Jan Koźmian (1812–1877) was a Polish literary figure, and a

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

priest after the death of his wife. He founded and wrote for upwards of twenty years in the "Posen Review". He and his brother Stanislaus Kozmian were the first secular workers for the revival of Catholic convictions in Poland. They both took part in the Polish insurrection of 1831, and subsequently went into exile. Jan lived in France, before returning to Posen.

Works

His articles have been collected in three volumes (1881). The programme of the ''Review'' stated "That she may fulfil her mission, Poland must be united to the Church". Noteworthy are "The Two Idolatries", on Revolutionism and

Panslavism Pan-Slavism, a movement which crystallized in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with the advancement of integrity and unity for the Slavic people. Its main impact occurred in the Balkans, where non-Slavic empires had ruled ...

, and his last essay, "Duties are permanent." He also wrote about Italian affairs and in favor of the temporal power of the Papacy. In a controversial essay he attacked the Jesuit

Ivan Gagarin Prince Ivan Sergeyevich Gagarin SJ (Иван Сергеевич Гагарин; born in Moscow, 1 August 1814; died in Paris, 19 July 1882) was a Russian Jesuit, known also as ''Jean-Xavier'' after his conversion from Orthodoxy to Roman Catholic ...

, who maintained that the great obstacle to the conversion of the Russians was that they identified Catholicism and Poland.

References

;Attribution * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kozmian, Jan 1812 births 1877 deaths Polish male writers Polish editors 19th-century Polish Roman Catholic priests