James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow, 4th Earl of Callendar (died 25 April 1723) was a Scottish nobleman who was convicted of high treason and forced to forfeit his estates and all his titles to the Crown.

Early life

Livingston was the only son and heir of

Alexander Livingston, 3rd Earl of Callendar Alexander Livingston, 3rd Earl of Callendar (died December 1692) was a Scottish nobleman. Early life He was the second son of George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow, PC and Lady Elizabeth Lyon. His elder brother was George Livingston, 4th E ...

and his wife, Lady Anne Graham. He had two younger sisters, including Lady Mary Livingston, who married James Graham of

Airth Airth is a Royal Burgh, village, former trading port and civil parish in Falkirk, Scotland. It is north of Falkirk town and sits on the banks of the River Forth. Airth lies on the A905 road between Grangemouth and Stirling and is overlooked by A ...

, Judge of the

Court of Admiralty Admiralty courts, also known as maritime courts, are courts exercising jurisdiction over all maritime contracts, torts, injuries, and offences. Admiralty courts in the United Kingdom England and Wales Scotland The Scottish court's earliest ...

in Scotland. His mother was the eldest daughter of

James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose ( – February 1669) was a Scottish nobleman and judge, surnamed the "Good" Marquess. Early life He was the second son of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, by his wife, Lady Magdalene Carnegie, daugh ...

and Lady Isabella Douglas (fifth daughter of

William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton (1582 – 7 August 1648) was a grandson of the 6th Earl of Morton. He was Treasurer of Scotland, and a zealous Royalist. Life He was the son of Robert Douglas, Master of Morton, and Jean Lyon, daughter of ...

). His father was the second son of

George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow George Livingston PC (July 1616 – 1 February 1690) was a military officer and third Earl of Linlithgow. Early life Livingston was born in July 1616. He was the eldest son of Alexander Livingston, 2nd Earl of Linlithgow and Lady Elizabeth Gor ...

and Lady Elizabeth Lyon (daughter of

Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure (1585-1661) was a Scottish courtier and aristocrat. He was a son of Patrick Maule (died 1605) and Margaret Erskine (died 1599), a daughter of John Erskine of Dun and Elizabeth Lindsay. Patrick Maule was a page ...

and widow of

John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland in 1606 for Patrick Lyon. In 1677, the designation of the earldom c ...

). His paternal aunt, Lady Henrietta Livingston, was married to Robert Makgill, 2nd Viscount of Oxfuird.

Career

In December 1692, he succeeded his father as 4th Earl of Callendar, Lord Livingston and Almond (who had inherited the title from James' great-uncle, Alexander Livingston), and on 7 August 1695, following the death of his cousin

George George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd Presid ...

, he succeeded as the 5th

Earl of Linlithgow Earl of Linlithgow was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1600 for Alexander Livingston, 7th Lord Livingston, along with the subsidiary title of Lord Livingston and Callendar. In 1695, the Earldom of Linlithgow merged with ...

. His cousin, who died without issue, had been married to Hon Henrietta Sutherland (daughter of Alexander Sutherland, 1st Lord Duffus). In 1712, he was Captain of the Company of Foot in

Blackness Castle Blackness Castle is a 15th-century fortress, near the village of Blackness, Scotland, on the south shore of the Firth of Forth. It was built, probably on the site of an earlier fort, by Sir George Crichton in the 1440s. At this time, Blacknes ...

and from 13 January 1713 to 8 October 1713, he was a

Scottish Representative Peer This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the Parliament of Scotland, where, as a unicameral legislature, all Scottish P ...

. A fervent Jacobite, he joined the 1715 Rising and commanded a Squadron of Horse in the Jacobite defeat during the Battle of Sheriffmuir in November 1715. Despite his surrender to

John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll Field Marshal John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, 1st Duke of Greenwich, (10 October 1680 – 4 October 1743), styled Lord Lorne from 1680 to 1703, was a Scottish nobleman and senior commander in the British Army. He served on the contine ...

, he was attained of

high treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...

on 17 February 1715. Following his conviction, his estates and all his titles were forfeited to the Crown and sold. Linlithgow Palace was given to

James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton and 2nd Duke of Brandon KT FRS (5 January 1703 – 2 March 1743) was a Scottish peer, the son of the 4th Duke of Hamilton. Hamilton attended Winchester College from 1716 to 1717. He matriculated at Christ ...

, and in 1745 was occupied by "Colonel James Gardiner with his dragoons." Livingston escaped to the Continent 1716 and joined the titular King James III in exile in Papal territory at

Urbino Urbino ( ; ; Romagnol: ''Urbìn'') is a walled city in the Marche region of Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of ...

Personal life

At some point after May 1707, Linlithgow was married to Lady Margaret Hay (d. 1723), the second daughter of

John Hay, 12th Earl of Erroll John Hay, 12th Earl of Erroll (died 30 December 1704) was a Scottish nobleman and Lord High Constable of Scotland. Among his titles was Lord of Slains, but he had previously been known as John Hay of Kellour. Marriage and issue Hay was a son of S ...

and Lady Anne Drummond (only daughter of

James Drummond, 3rd Earl of Perth James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

). Lady Margaret was the younger sister of sister of

Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll (died 19 August 1758) was a Scottish noblewoman and ''suo jure'' Countess of Erroll. As 18th Hereditary Lord High Constable and Knight Marischal of Scotland, she was the Senior Great Officer among the Royal Offi ...

. Together, they were the parents of two children: * Hon. James Livingston, Lord Livingston (1710–1715), who died in childhood. * Lady Anne Livingston (1709–1747), who married

William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (12 May 170518 August 1746), was a Scottish peer who joined the 1745 Jacobite Rising, was captured at Culloden and subsequently executed for treason on Tower Hill. His family were supporters of the governmen ...

(1705–1746), who was also convicted of high treason after which the Earldom of Kilmarnock was forfeited and he was executed on

Tower Hill Tower Hill is the area surrounding the Tower of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is infamous for the public execution of high status prisoners from the late 14th to the mid 18th century. The execution site on the higher gro ...

. Linlithgow died on 25 April 1723 at

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. As Lady Margaret's sister died childless, the Hay family dignities went to their grandson, James, Lord Boyd, son of the 4th Earl of Kilmarnock.

References

External links

Portrait of "James, 5th Earl of Linlithgow and 4th Earl of Callendar"
by the circle of Alexis-Simon Belle, at the

National Trust for Scotland The National Trust for Scotland for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, commonly known as the National Trust for Scotland ( gd, Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba), is a Scottish conservation organisation. It is the largest membership organ ...

, Gladstone's Land. {{DEFAULTSORT:Livingston, James Year of birth missing 1723 deaths Earls of Linlithgow 4

James James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguati ...

Scottish representative peers Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland