![Jean Ybarnégaray 1932](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Jean_Ybarn%C3%A9garay_1932.jpg)
Michel Albert Jean Joseph Ybarnégaray (; 16 October 1883 – 25 April 1956) was a French
Basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
politician and founder of the
International Federation of Basque Pelota
The International Federation of Basque Pelota ( es, Federación Internacional de Pelota Vasca (FIPV), eu, Euskal Pilotaren Nazioarteko Federakuntza) is the worldwide governing body for Basque pelota, recognized by the International Olympic Commit ...
.
Jean Ybarnegaray was born in
Uhart-Cize
Uhart-Cize () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre.
See also
*Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
The following is a list of the ...
,
Department of
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlanti ...
, then called ''Basses Pyrénées'', in the
Northern Basque Country
The French Basque Country, or Northern Basque Country ( eu, Iparralde (), french: Pays basque, es, País Vasco francés) is a region lying on the west of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Since 1 January 2017, it constitu ...
. He studied law at the
Sorbonne
Sorbonne may refer to:
* Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities.
*the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970)
*one of its components or linked institution, ...
and
Bordeaux University
The University of Bordeaux (French: ''Université de Bordeaux'') is a public university based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
It has several campuses in the cities and towns of Bordeaux, Dax, Gradignan, Périgueux, Pessac, and Ta ...
and practised as a lawyer. He was elected to the
Chamber of Deputies
The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.
Description
Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...
in April 1914.
On the outbreak of the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, he was recalled to service. He was wounded and discharged from the army with the
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
, returning to the Chamber of Deputies, where he criticised the
Nivelle Offensive
The Nivelle offensive (16 April – 9 May 1917) was a Franco-British operation on the Western Front in the First World War which was named after General Robert Nivelle, the commander-in-chief of the French metropolitan armies, who led the offensi ...
of 1917, the armistice of 1918 and the
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (french: Traité de Versailles; german: Versailler Vertrag, ) was the most important of the peace treaties of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June ...
.
A member of the
Republican Federation
The Republican Federation (french: Fédération républicaine, FR) was the largest conservative party during the French Third Republic, gathering together the progressive Orléanists rallied to the Republic.
Founded in November 1903, the party ...
, Ybarnegaray joined the
French Social Party
, logo = French Social Party emblem.svg
, leader1_title = President
, leader1_name = François de La Rocque
, foundation =
, dissolution =
, predecessor = Croix-de-Feu
, headquarters = Rue de Milan, P ...
of
François de La Rocque
François de La Rocque (; 6 October 1885 – 28 April 1946) was the leader of the French right-wing league the Croix de Feu from 1930 to 1936 before he formed the more moderate nationalist French Social Party (1936–1940), which has been d ...
in 1938. He served as
Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In o ...
in
Paul Reynaud
Paul Reynaud (; 15 October 1878 – 21 September 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany.
Reynaud opposed the Munich Agreement of ...
's government from 10 May 1940. On arrival of refugees from the
Basque
Basque may refer to:
* Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France
* Basque language, their language
Places
* Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France
* Basque Country (autonomous co ...
(1937) and Catalan fronts (1939) in the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
, Ybarnegaray took a hostile stance against the exiles, labeling them as "reds" and turned a cold shoulder to
Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism ( eu, eusko abertzaletasuna ; es, nacionalismo vasco; french: nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the poli ...
or any Basque political approach.
He served in the
Vichy
Vichy (, ; ; oc, Vichèi, link=no, ) is a city in the Allier Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais.
It is a Spa town, spa and resort town and in World ...
government, as Minister of State in the first government of Marshal
Philippe Pétain
Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), commonly known as Philippe Pétain (, ) or Marshal Pétain (french: Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World ...
and as
Minister for Veterans and the Family in the second Pétain government. He resigned his office on 6 September 1940.
Ybarnegaray had undertaken
French Resistance
The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...
activities, assisting escapees in crossing the
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to C ...
, for which he was arrested in 1943, and detained in
Plansee
Plansee is a lake in Reutte District, Tyrol, Austria, located at . Its surface is approximately 2.87 km² and its maximum depth is 78 metres.
It lies on Austrian Federal Highway B 179, which crosses the Ammersattel into Germany.
History
...
in the
state of Tyrol
Tyrol (; german: Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a state (''Land'') in western Austria. It comprises the Austrian part of the historical Princely County of Tyrol. It is a constituent part of the present-day Euroregion Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino (t ...
. Although he was sentenced after the war to losing civil rights, his Resistance activities resulted in the sentence being suspended.
He died in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
on 25 April 1956.
References
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ybarnegaray, Jean
1883 births
1956 deaths
People from Lower Navarre
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Republican Federation politicians
Republican Independents
French Social Party politicians
Government ministers of France
French Ministers of Veterans Affairs
Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
University of Paris alumni
University of Bordeaux alumni
French collaborators with Nazi Germany
Basque collaborators with Nazi Germany
French military personnel of World War I
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
People from the Northern Basque Country