list of people with this name
People
* Saint Patrick (c. 385–c. 461), Christian saint
*Gilla Pátraic (died 1084), Patrick ...
, are by Franz Anton Maulbertsch
Franz Anton Maulbertsch (7 June 1724 – 8 August 1796) was an Austrian painter and engraver, one of the most renowned exponents of Rococo painting in the German and Hungarian regions.
Maulbertsch was born in Langenargen and studied in the Aca ...
.[; ] On the northern outer wall is a war memorial created by Adolf Weilguni with military insignia, a cross, laurel branches and inscriptions commemorating the fallen of the two world wars from Jedlesee, beside it another plaque commemorating the Capuchin priest Joachim Haspinger
Johann Simon Haspinger (28 October 1776 – 12 January 1858) was a Capuchin priest and a leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the French and Bavarian occupation forces during the Napoleonic War of the Fifth Coalition.
External links
Johann ...
, a companion of the Tyrolean freedom fighter Andreas Hofer
Andreas Hofer (22 November 1767 – 20 February 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover, who in 1809 became the leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the Napoleonic and Bavarian invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition. He was subs ...
, who worked temporarily as a chaplain at the church.
Coat of Arms
The Jedlesee coat of arms shows the Virgin Mary of Loretto with the infant Jesus in her arms against an argent field. The two sacred figures of the crest are shown wrapped in a golden cloak, decorated with pearl cords and crowns. On each side are two letters in red: M (for Maria) and L (for Loretto). Our Lady of Loretto is the patroness of the Jedlesee church, the coat of arms a replica of the local pilgrimage statue. The statue of Our Lady of Loretto can be seen in Jedlesee at the intersection of Anton-Bosch-Gasse with the corner of Wiener- / Michtner Gasse.
References
{{Authority control
Districts of Vienna
Floridsdorf
Ludwig van Beethoven