Jean-Baptiste Franque (

Villeneuve-lès-Avignon Villeneuve-lès-Avignon (; Provençal: ''Vilanòva d’Avinhon'') is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. It can also be spelled ''Villeneuve-lez-Avignon''. History In the 6th century the Benedictine abbey of St André was foun ...

, February 1, 1683 - Avignon, March 26, 1758) was a French

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

. He was the father of François II Franque and

Jean-Pierre Franque Jean-Pierre Franque (1774–1860), a French painter, was born at Le Buis. He studied under David together with his twin brother Joseph Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, al ...

, also architects, and therefore the father-in-law of the architect Esprit-Joseph Brun. __NOTOC__

Biography

Born in

, he was the son of a

master mason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

and took over his father's workshop before settling in Avignon, where he became an architect around 1715. He probably trained with the great Avignon architects of the previous generation,

Pierre II Mignard Pierre II Mignard (20 February 1640 – 10 April 1725) was a French architect and painter. He was the son of painter Nicolas Mignard and the younger brother of Paul Mignard, a portrait painter. Biography Pierre II Mignard was born and died in Av ...

and Jean Péru. Musée_Calvet

He worked under the supervision of two of his sons, François II and Jean-Pierre, mainly in the

south of France Southern France, also known as the South of France or colloquially in French as , is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', A ...

, from

Toulon Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is th ...

Carcassonne Carcassonne (, also , , ; ; la, Carcaso) is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, in the region of Occitanie. It is the prefecture of the department. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Carcassonne is located in the plain of the Au ...

, passing through Viviers where they made the vaults of the

cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominatio ...

. Jean-Baptiste remains the best known of this family of Avignon architects. Towards the 1740s, his personal works became difficult to distinguish from those carried out in collaboration with his sons. Thus, François, who had attended the French School in Rome and was a member of the Royal Academy of Architecture in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

, was the co-author of the palace of Villeneuve-Martignan (today's

Musée Calvet Mus or MUS may refer to: Abbreviations * MUS, the NATO country code for Mauritius * MUS, the IATA airport code for Minami Torishima Airport * MUS, abbreviation for the Centre for Modern Urban Studies on Campus The Hague, Leiden University, Neth ...

), the palace of Caumont, the church of Notre-Dame des Pommiers in Beaucaire and the central portal of the Saint Martha's hospital, which is now the seat of the

University of Avignon Avignon University ( French: ''Avignon Université''; formerly known as ''Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse'') is a public university located in Avignon, France. Avignon University is situated on two campuses: the Hannah Arendt Ca ...

. His younger brother Jean-Pierre, followed his father's local work and was still active during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...

. In Avignon you can admire the Saint-Charles chapel (created by Jean-Baptiste in collaboration with his son François), the

butchers A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat, or participate within any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishm ...

and fishmongers of the rue du Vieux-Sextier (with his son Jean-Pierre), a part of the Aumône Générale. In

Châteauneuf-du-Pape Châteauneuf-du-Pape (; Provençal: Castèu-Nòu-De-Papo) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. The village lies about to the east of the Rhône and north of the town of Avi ...

, it conceives the castle la Nerthe, historical place of the wine appellation; the castle was finished by François after his death. In Viviers, he realized the episcopal palace and the palaces de Roqueplane, de Beaulieu and de Tourville. At Beaucaire, he built the palace de Linage. He died in March 1758, but his work was continued, such as the facade of the church of Richerenches which is finished building in 1765 following his plans. Jean-Baptiste Franque marked the regional architecture, realizing the synthesis between the local tradition with Italian tendency, of which Jean Péru was the continuator, and the

French classicism 17th-century French literature was written throughout the ''Grand Siècle'' of France, spanning the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the F ...

, established in Avignon by

. Franque's domination and knowledge of

stereotomy ''Stereotomy'' is the ninth studio album by The Alan Parsons Project, released in 1985. Not as commercially successful as its predecessor '' Vulture Culture'', the album is structured differently from earlier Project albums: containing three ...

allowed him to cover a large number of works with daring vaults, with an inventive structure; he also tried to create suspended staircases, whose supporting structure were the steps themselves, but the technique would be perfected only half a century later by

Victor Louis Victor Louis (10 May 1731, Paris – 2 July 1800, Paris) was a French architect, disqualified on a technicality from winning the Prix de Rome in architecture in 1755. Life He was born Louis-Nicolas Louis in Paris. He did not adopt the name Vic ...

References

Bibliography

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Other projects

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External links

Généalogie des Franque

Les Franque
{{DEFAULTSORT:Franque, Jean-Baptiste 18th-century French architects 1683 births 1758 deaths