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A jar is a rigid, cylindrical or slightly conical container, typically made of glass, ceramic, or plastic, with a wide mouth or opening that can be closed with a lid, screw cap, lug cap, cork stopper, roll-on cap, crimp-on cap, press-on cap, plastic shrink, heat sealed lidding film, an inner seal, a tamper-evident band, or other suitable means.


Etymology

The English word "jar" originates from the Arabic word ''jarra'', which means an earthen pot or vessel.


Creation

Jars are sterilised by putting them in a pressure cooker with boiling water or an
oven upA double oven A ceramic oven An oven is a tool which is used to expose materials to a hot environment. Ovens contain a hollow chamber and provide a means of heating the chamber in a controlled way. In use since antiquity, they have been us ...
for a number of minutes. Glass jars are considered
microwavable A microwave oven (commonly referred to as a microwave) is an electric oven that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce t ...
.


Utility

Jars can be used to hold solids too large to be removed from, or
liquid A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, a ...
s too viscous to be poured through a bottle's neck; these may be
food Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is inge ...
s, cosmetics, medications, or chemicals. Glass jars—among which the most popular is the mason jar—can be used for storing and preserving items as diverse as jam, pickled gherkin, other pickles, marmalade, sun-dried tomatoes,
olive The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' ...
s, jalapeño peppers, chutneys, pickled eggs,
honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...
, and many others.


Types

* Bell jar - typically used in scientific laboratories to produce a vacuum; also used in Victorian times for display purposes * Cookie jar - typically ceramic or glass, common in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom * Killing jar - used to kill captured insects * Leyden jar - a historical electrical capacitor * Specimen jar - an instrument used in anatomy to preserve specimens *
Apothecary jar A medicinal jar, drug jar, or apothecary jar is a jar used to contain medicines. Ceramic medicinal jars originated in the Islamic world and were brought to Europe where the production of jars flourished from the Middle Ages onward. Potteries were es ...
- historically for storage of medicines; made of ceramics or more typically in modern centuries, clear glass. Typically cylindrical or with rotationally symmetric decorative curves, sometimes with a glass disc foot separated from the main body. Modern glass versions are also used for artistic display of the contents. Modern glass food storage jars come in a variety of shapes, all of which have a circular opening on top for screwing on a lid: * Economy round or wide mouth jars - tall but rotund cylinder slightly rounded at the top and bottom, relatively wide with a wide mouth, commonly used for sauces like a mayonnaise * Paragon jars - tall and narrow cylinder, commonly used for pickled foods like olives * French square or Victorian jars - roughly a small cube * Spice jars - small cylinder or rectangular cuboid * Hexagon or hex jars -
regular hexagonal prism In geometry, the hexagonal prism is a prism with hexagonal base. Prisms are polyhedrons; this polyhedron has 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12 vertices.. Since it has 8 faces, it is an octahedron. However, the term ''octahedron'' is primarily used to ...
* Mason jars - moderately tall cylinder typically used in home canning, sealed with a metal lid * Kilner jar - similar to a Mason jar but sealed with rubber * Straight-sided jars - cylinders with no neck. Squat straight-sided jars are suitable for creams which can be scooped out. Ancient ceramic types include: *
Amphora An amphora (; grc, ἀμφορεύς, ''amphoreús''; English plural: amphorae or amphoras) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storag ...
- large, but typically holding under 50 L *
Pithos Pithos (, grc-gre, πίθος, plural: ' ) is the Greek name of a large storage container. The term in English is applied to such containers used among the civilizations that bordered the Mediterranean Sea in the Neolithic, the Bronze Age and ...
- very large, typically the size of a person and holding hundreds of liters


Gallery

File:PreservedFood1.jpg, Preserved food in Mason jars File:Jam jar.jpg, Reusable jam jar with flip-top or bail closure File:Jar made of PLA-Blend Bio-Flex.jpg, Jar made of PLA-blend bio-flex, a bioplastic File:CandyJaracp.png, Candy jar File:HK Central Kai Bo Foods Buddy's 花生醬 Peanut creamy Butter Skippy April-2012.JPG, Peanut butter File:Orzas in Spain.jpg, Six types of "earthenware jar" in Spain File:Brown-glazed Jar with Design of Three Fish. Yuan Dynasty. Excavated from Hancheng City.jpg, Brown-glazed jar with design of three fish. Yuan Dynasty. File:Jar with pump dispenser.jpg, PP jar of skin cream with pump dispenser


Recycling

Some regions n what country?/sup> have a legally mandated deposit refundable upon return of the jar to its retailer, after which the jar is recycled according to the SPI
recycling code Recycling codes are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easier recycling process. The presence on an item of a recycling code, a chasing arrows logo, or a resin code, is not an automatic indicator that a m ...
for the material.Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002,


See also

*
Canning Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although u ...
* Home canning * Child-resistant packaging * Hu (vessel) *
Jar opener A jar opener is a kitchen device which is used to open glass jars. A jar is sealed by either (a) a screw-off rubberised lid or (b) a lid placed on the opening of the jar with a rubber sealing-ring between. Screw-off lids are usually made of ...
* Tamper-evident * Tamper resistant * The asterism Water Jar in the constellation Aquarius


References


External links

* * {{packaging Storage vessels Glass jars ja:瓶