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Jean Ruel (1474 – 24 September 1537), also known as Jean Ruelle or Ioannes Ruellius in its Latinised form, was a French physician and botanist noted for the 1536 publication in Paris of ''De Natura Stirpium'', a
''De Materia Medica''
of which he published a Latin translation in 1516. Ruel's three-volume ''De Natura Stirpium'', which was published without illustrations, was intended partly as a gloss to the ancient writers. In it he described in great detail not only the habit and habitat, but also the smell and taste of each plant, producing a list in French of a large number of plant names. Although some of his works were compilations or translations of previous authors, they represent the first attempt to popularise botany. His 1530 book ''Hippiatrika'' or ''Veterinariae medicinae'', commissioned by Francis I, is a Latin collation of all that was written in Greek of Veterinary Medicine. Ruel also produced anatomical fugitive sheets of a man and woman in 1539. These sheets were constructed of hinged layers which could be lifted so tha
internal human anatomy
was revealed. Ruell translated a large number of works into Latin, such as the last two volumes of Joannes Actuarius' ''De Methodo Medendi'', which he published under the title ''De Medicamentorum Compositione'' in 1539. After the death of Ruel's wife,
Digital edition
by the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
Renaissance Herbals
* 16th-century French botanists French scholars Herbalists 16th-century French physicians Academic staff of the University of Paris People from Soissons 16th-century French writers 16th-century male writers 1474 births 1537 deaths French male writers {{herbalist-stub
Jean Ruel (1474 – 24 September 1537), also known as Jean Ruelle or Ioannes Ruellius in its Latinised form, was a French physician and botanist noted for the 1536 publication in Paris of ''De Natura Stirpium'', a Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD ...
treatise on botany.
Ruel was born in Soissons
Soissons () is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital o ...
. He was self-taught in Greek and Latin, and studied medicine, graduating in 1508, or, according to other sources in 1502. In 1509 he became physician to Francis I, devoted himself at the same time to a study of botany and pharmacology. He was a professor at the University of Paris
, image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Coat of Arms
, latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
, motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin)
, mottoeng = Here and a ...
, and a large part of his academic career was given to an analysis of Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides ( grc-gre, Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης, ; 40–90 AD), “the father of pharmacognosy”, was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author of '' De materia medica'' (, On Medical Material) —a 5-vo ...
''De Materia Medica''
of which he published a Latin translation in 1516. Ruel's three-volume ''De Natura Stirpium'', which was published without illustrations, was intended partly as a gloss to the ancient writers. In it he described in great detail not only the habit and habitat, but also the smell and taste of each plant, producing a list in French of a large number of plant names. Although some of his works were compilations or translations of previous authors, they represent the first attempt to popularise botany. His 1530 book ''Hippiatrika'' or ''Veterinariae medicinae'', commissioned by Francis I, is a Latin collation of all that was written in Greek of Veterinary Medicine. Ruel also produced anatomical fugitive sheets of a man and woman in 1539. These sheets were constructed of hinged layers which could be lifted so tha
internal human anatomy
was revealed. Ruell translated a large number of works into Latin, such as the last two volumes of Joannes Actuarius' ''De Methodo Medendi'', which he published under the title ''De Medicamentorum Compositione'' in 1539. After the death of Ruel's wife,
Étienne de Poncher
Étienne de Poncher (1446–1524) was a French prelate and diplomat. After studying law he was early provided with a prebend, and became councillor at the parlement of Paris in 1485 and president of the Chambre des Enquêtes in 1498.
Elected bisho ...
the Bishop of Paris, appointed Ruel as canon at Notre Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris (; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to the ...
on 12 December 1526, enabling him to pursue his studies. Ruel died in Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
and was buried in Notre-Dame. Charles Plumier, the noted Marseilles botanist named the genus '' Ruellia'' in his honour.
In 1753, botanist Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...
published in his book Species Plantarum ''Ruellia'', a genus of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s commonly known as ''ruellias'' or ''wild petunias'', in the Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...
family and the name honours Jean Ruel.
Then in 1889, botanist C.B.Clarke
Charles Baron Clarke (17 June 1832 – 25 August 1906) was a British botanist. He was born at Andover, Hampshire, Andover, the eldest son of Turner Poulter Clarke. He was educated at King's College School, London, and at Trinity College, Cambrid ...
published '' Ruelliopsis'', a genus of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s from South Africa belonging to the family Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...
and whose name also honours Jean Ruel.
Works
* ''Roßartzney : zwey nützliche, sehr gute Bücher von mancherley Gebrechen der Roß unnd anderer arbeitsamen Thieren''. Ruel, Jean rsg. Gerlach, Nürmberg 157Digital edition
by the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
References
External links
Renaissance Herbals
* 16th-century French botanists French scholars Herbalists 16th-century French physicians Academic staff of the University of Paris People from Soissons 16th-century French writers 16th-century male writers 1474 births 1537 deaths French male writers {{herbalist-stub