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Jan Baptiste de Jonghe or Jean-Baptiste de Jonghe (
at the
He participated in various other art competitions in Northern France and Belgium and was successful in Douai, Brussels and Bruges. He travelled in The Netherlands, France and England.
In 1823-1824 he was one of the lithographers who made lithographs and provided drawings for the publication ''Collection des principales vues des Pays-Bas'' ('Collection of principal views of the Netherlands') published by Dewasme.
In 1825 the Academy of Antwerp admitted de Jonghe as a member. The next year he was appointed professor at the Academy of drawing and architecture in Kortrijk. In 1828 he was admitted as associate member of the Academy of Amsterdam. In 1836 the Belgian government appointed him to the jury tasked to choose the artwork to be acquired by the Belgian state at that year's salon. In 1840, Belgian King Leopold I commissioned from the artist six landscape paintings of sites in the Ardennes.
In 1841 de Jonghe was appointed professor of landscape and animal painting at the Academy of Antwerp. He only served in that role for a brief period as he had to resign for family reasons in 1843. After this he was occupied with various commissions in Brussels.
De Jonghe also played an important role as a teacher at the Academy of Kortrijk, where he trained a new generation of painters between 1826 and 1841, including Jean Baptiste Daveloose and Louis-Pierre Verwee. Other pupils of de Jonghe include Louis de Winter, Louis Robbe and Hendrik Frans Schaefels. Gustave Léonard de Jonghe, the son of the artist and his wife Maria Theresia Commeijne, received his first training from his father and became a society portrait and genre painter who worked in Paris for a fashionable clientele.
The artist died in Schaerbeek in 1844 after a brief illness.
In his earliest works, De Jonghe interpreted nature in an idyllic, sentimental way. His paintings were romantic composite landscapes, such as the ''Border of the forest near Brussels''. Initially he borrowed the formulas of 17th century Dutch landscape painting. The sky takes up a prominent place in his compositions as was the case in the work of 
De Jonghe never painted imaginary landscapes. He always painted real locations and the titles of his works often state where the landscape is located. Gradually some of his landscapes became more Romantic as he started to depict certain picturesque scenes in places such as the Ardennes. These works are more in line with artistic currents of the 19th century and were likely made at the end of his career.
During his tenure as an art professor at the Academy of Kortrijk he taught lithography. He published his teaching materials under the title ''Principes de paysages dessinés d’après nature et exécutés sur pierre'' ('Principles of landscapes drawn after nature and executed on stone') (Brussels, 1826). In this work he stressed the particular characteristics of different types of trees.Lut Pil, 1993, p. 158
Jan Baptiste de Jonghe or Jean-Baptiste de Jonghe (Kortrijk
Kortrijk ( , ; vls, Kortryk or ''Kortrik''; french: Courtrai ; la, Cortoriacum), sometimes known in English as Courtrai or Courtray ( ), is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders.
It is the capital and large ...
, 8 January 1785 – Schaerbeek
(French and archaic Dutch, ) or (contemporary Dutch, ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the north-eastern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and S ...
, 14 October 1844) was a Belgian painter, draughtsman, etcher and lithographer. He is known for his Romantic landscapes
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the p ...
with people, herds and ruins.Jan Baptiste De Jongheat the
Netherlands Institute for Art History
The Netherlands Institute for Art History or RKD (Dutch: RKD-Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis), previously Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD), is located in The Hague and is home to the largest art history center i ...
In his graphic work he also made views of cities in the area of what is now Belgium and the Netherlands. He was an art professor at the Academy of Kortrijk and the Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts.Dominique Vautier. "Jonghe, Jean-Baptiste de." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 6 May 2017
Life
Jan Baptiste de Jonghe was born in Kortrijk as the son of a wealthy businessman who was mayor of Kortrijk from 1805 to 1817. He received his first training at the Academie van Kortrijk, where he studied for two years.Jean-Baptiste De Jonghe, (Kortrijk 1785 – Antwerpen 1844) at the Broel Museum His drawing instructor was the sculptor Pieter Van Reable. He then went to study at the Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts.J. Immerzeel, ''De levens en Werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters'', Volume 2, J. C. van Kesteren, 1843, p. 89 Here one of his professors was the renowned animal and landscape painter Balthasar Paul Ommeganck. Ommeganck is believed to have set de Jonghe on the path of landscape and animal painting. When in 1812 he won the prize for landscape painting at a competition organized by the drawing academy of Ghent, he started to fully concentrate on this subject matter.''Annales de la Société d'émulation pour l'étude de l'histoire et des antiquités de la Flandre'', Volume 2, Société d'Émulation pour l'Étude de l'Histoire et des Antiquités de la Flandre, 1844, pp. 403-407
He participated in various other art competitions in Northern France and Belgium and was successful in Douai, Brussels and Bruges. He travelled in The Netherlands, France and England.
