{{Infobox OS , name = Java Card OpenPlatform , logo = , screenshot = , caption = , developer = IBM, > 2007 NXP , source_model = , kernel_type = , supported_platforms =

Java Card Java Card is a software technology that allows Java-based applications (applets) to be run securely on smart cards and more generally on similar secure small memory footprint deviceswhich are called “secure elements” (SE). Today, a Secure E ...

, ui = , family =

Embedded operating system An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems. Embedded operating systems are computer systems designed to increase functionality and reliability for achieving a specific task. Resource efficiency comes at the ...

s , released = , latest_release_version = JCOP 3.1 , latest_release_date = , latest_test_version = , latest_test_date = , marketing_target = Smart cards,

Secure Element A secure element (SE) is a secure operating system (OS) in a tamper-resistant processor chip or secure component. It can protect assets (root of trust, sensitive data, keys, certificates, applications) against high level software and hardware atta ...

s, USB

security token A security token is a peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource. The token is used in addition to or in place of a password. It acts like an electronic key to access something. Examples of security tokens inc ...

Telematics Telematics is an interdisciplinary field encompassing telecommunications, vehicular technologies (road transport, road safety, etc.), electrical engineering (sensors, instrumentation, wireless communications, etc.), and computer science (multimedia ...

, programmed_in = , prog_language =

, language = , updatemodel = , package_manager = , working_state = Current , license = , website

Java Card OpenPlatform (JCOP) is a smart card

operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also i ...

for the

platform developed by IBM Zürich Research Laboratory. On 31 January 2006 the development and support responsibilities transferred to the IBM Smart Card Technology team in Böblingen,

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

. Since July 2007 support and development activities for the JCOP operating system on NXP /

Philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, it has been mostly headquartered in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters i ...

silicon are serviced by NXP Semiconductors. The title originates from the standards it complies with: *

specifications * GlobalPlatform (formerly known as

Visa Inc Visa Inc. (; stylized as ''VISA'') is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded cr ...

OpenPlatform) specifications A Java Card JCOP has a Java Card Virtual Machine (JCVM) which allows it to run applications written in

Java programming language Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers ''write once, run anywh ...

History

First JC/OP Masks

Mask 0 : 1998 (spring) * First prototype on Atmel 8-bit uC – Flash memory, slow Mask 1 : 1998 * Siemens/

Infineon Infineon Technologies AG is a German semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1999, when the semiconductor operations of the former parent company Siemens AG were spun off. Infineon has about 50,280 employees and is one of the ten largest semicond ...

SLE66 IC –

Public key Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key. Key pairs are generated with cryptographic al ...

cryptography Mask 2 and 3 : 1999 *

Gemplus International Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, and managed services. It was formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus In ...

(now

Gemalto Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, and managed services. It was formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus ...

) licensed JC/OP * Base mask for GemXpresso product line * Public key generation * Visa OpenPlatform Mask 4 : 1999 * Contactless JC/OP on Philips

Mifare MIFARE is the NXP Semiconductors-owned trademark of a series of integrated circuit (IC) chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards. The brand name covers proprietary solutions based upon various levels of the ISO/IEC 14443 Type ...

Pro chip * 256 bytes RAM, 20 KB ROM and 8 KB EEPROM * Dual interface

JCOP01 and Cooperation with Philips

Mask 5 : 2000 * Philips P8WE smartcard microcontroller * ‘JCOP01’ is the foundation for all later versions * JCOP licensed by IBM * JCOP Tools for development Visa breakthrough program * To counter MasterCard’s

MULTOS MULTOS is a multi-application smart card operating system, that enables a smart card to carry a variety of applications, from chip and pin application for payment to on-card biometric matching for secure ID and ePassport. MULTOS is an open standar ...

* Cooperation between IBM (OS), Visa (OpenPlatform) and Philips (IC) * JCOP v1 owned by Visa JCOP v2 * Owned by IBM, sold by Philips * Philips SmartMX controller (SMX) JCOP v2.2 * GlobalPlatform 2.1.1 * Java Card 2.2.1 *

Elliptic Curve Cryptography Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys compared to non-EC cryptography (based on plain Galois fields) to provide ...

