Jean-Étienne Marie (22 November 1917 – 25 December 1989) was a French composer of

contemporary music Contemporary classical music is classical music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 modern forms of post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial ...

. He is an important figure in the history and exploration of

Microtonal music Microtonal music or microtonality is the use in music of microtones—intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include any music using intervals not found in the customary Western tuning of tw ...

and electroacoustic.

Biography

Born in

Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados Pont-l'Évêque () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is known for Pont-l'Évêque cheese, a type of soft cheese, the oldest Normandy cheese in production. During World War II, the town was ...

, Marie studied at the

Conservatoire de Paris The Conservatoire de Paris (), also known as the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue ...

with Simone Plé-Caussade. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, he dedicated his life to music. He worked at the Radiodiffusion Française, where he was a specialist in broadcasting contemporary music festival. Marie was the disciple of

Olivier Messiaen Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (, ; ; 10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist who was one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is rhythmically complex; harmonically ...

and of

Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as ''The Group of Six''—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions ...

, but this is his meeting with microtonality pioneer

Julián Carrillo Julián Carrillo Trujillo (January 28, 1875 – September 9, 1965) was a Mexican composer,Camp, Roderic Ai (1995). "Carrillo (Flores), Nabor" on ''Mexican Political Biographies, 1935–1993: Third Edition'', p. 121. . conductor, violi ...

that was crucial in his musical work. He created le CIRM in 1968 in Paris and set it to Nice in 1978. In 1979 he created the

MANCA The manca (plural: ''mancae'') is the post- larval juvenile in some crustaceans. The manca stage is the defining characteristic of a clade called Mancoida which comprises all the member of the Peracarida except the Amphipoda. Mancae closely resem ...

Festival (Musiques actuelles Nice Côte-d'Azur).

Music

He dedicated most of his work to microtonal and to mixed music. His works and his theorisation in microtonal music were significant in the modern knowledge of European microtonal music. Like Julian Carrillo, he explored the potential of microtonal scales, either widespread (1/4 tone, 1/3rd tone, 1/6tone) or less known (1/7th tone, 1/5th tone). One of his techniques was to use polytempered music, that is to say music exploiting the simultaneous use of several different microtonal scales. This concept suggested by Carillo. In ''Tombeau de Carillo'' he exploited 1/2, 1/3rd, 1/5th and 1/6 tone scales simultaneously. He also tried to apply

serialism In music, serialism is a method of Musical composition, composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other elements of music, musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, thou ...

to these scales. In 1972 he wrote a serial and polytempered piece ''Ecce Ancilla Domini'', where he uses rows in 1/4, 1/5th and 1/6th tone.

Works

*DEUX POEMES DE PAUL ELUARD 1949 *SONATE POUR HAUTBOIS SOLO 1950 *PIECES VOCALES TROISIEME DIMANCHE DE CAREME 1951 *LES CHAUSSONS VERTS 1952 *UN GARCON, UNE FILLE, UN CHIEN ET DES ... 1953 *POESIES (Schéhadé) 1956 *POLYGRAPHIE POLYPHONIQUE n°1 1957-58 *PENTHATLE MONOGENIQUE 1958 *LA MUERTE DEL TORO 1959 *IMAGES THANAIQUES 1960-61 *LE CHRIST DANS LA CITE 1962 *EXPERIENCE AMBIGUE 1962 *POLYGRAPHIE POLYPHONIQUE n°2 1961-63 *ACOUSTIQUE PAR L'IMAGE 1965 *HOMMAGE A JULIAN CARRILLO 1965 *LE TOMBEAU DE CARRILLO 1966 *OBEDIENS USQUE AD MORTEM 1966 *NOCTURNE MARIN (O'Tamsi) 1967 *TLALOC I 1967 *APPEL AU TIERS-MONDE 1967-68 *LES CAVES DE L'ESPRIT (Nerval) 1968 *MIMODRAME 68 1969 *S 68 1969 *JOIE 1969 *BSN 240 1969 *CONCERTO MILIEU DIVIN 1969-70 *SAVONAROLE 1970 *ICH GLAUBE 1971 *TOMBEAU DE

Jean-Pierre Guézec Jean-Pierre Guézec (19 August 1934 – 9 March 1971) was a French composer. Life Born in Dijon, Guézec studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris with Darius Milhaud, Jean Rivier and Olivier Messiaen. He also worked with Iannis Xenakis. Hi ...

