In the

history of Portugal The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis. The Roman invasion in the 3rd century BC lasted several centuries, and developed the Roman provinc ...

, the Janeirinha (

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

– ''Little January'') was the name of the movement which on 1 January 1868 to protest against the tax on consumables and went on to carry out administrative reform of the country. With great support in the cities of

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...

and

Braga Braga ( , ; cel-x-proto, Bracara) is a city and a municipality, capital of the northwestern Portuguese district of Braga and of the historical and cultural Minho Province. Braga Municipality has a resident population of 193,333 inhabitants (in ...

(a large demonstration in Porto on 1 January 1868 as part of this movement led to the local paper being called

O Primeiro de Janeiro ''O Primeiro de Janeiro'' (lit. ''the first of January'') was a Portuguese daily newspaper published in Porto, Portugal. History and profile ''O Primeiro de Janeiro'' was based in Porto where it was founded in 1868. Its title is a reference to ...

), the movement immediately caused the fall of the government on 4 January. This discontent caused the formation of a new government presided by António José d'Ávila and, for some historians, marks the end of the

Regeneration Regeneration may refer to: Science and technology * Regeneration (biology), the ability to recreate lost or damaged cells, tissues, organs and limbs * Regeneration (ecology), the ability of ecosystems to regenerate biomass, using photosynthesis ...

. For, besides the fall of the government, the Janeirinha also brought about a new arrangement of Portugal's political forces, leading to the formation of a new political party, the Reformist Party, opening the doors to a new and prolonged period of governmental instability, and putting an end to the stability imposed by the "regenerador" movement.

Context

Consequences

References

External links

*
Political timeline of 1868
*
State and Society in conflict: the Código of Mártens Ferrão of 1867. A closed political reform
* {{in lang, pt}
''O Primeiro de Janeiro'' homepage
1868 in Portugal Conflicts in 1868