Japanese Destroyer Murakumo (1898)

was the lead ship of six s, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. ''Murakumo'' took part in the Japanese response to the Boxer Rebellion (1900), saw action in several major engagements during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), and served during (1914–1918).

Construction and commissioning

Authorized under the 1896 naval program,日本海軍史』第7巻 ("History of the Japanese Navy, Vol. 7") (in Japanese), pp. 285–286. ''Murakumo'' was laid down on 1 October 1897 by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Chiswick, England, as ''Torpedo Boat Destroyer No. 4''. On 16 March 1898, she was named ''Murakumo''. When the Imperial Japanese Navy established its Naval Warship and Torpedo Boat Classification Standards on 21 March 1898, she was classified as a torpedo boat destroyer. Launched on 16 November 1898, she was completed on 29 December 1898 and commissioned the same day.

Service history

''Murakumo'' completed her delivery voyage from England to Japan on 23 April 1899 with her arrival at Yokosuka. On 30 April 1900 she participated in a large naval review held off Kobe, Japan, where she was placed in the fourth row. On 22 June 1900, the Imperial Japanese Navy established its Naval Vessel Classification Standard, abolishing the classification of "torpedo boat destroyer" and establishing the classification of "destroyer" as a type of warship, and under the new classification scheme ''Murakumo'' was classified as a destroyer. Also as of 22 June 1900, she was assigned to the Sasebo Naval District and incorporated into the Standing Fleet. During 1900, she took part in the Japanese intervention in the Boxer Rebellion in China. On 10 April 1903, she participated in a large naval review held off Kobe and was placed in the third row.

When the Russo-Japanese War broke out in February 1904, ''Murakumo'' was part of the 5th Destroyer Division of the 2nd Fleet.聯合艦隊軍艦銘銘伝』普及版、268頁 ("United Fleet ''Gunkan Meiden'' popular version page 268") (in Japanese). During the war, she took part in the Battle of Port Arthur in February 1904, the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904, and the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. During the Battle of Tsushima, ''Murakumo'' could not get into position for a torpedo attack against the Russian fleet during the night of 27–28 May 1905, but while steaming to a rendezvous on the morning of 28 May she came across the Japanese protected cruisers and as they pursued the damaged Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser , which was attempting to escape northward under escort by the destroyer after the fleet action of the previous day. Keeping ahead of the Japanese cruisers, ''Murakumo'' kept ''Buistri'' from interfering with them until ''Svetlana'' ceased fire and went dead in the water after suffering additional damage.Corbett, Vol. II, p. 323. While ''Otowa'' finished off ''Svetlana'', ''Buistri'' fled with ''Murakumo'' and ''Niitaka'' in hot pursuit. The chase culminated late in the morning in ''Buistri''′s crew running her aground on the coast of the Korean Peninsula, partially blowing her up, and then surrendering to local authorities. ''Murakumo'' also took part in the Japanese invasion of Sakhalin in July 1905. After the war, she participated in a triumphant naval review held off Yokohama, Japan, on 23 October 1905 and was placed in the fourth row.

On 18 November 1908, ''Murakumo'' participated as a ship in the sixth row of a large-scale naval review off Kobe. On 28 August 1912, the Imperial Japanese Navy revised its ship classification standards. It established three categories of destroyers, with those of 1,000 displacement tons or more defined as first-class destroyers, those of 600 to 999 displacement tons as second-class destroyers, and those of 599 or fewer displacement tons as third-class destroyers. Under this classification scheme, ''Murakumo'' became a third-class destroyer.

After Japan entered World War I in August 1914, ''Murakumo'' operated off Tsingtao, China, in support of the Siege of Tsingtao. Later that year, she took part in the Japanese seizure of the German Empire′s colonial possessions in the Caroline, Mariana, and Marshall Islands.

''Murakumo'' was stricken from the navy list on 1 April 1919, designated as a "miscellaneous vessel" for use as a submarine tender and minesweeper, and renamed ''Murakumo Maru''. On 1 July 1920, she was reclassified as a "special duty vessel" for use as a second-class minesweeper and renamed ''Murakumo''. On 1 April 1922, she was reclassified as a "utility vessel" for use as a target ship. An inspection conducted on 30 January 1925 revealed that her hull and other parts of the ship had deteriorated. On 4 June 1925, she was sunk as a live-fire target in the Pacific Ocean off the Sunosaki Lighthouse in Chiba Prefecture.

Commanding officers

SOURCE:日本海軍史』第9巻・第10巻の「将官履歴」及び『官報』に基づく ("Based on ''History of General Officers'' and ''Official Gazette'' in Volumes 9 and 10 of ''History of the Japanese Navy'') (in Japanese)

*Lieutenant Commander Shushiro Fujimoto 29 March 1898 (pre-commissioning)
*Lieutenant Commander Shuzo Matsuoka, 22 June 1900 – 11 September 1904
*Lieutenant Kanta Shimauchi, 11 September 1904 – 12 December 1905
*Lieutenant Commander Kanta Shimanouchi, 12 December 12, 1905 – 8 February 1906
*Lieutenant Koichi Masuda: 8 February 1906 – 10 May 1906
*Commander Kiyoshi Tsukiyama, 10 May 1906 – 4 October 1906
*Lieutenant Commander Tsuruhiko Horie, 4 October 1906 – 17 May 1907
*Lieutenant Noda Tameyoshi, 17 May 1907 – 16 May 1908
*Lieutenant Eijiro Tanabe, 16 May 1908 – 28 May 1908
*Lieutenant Captain Naonobu Hirata, 28 May 1908 – 25 September 1908
*Lieutenant Yoshikazu Maekawa, 25 September 1908 – 11 March 1909
*Lieutenant Kotaro Fujita, 11 March 1909 – 23 May 1911
*Lieutenant Keiji Yamazaki, 23 May 1911 – 20 December 1912
*Lieutenant Commander Sohei Horiuchi, 20 December 1912 – 29 May 1914
*Lieutenant Commander Kazuo Kawakita, 29 May 1914 – unknown
*Lieutenant Commander Shuzo Adachi: unknown – 13 December 1915
*Lieutenant Commander Kunitaro Kamimoto, 13 December 1915 – 12 September 1916
*Lieutenant Noboru Wakayama, 12 September 1916 – 1 December 1916
*Lieutenant Shuji Ehara, 1 December 1916 – 10 September 1918『官報』第1833号、大正7年9月11日 ("Official Gazette No. 1833, September 11, 1917") (in Japanese)
*Lieutenant Genzo Honda, 10 September 1918 – unknown

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Murakumo
Murakumo-class destroyers
Ships built in Chiswick
1898 ships
Russo-Japanese War naval ships of Japan
World War I destroyers of Japan
Maritime incidents in 1925
Ships sunk as targets
Shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean