Jamnapari or Jamunapari is an Indian

breed A breed is a specific group of domestic animals having homogeneous appearance (phenotype), homogeneous behavior, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species. In literature, there exist several slig ...

domestic goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the a ...

originating in

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh (; , 'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was established in 1950 ...

. It has exported to

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, where it is known as the Etawah. It is bred for both

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. Immune factors and immune ...

and

meat Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chic ...

. The name is derived from the

Yamuna The Yamuna (Hindustani language, Hindustani: ), also spelt Jumna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganges by discharge and the longest tributary in List of major rivers of India, India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a ...

"2.3 Goat Breeds".
/ref> river.

History

The Jamnapari originated in the Etawah District of

, and is particularly associated with the

tehsil A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...

of Chakarnagar. It is one of the ancestors of the

Anglo-Nubian The Anglo-Nubian is a British breed of domestic goat. It originated in the nineteenth century from cross-breeding between native British goats and a mixed population of large lop-eared goats imported from India, the Middle East and North Afri ...

. In India there were an estimated 580,000 of the breed in the 1972 census, although less than 5000 were thought to be purebred.

Characteristics

There is a large variation in color but the typical Jamnapari is white with patches of tan on the neck and head. Their heads tend to have a highly convex nose, which gives them a parrot-like appearance. They have long flat drooping ears which are around 25 cm long. Both sexes have

horn Horn most often refers to: *Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound ** Horn (instrument), collective name for tube-shaped wind musical instruments *Horn (anatomy), a pointed, bony projection on the head of various ...

s. The udder has round, conical teats and is well developed. They also have unusually long legs. The Jamnapari male can weigh up to 40 kg, while females can reach around 30 kg depending upon climates and environmental condition. The average lactation yield per day has been found to be slightly less than two kilograms. Jamnapari meat is said to be low in cholesterol. During the winter they spend more than 90% of their time grazing, although this falls to around 55% in the hot Indian summer. The breed browses on bushes, tree leaves and the top of grasses rather than typical ground grazing. Their mean heart rate was found to be 127 ± 3.46 in one study.N. H. Mohan1, D. Niyogi2, H. N. Singh3
"Analysis of normal electrocardiograms of Jamunapari goats".
''

Journal of Veterinary Science The ''Journal of Veterinary Science'' is a scientific journal covering animal health Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals ...

''. Rates of conception are high, nearly 90%. Triplets and quadruplets are common. The average age of first conception is 18 months.

References

{{reflist, 45em, refs= R.M. Acharya (1982)
''Sheep and goat breeds of India''
FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 30. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived 1 February 2003. Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007)
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
annex t
''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture''
Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN, 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020. Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016)
''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''
(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN, 9781780647944. Breed data sheet: Jamunapari / India (Goat)
Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2021. P. K. Rout, A. Mandal, M. K. Singh, R. Roy, N. Sharma and G.F.W. Haenlein (2004)

''Dairy Goat Journal''. 82 (3): 37–39. Archived 11 October 2007. Dairy goat breeds Meat goat breeds Goat breeds originating in Bangladesh Goat breeds originating in India Goat breeds

History

Characteristics

See also

References