Jean Marc Ela

Jean-Marc Ela (27 September 1936 – 26 December 2008) was a Cameroonian sociologist and theologian. Working variously as a diocesan priest and a professor, Ela was the author of many books on theology, philosophy, and social sciences in Africa. His most famous work, ''African Cry'' has been called the "soundest illustration" of the spirit of liberation theology in sub-Saharan Africa. His works are widely cited as exemplary of sub-Saharan African Christian theology for their focus on contextualisation and their emphasis on community-centered approaches to theology.

He was buried in his hometown of Ebolowa, Cameroon.

Biography

Jean-Marc Ela was born on 27 September 1936 in Ebolowa, in the African nation of Cameroon. The son of a middle-class family in southern Cameroon, Ela claimed that he first began to think of theology as a discipline that should be concerned with the local needs of believers while he was studying philosophy and theology in France at the University of Strasbourg in the 1960s. He studied sociology at the University of Strasbourg as well as at the University of Sorbonne.

However, it was during his sixteen-year experience as a missionary working among the Kirdi of northwestern Cameroon that he developed and articulated most of the arguments in ''African Cry'' and ''My Faith as an African''. He spent a great deal of his research and of his life beside Baba Simon, beloved minister to the Kirdis of the North Cameroon in Tokombéré. His thesis at Strausburg was on the image of the cross in Luther's theology.

Ela was unique in that as a sociologist, he brought a social-science critique to his theology. As a theologian, he proved unorthodox not only in embracing social sciences but also in his penchant for studying topics that tested the boundaries of Catholic orthodoxy. As a missionary, he earned the respect and love of his community in Tokombere. As a Professor, he was popular with students around the globe. He held professorships in Cameroon, Belgium, USA, Canada, Benin, France, and Congo, among other places.

A vocal critic of both ecclesiastical and political institutions, Ela entered voluntary exile in Quebec after the assassination of fellow Cameroonian priest Englebert Mveng in 1995. Ela resided in Montreal, where he served as a Professor of Sociology at the University of Laval at Montreal, from 1995 until his death 26 December 2008, in Vancouver.

Major works

For Jean-Marc Ela and his generation of postcolonial Christian intellectuals in Cameroon, achieving redemption and meaningful spirituality depended fundamentally on acknowledging the value of the everyday practices of pagan village life. This also provided a mechanism of vigilance against destructive external forces.

''African Cry'' and ''My Faith as an African'', Ela's two most famous works, serve as an indictments of the Catholic Church for holding to a model of faith that ignores the needs of African people, especially those in poor and rural communities. Through an analysis of selected sacraments, missionary structures, and biblical hermeneutics, Ela identified ways in which the Catholic tradition subordinates Africans to a position of dependence vis-a-vis White Europeans. He countered these instances of oppression with opportunities for liberation based on the argument that the Gospel advocates for the restoration of dignity to marginalised people.

According to Ela, the only way to restore dignity to African peoples is to allow them to transform Christian traditions into forms that are familiar and useful to Africans. He argued that the Eucharist should be served with local rather than imported products. He believed that African churches should be self-funded. He also believed that biblical interpretation should be guided by a "shade-tree theology", in which small groups of believers can gather together to interpret the Gospel in the light of their own particular circumstances.

Interspersed between his hard-hitting theological tones, Ela produced several volumes on social sciences in Africa. He was a science-minded researcher dedicated to opening a conceptual framework to encompass and address the knowledge and the needs of his countrymen. For example, he wrote in 2001 a guide emphatically explaining the imperative African researchers have to direct new research to meeting the basic needs of the population and not only to improve industrial productions. Similarly, in several books published between 1998 and 2007, he showed the place of Africa in the world of rational science, and the necessity of high quality scientific work. In a book published in 2007, he studied and tried to explain the inseparability of knowledge and power and the importance of this for the well-being of Africa.

Tribute

Jean-Marc Ela was enthroned ''Grand Prix de la mémoire'' of the GPLA 2018.Grands Prix des Associations Littéraires 2018 - Jean-Marc Ela honoré
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Bibliography

*1971 ''La plume et la pioche''. Yaoundé: Editions Clé.
*1980 ''Cri de l'homme Africain''. Paris: L'Harmattan. Translations in English (''African Cry'') and Dutch.
*1983 ''De l'assistance à la liberation. Les tâches actuelles de l'Eglise en milieu africain''. Paris: Centre Lebret. Translations in English and German.
*1982 ''Voici le temps des héritiers: Eglises d'Afrique et voies nouvelles''. Paris: Karthala. In collaboration with R. Luneau. Translation in Italian.
*1982 ''L'Afrique des villages''. Paris: Karthala.
*1983 ''La ville en Afrique noire''. Paris: Karthala.
*1985 ''Ma foi d'Africain''. Paris: Karthala. Translation in English (''My Faith as an African''), German, and Italian.
*1985 ''Restituer l'histoire aux sociétés africaines – Promouvoir les sciences sociales en Afrique noire'', Paris: L'Harmattan.
*1989 ''Cheikh Anta Diop ou l'honneur de penser''. Paris: L'Harmattan.
*1990 ''Quand l'Etat pénètre en brousse... Les ripostes paysannes à la crise''. Paris, Karthala.
*1992 ''Le message de Jean-Baptiste: De la conversion à la réforme dans les églises africaines''. Yaounde: Editions Clé.
*1994 ''Afrique: l'irruption des pauvres. Société contre ingérence, pouvoir et argent''. Paris: L'Harmattan.
*1994 ''Restituer l'histoire aux sociétés africaines. Promouvoir les sciences sociales en Afrique Noire''. Paris: L'Harmattan.
*1998 ''Innovations sociales et renaissance de l'Afrique noire. Les défis du "monde d'en-bas"''. Montreal/Paris: Harmattan/L'Harmattan.
*2000 ''Les Eglises face à la mondialisation: Quatre réflexions théologiques''. Brussels: Commission Justice et Paix.
*2001 ''Guide pédagogique de formation à la recherche''. Paris: L'Harmattan.
*2003 ''Repenser la théologie africaine: Le Dieu qui libère''. Paris: Karthala.
*2006 ''Travail et entreprise en Afrique: Les fondements sociaux de la réussite économique''. Paris: Karthala.
*2006 ''Fécondité et migrations africaines – Les nouveaux enjeux'', written with Anne-Sidonie Zoa, Paris: L'Harmattan.
*2007 ''L'Afrique à l'ère du savoir : science, société et pouvoir'', preface of Hubert Gérard, Paris, L’Harmattan.
*2007 ''Les cultures africaines dans le champ de la rationalité scientifique – Book II''. Paris: L'Harmattan.
*2007 ''La recherche africaine face au défit de l'excellence scientifique'', Paris: L'Harmattan.
*2007 ''Recherche scientifique et crise de la rationalité'', Paris: L'Harmattan.

See also

* Political theology in Sub-Saharan Africa

References

External links

"Theologie unter dem Baum. Jean-Marc Elas Ansatz einer kontextuellen afrikanischen Befreiungstheologie"Jean-Marc Ela in Kanada gestorben

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ela, Jean Marc
Cameroonian clergy
1936 births
2008 deaths
Cameroonian Roman Catholics
People from Ebolowa
World Christianity scholars
Christian theologians
Université Laval faculty
Liberation theologians