Jaroslav Hlava (7 May 1855 – 31 October 1924) was an anatomical pathologist. In 1879, he graduated from the Medical Faculty of

Charles University in Prague ) , image_name = Carolinum_Logo.svg , image_size = 200px , established = , type = Public, Ancient , budget = 8.9 billion CZK , rector = Milena Králíčková , faculty = 4,057 , administrative_staff = 4,026 , students = 51,438 , undergr ...

. In 1887, he became a full professor of

pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or Anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination o ...

. He was rector of Prague's General Hospital and director of the Czech Institute of Pathological Anatomy. He was a pioneer in

bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classificat ...

and studied the etiology of infectious diseases and

oncology Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an ''oncologist''. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (''� ...

. In 1887, Hlava authored a widely cited article entitled ''About

Dysentery Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications ...

''. Due to a translation error, the article was attributed to O. Uplavici in English publications until 1938. The name of author was written in small characters, and the translator mistook ''O ÚPLAVICI'' (''About dysentery'' in

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places * Czech, ...

) for the name of the author and ''PŘEDBĚŽNÁ ZPRÁVA'' (preliminary report) for ''About Dysentery''. The mistake was corrected in 1939 by English biologist

Clifford Dobell Cecil Clifford Dobell FRS (22 February 1886, Birkenhead – 23 December 1949, London) was a biologist, specifically a protozoologist. He studied intestinal amoebae, and algae. He was a leading authority on the history of protistology. 1910–19 ...

, writing about the history of this mistake in the article "Dr. O. Uplavici (1887–1938)".

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* (General article about mistakes in citation, with "O. Uplavici" as an example on page 3.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Hlava, Jaroslav 1855 births 1924 deaths Pathologists from Austria-Hungary Czechoslovak physicians Charles University alumni Academic staff of Charles University