![Paulin Guérin Self Portrait2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Paulin_Gu%C3%A9rin_Self_Portrait2.jpg)
Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin (25 March 1783, in
Toulon
Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is th ...
– 19 January 1855, in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
) was a French portrait and history painter.
Biography
He was born into a working-class family that moved to
Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Franc ...
when his father acquired a locksmithing business there in 1794. During his apprenticeship in that trade, he also studied drawing at a local school and displayed some talent for it.
Soon, he was spending all of his free time painting. During this time he befriended another aspiring painter,
Augustin Aubert, who he joined in Paris in 1802, financing the trip by selling works to a local Baron who was an amateur art enthusiast. After that point, he devoted himself exclusively to painting.
![Jean lannes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Jean_Lannes.jpg)
For a short time, he was employed as an assistant to
François Gérard
François Pascal Simon Gérard (, 4 May 1770 – 11 January 1837), titled as Baron Gérard in 1809, was a prominent French painter. He was born in Rome, where his father occupied a post in the house of the French ambassador, and his mother was It ...
while serving as an unpaid apprentice in the studios of
François-André Vincent
François-André Vincent (; 30 December 1746 – 4 August 1816) was a French neoclassical painter.
Biography
Vincent was born in Paris in 1746, the son of the miniaturist François-Elie Vincent. He studied under Joseph-Marie Vien and was ...
.
In Gérard's studio, he prepared the canvases by painting clothing, drapery and miscellaneous items. Most of his earnings were sent home to help support his family. After a time, he became bored with such tedious work and, in 1810, submitted some of his paintings to the
Salon
Salon may refer to:
Common meanings
* Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments
* French term for a drawing room, an architectural space in a home
* Salon (gathering), a meeting for learning or enjoyment
Arts and entertainment
* Salon (P ...
where they were generally well received.
Vivant Denon
Dominique Vivant, Baron Denon (4 January 1747 – 27 April 1825) was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. Denon was a diplomat for France under Louis XV and Louis XVI. He was appointed as the first Director of the Louvre ...
asked him to help decorate the ceiling at the
Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, f ...
, but the project was never finished due to the
Bourbon Restoration. After that, he helped to renovate the
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 19 ...
and restore the paintings there.
In 1817, he won a gold medal for "Jésus mort et la Mère des douleurs" (Jesus who Died and the Mother of Sorrows), created for the
Baltimore Basilica
The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, also called the Baltimore Basilica, was the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and was among the first major religious buildings construc ...
, the oldest major Catholic structure in the United States.
![Charles Nodier par Guerin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Charles_Nodier_par_Guerin.jpg)
In 1822 his tableau "Anchise et Vénus" attracted the attention of King
Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
, which earned him the
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
and, two years later, the honor of painting the King's portrait. In 1828, he was appointed the Director of drawing and painting at the
Maison d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur
The maisons d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur were the French secondary schools set up by Napoleon and originally meant for the education of girls whose father, grandfather or great-grandfather had been awarded the Légion d'honneur. Access is s ...
. He also gave private lessons. During the reign of King
Louis Philippe
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
, he continued to receive numerous public commissions.
A few months after his death, a major exhibition of his paintings was given at the
Exposition Universelle (1855)
The Exposition Universelle of 1855 was an International Exhibition held on the Champs-Élysées in Paris from 15 May to 15 November 1855. Its full official title was the Exposition Universelle des produits de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et des B ...
. Some of his works have been mistakenly attributed to
Pierre-Narcisse Guérin
Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin (13 March 1774 – 6 July 1833) was a French painter born in Paris.
Background
A pupil of Jean-Baptiste Regnault, he carried off one of the three ''grands prix'' offered in 1796, in consequence of the competition ...
or
, and vice versa. Neither of them were related to him.
References
Further reading
* André Alauzen and Laurent Noet, ''Dictionnaire des peintres et sculpteurs de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur'', Jeanne Laffitte, Marseille (2006)
External links
Paulin Guérin@ the
Base Joconde
À propos du portrait de Chateaubriand@ ''La Tribune de l'Art''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guerin, Jean-Baptiste
1783 births
1855 deaths
18th-century French painters
French male painters
19th-century French painters
Artists from Toulon
19th-century French male artists
18th-century French male artists