Portret van Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller door H

Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller (13 February 1855 in

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

– 23 May 1925 in Amsterdam) was a

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

painter Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...

. He belongs to ''The 2. Golden Age of Dutch Painting''. He is an impressionist of the School of Allebé, better known as Amsterdam Impressionism, part of the international movement of the

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating ...

. From the art historical point of view he is one of the 2nd generation of the

Hague School The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the Realism (visual arts), realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school genera ...

. He used the bright color palette of the French Impressionists, too – but from the perspective of a Dutchman.

Life and work

JH Wijsmuller - Markt bij de Noorderkerk in Amsterdam

JH Wijsmuller - Het uitzetten van de fuiken

Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller in z'n atelier, 1925

From 1876 on Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller began studying at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in

– better known as Rijksacademie. He had been one of the 179 students of Prof. Allebé – it was well known, that his lessons were based on the current flow of time. In 1877 followed his wandering years. They led him to the Akademie van beeldende Kunsten — Den Haag, the famous Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles and the

in its heyday. – The latter brought forth such famous masters such as

Johannes Bosboom Johannes Bosboom (18 February 1817 – 14 September 1891) was a Dutch painter and watercolorist of the Hague School, known especially for his paintings of church interiors. Biography He was born in The Hague. At the age of 14 he became a studen ...

Paul Gabriël Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriël or Paul Gabriël (5 July 1828 – 23 August 1903) was a painter, draftsman, watercolorist, and etcher who belonged to the Hague School. Biography Gabriël was born in Amsterdam, the son of the sculptor and paint ...

, the brothers

Jacob Maris Jacob Hendricus Maris (August 25, 1837 – August 7, 1899) was a Dutch painter, who with his brothers Willem and Matthijs belonged to what has come to be known as the Hague School of painters. He was considered to be the most important and influen ...

and

Matthijs Maris Matthias Maris (17 August 1839 – 22 August 1917) was a Dutch painter, etcher and lithographer. He was also known as Matthijs Maris or Thijs. He initially belonged to the Hague School, like his two brothers, Jacob and Willem, but his later w ...

Anton Mauve Anthonij "Anton" Rudolf Mauve (18 September 18385 February 1888) was a Dutch realist painter who was a leading member of the Hague School. He signed his paintings 'A. Mauve' or with a monogrammed 'A.M.'. A master colorist, he was a very signific ...

and Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch. Here, Vincent van Gogh found his way into painting. He won the

Willink van Collenprijs Willink van Collenprijs (''English'': The Willink van Collen Award) is a former Dutch art award, which was awarded for the first time in 1880 by the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitiae. It was intended as an encouragement award for young artists, and wa ...

for young artists by which he had been supported. This is awarded annually by the Amsterdam Academy

Arti et Amicitiae Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular i ...

. In 1883 he had won this award. The name of his work is no longer known. With his own studio he settled in

. His friends included the well known artists Ernst Witkamp,

Nicolaas van der Waay Nicolaas van der Waay (1855–1936) was a Dutch decorative artist, watercolorist Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also ''aquarelle'' (; from Italian diminutive of Latin ''aqua'' "wat ...

and Carel Dake. He belongs to the second generation of the

. But he was a representative of the

Amsterdam Impressionism Amsterdam Impressionism was an art movement in late 19th-century Holland. It is associated especially with George Hendrik Breitner and is also known as the ''School of Allebé''. The innovative ideas about painting of the French Impressionists w ...

, better known as School of Allebé, too. In his creative works the former life of agile, thriving metropolis Amsterdam was immortalized. The opposite pole are landscape portraits. They include scenes canals, windmills and older landscapes with the day's work of fisherman. His repertoire is completed by the classic Dutch theme – the continuation of the tradition of the coastal landscape of the North Sea. He also made portraits of the people of

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

and surroundings. He was a representative of the realism and the plein air painting. In his paintings he combines the influences of the first period of the Hague School, the

Barbizon School The Barbizon school of painters were part of an art movement towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time. The Barbizon school was active roughly from 1830 through 1870. It takes its name f ...

and the Impressionists. In his paintings he cleverly uses his own visual language for the spatial extent and depth. His paintings live by the harmonious play of colors, sky, clouds, water and landscape. The lighting is living though the material interactions typical of the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

seasons and climate. From an art historical point of view he belongs to the

, the School of Allebé, the Oosterbeek School, the Kortenhoef School and the Katwijk School. It must be seen as a Dutch

art movement An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defin ...

of that time of impressionism. His works are characterized by their unique craft skills. His expressions were sketches on paper, and oil on wood and canvas. He is buried at Zorgvlied cemetery.

Exhibition

Cover of the catalogue of the exhibition from 1912: Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. * 1903 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. * 1905 Collection of ''Arti et amicitiae'' and ''Pulchri Studio'' at ''Kunstverein in Hamburg''http://www.kunstverein.de/ Exhibitions at ''Kunstverein in Hamburg from 1858 to 2010'' * 1907 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. * 1912 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.

