Jaya Harivarman I (? – 1167) was a

Cham Cham or CHAM may refer to: Ethnicities and languages *Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia **Cham language, the language of the Cham people ***Cham script ***Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script *Cham Albanian ...

noble and King of

Champa Champa (Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ; km, ចាម្ប៉ា; vi, Chiêm Thành or ) were a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is contemporary central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd cen ...

. Rising to power during the 12th Century

Khmer–Cham wars Khmer–Cham wars were a series of conflicts and contests between states of the Khmer Empire and Champa, later involving Đại Việt, that lasted from the mid-10th century to the early 13th century in mainland Southeast Asia. The first confli ...

, he spent much of his rule consolidating his control over Champa. He was succeeded by his son, Jaya Harivarman II.

Biography

During the early to mid 12th century, the Kingdom of Champa and Khmer Empire intermittently warred over territory and influence in Southeast Asia. In 1145, Khmer king

Suryavarman II Suryavarman II ( km, សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី២), posthumously named Paramavishnuloka, was a Khmer king from 1113 AD to 1145/1150 AD and the builder of Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world which he dedicated t ...

invaded Champa, occupied the capital city of

Vijaya Vijaya may refer to: Places * Vijaya (Champa), a city-state and former capital of the historic Champa in what is now Vietnam * Vijayawada, a city in Andhra Pradesh, India People * Prince Vijaya of Sri Lanka (fl. 543–505 BC), earliest recorde ...

, and deposed the Cham king,

Jaya Indravarman III Jaya Indravarman III ( 1106–1145, r. 1139–1145) was a king of Champa during the middle of the 12th century. Harivarman V was an heirless king, so he abdicated in 1129. His adopted son, Jaya Indravarman III, was nominated for the Crown Princ ...

.Golzio, Karl-Heinz. "New Perspectives on the Bayon?." ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' 159, no. 1 (2009): 71-80. The Khmer Empire also placed a puppet ruler, Harideva I, on the Cham throne and looted much of the country.Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,

ISBN The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. An ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and ...

9781842125847 p. 120 Following the invasion, many Chams rose in revolt against the Khmer-supported king. During the revolt, Harivarman, known as his formal name Sivänandana, a noble from

Panduranga Vithoba, also known as Vi(t)thal(a) and Panduranga, is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is generally considered as a manifestation of the god Vishnu, or his avatar Krishna. Vithoba is o ...

, became the de-facto leader of the rebel forces. In 1147, he defeated a Khmer army occupying Champa, forcing Suryavarman to send Khmer reinforcements to the kingdom; however, Suryavarman died between 1145 and 1150 (possibly while leading this second army in 1149), greatly weakening Khmer power in the region. In either 1149 or 1150, Harivarman and his forces defeated and killed Harideva I, with Harivarman being crowned as King Jaya Harivarman I soon after. As king, he forced the second Khmer expedition to retreat from Champa in 1150, though according to some sources the conflict against the Khmers continued until 1160. Following his ascension to the throne, Harivarman I spent much of his rule consolidating his control over Champa. Facing threats from the Vietnamese kingdom of

Đại Việt Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day ...

, he married his daughter to the Vietnamese ruler in 1152. In 1150 he defeated the combined army of Dai Viet lend troops and his rebelling brother-in-law Vamsaraja's forces at the Battle of Mỹ Sơn. In addition to his military campaigns, Harivarman refurbished the temple complex at

Po Nagar Po Nagar is a Cham temple tower founded sometime before 781 and located in the medieval principality of Kauthara, near modern Nha Trang in Vietnam. It is dedicated to Yan Po Nagar, the goddess of the country, who came to be identified with the ...

. In religious imagery, Harivarman depicted himself as an avatar of the semi-divine Cham ancestor Uroja, and claimed to be a reincarnation of four previous kings. Though he fought against the Khmer for many years, he hosted the future Khmer king

Jayavarman VII Jayavarman VII, posthumous name of Mahaparamasaugata ( km, ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧, c. 1122–1218), was king of the Khmer Empire. He was the son of King Dharanindravarman II (r. 1150–1160) and Queen Sri Jayarajacudamani. He was ...

while he was in exile. Harivarman's rule ended, due to death or disappearance, in either 1162 or 1167. He was succeeded by his son, Jaya Harivarman II, who was quickly overthrown. After a succession crisis, Jaya Indravarman IV assumed the throne of Champa.

References

{{Kings of Champa Cham rulers 1167 deaths 12th-century Vietnamese monarchs