In 1823-1824 he was one of the lithographers who made lithographs and provided drawings for the publication ''Collection des principales vues des Pays-Bas'' ('Collection of principal views of the Netherlands') published by Dewasme.
In 1825 the Academy of Antwerp admitted de Jonghe as a member. The next year he was appointed professor at the Academy of drawing and architecture in Kortrijk. In 1828 he was admitted as associate member of the Academy of Amsterdam. In 1836 the Belgian government appointed him to the jury tasked to choose the artwork to be acquired by the Belgian state at that year's salon. In 1840, Belgian King Leopold I commissioned from the artist six landscape paintings of sites in the Ardennes.
In 1841 de Jonghe was appointed professor of landscape and animal painting at the Academy of Antwerp. He only served in that role for a brief period as he had to resign for family reasons in 1843. After this he was occupied with various commissions in Brussels.
De Jonghe also played an important role as a teacher at the Academy of Kortrijk, where he trained a new generation of painters between 1826 and 1841, including Jean Baptiste Daveloose and Louis-Pierre Verwee. Other pupils of de Jonghe include Louis de Winter, Louis Robbe and Hendrik Frans Schaefels. Gustave Léonard de Jonghe, the son of the artist and his wife Maria Theresia Commeijne, received his first training from his father and became a society portrait and genre painter who worked in Paris for a fashionable clientele.
The artist died in Schaerbeek in 1844 after a brief illness.Work
Jan Baptiste de Jonghe was a painter, draughtsman, etcher and lithographer. He was specialised inlandscapes
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the p ...
and city views. His output was relatively limited. As he rarely dated his works his chronology is sometimes difficult to determine.Dominique Vautier, in:''Om en rond het neoclassicisme in België 1770-1830'', Elsene, 1985, p. 308
In his earliest works, De Jonghe interpreted nature in an idyllic, sentimental way. His paintings were romantic composite landscapes, such as the ''Border of the forest near Brussels''. Initially he borrowed the formulas of 17th century Dutch landscape painting. The sky takes up a prominent place in his compositions as was the case in the work of Jan van Goyen
Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (; 13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. The scope of his landscape subjects was very broad as he painted forest landscapesm marines, river landscapes, beach scenes, winter landscape, cityscap ...
. He had a preference for wooded landscapes and adopted the typical manner composition used by Jacob van Ruysdael with a path starting in the center of the first plane with some trees scattered on both sides. The mood is expressed through the sky, which is either calm, cloudy or stormy and the trees, which are either dying or in full bloom. There is also some body of water included either in the form of a pool, river or pond, at which wild or domesticated animals are drinking. He usually included few human figures in his compositions. For the staffage he often relied on other painters such as his friend and family member Eugène Joseph Verboeckhoven.
Later, he tried to reproduce his subjects more realistically and broke with the traditions of the conventional landscape. In his ''Landscape in the environs of Tournai'' of 1836 ( Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium), the artist gave the horizon an important role as he opened up the space and the sky became the key element of the composition. This desire to open up the composition is a defining characteristic of his mature period.
De Jonghe never painted imaginary landscapes. He always painted real locations and the titles of his works often state where the landscape is located. Gradually some of his landscapes became more Romantic as he started to depict certain picturesque scenes in places such as the Ardennes. These works are more in line with artistic currents of the 19th century and were likely made at the end of his career.
During his tenure as an art professor at the Academy of Kortrijk he taught lithography. He published his teaching materials under the title ''Principes de paysages dessinés d’après nature et exécutés sur pierre'' ('Principles of landscapes drawn after nature and executed on stone') (Brussels, 1826). In this work he stressed the particular characteristics of different types of trees.Lut Pil, 1993, p. 158 References
External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:De Jonghe, Jan Baptiste 1785 births 1844 deaths Belgian landscape painters Flemish landscape painters People from Kortrijk