1971 *ECCE ANCILLA DOMINI 1972 *SYMPHONIES 1972 *LA PAROLE DE DIEU EST COMME UNE EPEE 1972 *UN FANAL POUR MES CANAUX 1972 *VOS LEURRES DE MESSE 1972 *EMETTEUR DE NORDHEIM 1973 *ITHOS 1974 *IN MANUS TUAS DOMINE 1975 *CRHEODE LAMBDA 1977 *COMPLIES A ST-THOME 1977 *QUAND ELIE L'ENTENDIT 1977 *TOMBEAU DE CESAIRE LEVILLAIN 1978 *CHREODE MU 1978 *LE CUIRASSE POTEMKINE 1978 *OBSERVER 01 1978 *OBSERVER n°5 1978 *OBSERVER n°6 1979 *TROIS ETUDES POUR DEUX PERCUSSIONISTES 1979 *FRACTAL FIGURAL III 1980 *GRAVURE POLYMORPHIQUE 1980 *HEPHAISTOS 1980 *TLALOC II 1980 *TROIS AFFICHES D'HOLGER MATTHIES 1980 *SOLDE POUR UN COMPTE DE NOEL 1981 *FRACTAL FIGURAL IV 1981 *IRRATIONNELLE HOMOTHETIE 1981 *AULOGRAPHIE 1981 *LE VIOLENT HARMONIEUX COMBAT 1981 *ESPACES DE REVES: I - REPETITION 1981 *JE SUIS ALLE A THOARA 1981-82 *LES BIJOUX DE CORNELIA 1982 *TOPIQUE TOPIAIRE 1982 *BIOT HERMES 1983 *BONJOUR MONSIEUR LIGETI 1983 *LIMONAIRE LITHOGRAPHE 1983 *DE L'AMBIGUITE ( Hommage à Evariste Galois ) 1983 *SYNFONIETTA 1983 *IMPROVISATION II 1983 *LIS ABEIHO FASIEN VIOULOUN DE SIS ALETO 1984 *SYLVIANA STORY 1984 *HOLZWEGE 1984 *LABYRINTHE 1985 *LIS ABEIHO FASIEN VIOULOUN DE SIS ALETO, version Ballet 1985 *SYLVIANA STORY version Ballet 1985 *IMPROVISATION III 1985 *TOMBEAU DU DOCTEUR DOUADY 1985 *MOBILE ALEATOIRE BACH 1986 *COJE 1986 *EN LIEU ET PLACE DE 1986 *PAPA, MAMAN, LA MUSIQUE ET MOI 1986 *ARMURES AUX DUITES ENCHAINEES 1987 *LES PIRATES AVALAIENT DES COULEUVRES 1987 *MARANA THA 1988 *TROIS POEMES SANS TEXTE 1988 *CONDORCET 1990

References

* Source
Jean-Étienne Marie, biographie (site du CIRM)
* ''MUSIQUES La mort de Jean-Étienne Marie Le compositeur Jean-Étienne Marie est décédé à Nice, le lundi 25 décembre. Il était âgé de soixante-douze ans'', Le Monde. Samedi 30 décembre 1989, p. 15. accédé le 7 octobre 2006. * Jean Étienne-Marie, ''L'homme musical'', Paris arthaud, 1976 {{DEFAULTSORT:Marie, Jean-Etienne 1917 births 1989 deaths 20th-century classical composers Conservatoire de Paris alumni French classical composers French male classical composers Microtonal composers Pupils of Darius Milhaud 20th-century French male musicians