(ECC) F2M support * JCOP Tools Eclipse based

JCOP Transfer

JCOP v2.2.1 – JCOP v2.3.1 * Owned by IBM, sold by Philips/NXP * Development transferred to IBM in Böblingen, Germany * USB interface JCOP v2.3.2 * JCOP technology owned by IBM * Policy change at IBM * Source code license acquired by NXP Semiconductors * To serve customer requests and projects

JCOP by NXP

JCOP v2.4 * first NXP developed JCOP version * ECC GF(p) support * Java Card 2.2.2 JCOP v2.4.1 * ECC primitive calculation support (point addition and multiplication) * Common Criteria 5+ certification (CC) * EMV, Visa and MasterCard approved * NFC integration into PN65N combo chip: NFC and

JCOP v2.4.2 * additional algorithms to support eGovernment use cases, i.e. AES CMAC * CC 5+ * NFC integration into PN65O

JCOP 3

mobile

Smartcard controller SmartMX2, P61, flash based persistent memory JCOP 3.0 * NFC integration into PN65T * Java Card 3.0.1 classic edition * GlobalPlatform 2.2.1 * EMV platform certification JCOP 3.1 * NFC integration into PN66T

card

SMX2, P60, EEPROM based persistent memory JCOP 3.x (not released as of Dec 26, 2014)

Technical Overview

JCOP is an operating system for a security sensitive embedded system environment, smartcard or secure element controllers in particular. The functional architecture can be partitioned into three parts: * Java Card, for development of applications, i.e. API and structure of card applets similar to class files * GlobalPlatform, for administration of applications and operating system, i.e. loading and access control * JCOP proprietary features, mainly Java Card API extensions, i.e. ECC primitive calculation or

MIFARE MIFARE is the NXP Semiconductors-owned trademark of a series of integrated circuit (IC) chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards. The brand name covers proprietary solutions based upon various levels of the ISO/IEC 14443 Type ...

DESFIRE management NXP offers also MIFARE emulations for Classic and DESFIRE on the same chip as additional (native) operating systems. While JCOP is based on open standards, MIFARE technology is NXP specific. Java Card applets running in JCOP can then be used to manage the MIFARE memory through Java Card API. MIFARE Plus and MIFARE Ultralight are not (yet) supported.

GlobalPlatform

GP is a high-level standard with many options. As of JCOP 3, support for GP 2.2.1 was added, in particular to support mobile use cases JCOP 3 is fully Secure Element configuration compliant. GP 2.2.1 card specification, core * issuer centric or simple model * delegated management * authorized management * verification authority (GP 2.1.1 controlling authority) * Data Authentication Pattern (DAP) * Secure Channel Protocol 02 (SCP), pseudo random, C-MAC, C-ENC, R-MAC, R-ENC * all the privileges are supported Amendment A - Confidential Card Content Management (C3M) * see implementation details in UICC configuration and Amendment E Amendment C - Contactless Services * every protocol but

FeliCa FeliCa is a contactless Radio-frequency identification, RFID smart cards, smart card system from Sony in Japan, primarily used in electronic money cards. The name stands for ''Felicity Card''. First utilized in the Octopus card system in Hong Kong, ...

is supported * additionally MIFARE Classic and DESFIRE is supported * HCI notifications are supported Amendment D - Secure Channel Protocol 03 (AES) * only AES-128 * all options are supported (random) Amendment E - Security Upgrade * SHA-256 and EC-256 * C3M scenario #3 UICC configuration * scenarios #1, #2A and #2B * SCP 80 and 81 is not supported (ETSI) Secure Element configuration * JCOP 3 is fully compliant

Java Card

From the optional packages JCOP 3 does not support the javacardx.framework. From the crypto and signature classes, some algorithms are not supported, i.e. MD5 and EC F2M. The key lengths (amongst others) supported are AES-128, DES, 2DES3, 3DES3, EC up to 521 bit, RSA up to 2048 bit.

Communication Protocols

JCOP 3 supports ISO-7816, ISO-14443 type A and B (through SWP - NFC controller) and SWP/HCI. USB low speed was supported only on JCOP v2.3.1.

Extensions

JCOP 3 supports various extensions, i.e. MIFARE DESFIRE management support for MIFARE4Mobile. It is important to know that usage of extensions used in applets (not part of Java Card and GlobalPlatform specifications) makes this applications not portable to other Java Card and GlobalPlatform compliant operating systems.

JCOP Tools

JCOP Tools were initially developed by IBM. The first module was a command line tool called JCOP Shell or JCShell. The development tools is a plugin to Eclipse IDE. NXP has maintained JCOP Tools and extended it with a CryptoPlugin and new JCOP simulations. The tools are offered for

Windows Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for ser ...

macOS macOS (; previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a Unix operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and lapt ...

and

Linux Linux ( or ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, w ...

platforms.

JCShell

JCShell is a Java program, command line tool which also supports scripting. The JCShell scripting language is sophisticated to create test and verification scripts. JCShell has a plugin structure where existing base plugin (similar to Eclipse plugins) which supports the most basic on-card APDU commands such as raw send is extended with GlobalPlatform and crypto functionality. All the plugins are extendable by own functionality (in

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

). There is a standalone JCShell version without the need to install Eclipse and an Eclipse-based version embedded in form of a View in the Debug perspective of JCOP Tools plugin.11

External links

Java Card technology page at Oracle

Java Card Forum

JavaCard development tools
Smart cards Java platform Embedded operating systems