In possession of the Museums of the Netherlands a.s.f.

* Historisches Museum, Amsterdam *

Rijksmuseum The Rijksmuseum () is the national museum of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch arts and history and is located in Amsterdam. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough of Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the St ...

, Amsterdam *

Stedelijk Museum The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam (; Municipal Museum Amsterdam), colloquially known as the Stedelijk, is a museum for modern art, contemporary art, and design located in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

, Amsterdam *

Museum Willet-Holthuysen Museum Willet-Holthuysen is a located on the Herengracht in Amsterdam. The Amsterdam famous ring of canals is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. History The house was built for Jacob Hop, mayor of Amsterdam, around 1685. He was not the last may ...

, Amsterdam *

Dordrechts Museum Dordrechts Museum is an art museum in Dordrecht, Netherlands. The museum was founded in 1842 and has a collection of artists of the last 400 years. Paintings The museum has works of the following artists: Gallery File:Portrait of Cornelis van ...

, Dordrecht * Dienst Verspreide Rijkskollecties, The Hague *

Gemeentemuseum Den Haag The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. I ...

, The Hague * The Mesdag Collection, The Hague * Stadhuis, The Hague * Goois Museum, Hilversum * Zeeuws Museum, Middelburg * St. Vrienden Museum Noordwijk, Noordwijk * Belasting museum, Rotterdam

A selection of pictures as a cross-section of his work

* ''Old-Amsterdam'' * ''Market near the Noorderkerk, Amsterdam'' * ''A view of Kolk, Amsterdam'' * ''Old canal of Utrecht with view at the Dom'' * ''A town square'' * ''A view on a town canal by night'' * ''Draw—bridge in winter landscape'' * ''Windmills in winter'' * ''Sawing mills'' * ''Windmills in a polder landscape'' * ''A farm along a River'' * ''The forest at Oosterbeek'' * ''In the dunes looking out to sea, Noordwijk aan Zee'' * ''A street scene, Katwijk'' * ''The church at Kortenhoef'' * ''Landscape, Blaricum'' * ''Pulling in the nets'' * ''Waterlilies'' * ''A river landscape'' * ''Trees in a field'' * ''Ducks in a forest fen'' * ''Cows at pasture'' * ''Wife with a pitch'' * ''Flowers in a vase'' * ''A summer's day at the beach'' * ''Bomschuiten on the beach, Egmond aan Zee'' * ''A shell fisher on the beach''

Selected bibliography

Books

*De Bodt, Saskia and Sellink, Manfred. ''Nineteenth Century Dutch Watercolors and Drawings'', Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, 1998. * Carole Denninger-Schreuder: ''De onvergankelijke kijk op Kortenhoef : een schilderdorp in beeld'', uitgeverij Thoth Bussum, 1998, , page 42 – 45. * De Leeuw, Ronald et al. ''The Hague School Dutch Masters of the 19th Century'' (1983) *Sillevis, John, ''Dutch Drawings From the Age of Van Gogh'', Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1992. * John Sillevis: ''Katwijk in de schilderkunst'', Katwijk Museum, Katwijk, 1995, . *Sillevis, John and Tabak, Anne, ''The Hague School Book'', Waanders Uitgegevers, Zwolle, 2004. * Suyver, Renske. ''A Reflection of Holland: The Best of the Hague School in the Rijksmuseum'' (2011) * Wright, Christopher (1980): ''Paintings in Dutch Museums'', Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., London,

Publications

* B. Bakker et al.: De verzameling Van Eeghen, ''Amsterdamsche tekeningen 1600–1950'', Zwolle /Amsterdam 1988, p. 438 * C.L. Dake: ''Aanteekeningen over beeldende kunst'', Utrecht 1915, p. 75–76. * H.M. Krabbé: ''J.H.Wijsmuller'', Elsevier's Geïllustreerd Maandschrift 4 (1894), p. 233–247 en idem in: M.Rooses ed. Het Schildersboek, .. Dl 4, Amsterdam 1900, p. 179–195. * J. Versteegh: ''Verandering tot die richting beteekent voor mij :zelfmoord – De kentering in de eerste tien jaren van Elsevier's Geïllustreerd Maandschrift'', De Boekenwereld 20 (2003–2004), p. 151.

RDK – Netherlands

* Jonkman/Geudeker 2010, p. 52, 53 * Marius 1920, p. 229 * Scheen 1969–1970 * Scheen 1981, p. 597, afb.nr. 807 (als: Wijsmuller, Jan Hillebrand) * Stolwijk 1998, p. 332 * Witt Checklist 1978

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wijsmuller, Jan Hillebrand 1855 births 1925 deaths Dutch Impressionist painters Painters from Amsterdam 19th-century Dutch painters Dutch male painters 20th-century Dutch painters Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts alumni 19th-century Dutch male artists 20th-century Dutch male artists