James Armstrong (August 29, 1748 – May 6, 1828) was an American slave owner, physician, judge, and politician.

Early life

Armstrong was born in

Carlisle, Pennsylvania Carlisle is a Borough (Pennsylvania), borough in and the county seat of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Carlisle is located within the Cumberland Valley, a highly productive agricultural region. As of the 2020 United States census, ...

on August 29, 1748. He was a son of

Brigadier General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...

and

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

man John Armstrong and Rebecca (

née A birth name is the name of a person given upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name, or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth re ...

Lyon) Armstrong (1719–1797). His older sister Rebecca Armstrong was the wife of James Turner and his younger brother was

John Armstrong Jr. John Armstrong Jr. (November 25, 1758April 1, 1843) was an American soldier, diplomat and statesman who was a delegate to the Continental Congress, U.S. Senator from New York, and United States Secretary of War under President James Madison. A me ...

, who became the

U.S. Secretary of War The secretary of war was a member of the U.S. president's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War", had been appointed to serve the Congress of th ...

and served as the Minister to France and a

U.S. Senator The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and powe ...

from New York. He was educated at the Philadelphia Academy and at

Nassau Hall Nassau Hall, colloquially known as Old Nassau, is the oldest building at Princeton University in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. In 1783 it served as the United States Capitol building for four months. At the time it was built ...

(later the College of New Jersey, and today known as

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...

). He studied medicine at Dr. John Morgan's School in Philadelphia before graduating from the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...

in 1769.

Career

After his graduation from medical school, he moved to

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Frederick County, Virginia Frederick County is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,419. Its county seat is Winchester. The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County. It is Virginia's northernmost county. ...

where he established a medical practice. During the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

, he served as a medical officer and is sometimes confused with several other James Armstrongs in the war. After the war, he spent three years in England to further his medical studies before returning to Carlisle in 1788. After Carlisle, he relocated to

Mifflin County, Pennsylvania Mifflin County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,143. Its county seat is Lewistown. The county was created on September 19, 1789, from parts of Cumberland County and Northumberland ...

where for twelve years he practiced medicine and was appointed as an associate Judge. In 1792, he was elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to represent

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

in the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...

from 1793 until 1795, serving in the 3rd U.S. Congress. After his single term in Congress, he returned to Carlisle in 1796 and continued practicing medicine. In 1796, he was elected a trustee of

Dickinson College , mottoeng = Freedom is made safe through character and learning , established = , type = Private liberal arts college , endowment = $645.5 million (2022) , president = J ...

. On September 12, 1808, he was appointed an associate judge of the

Cumberland County Cumberland County may refer to: Australia * Cumberland County, New South Wales * the former name of Cumberland Land District, Tasmania, Australia Canada *Cumberland County, Nova Scotia United Kingdom *Cumberland, historic county *Cumberlan ...

Court.

Personal life

In 1789, Armstrong was married to Mary Stevenson (1766–1813), a daughter of large land-owner and iron manufacturer George Stevenson, Esq. (formerly the deputy surveyor-general under Nicholas Scull for the " territories of Pennsylvania") and sister of Dr. George Stevenson, who served with distinction at the

Battle of Brandywine The Battle of Brandywine, also known as the Battle of Brandywine Creek, was fought between the American Continental Army of General George Washington and the British Army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777, as part of the Ame ...

. Together, they were the parents of nine children, including: * John Wilkins Armstrong (1798–1870), a doctor who married Mary Susanna Shell (1813–1855) in 1825. Armstrong died on May 6, 1828 in Carlisle and was buried in the Old Carlisle Cemetery.

Descendants

Through his son John, he was a grandfather of Mary Armstrong (1828–1898), wife of Christian Bowers Herman, and Cassius M. Armstrong (1846–1896), who married Jennie Hershman.

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, James 1748 births 1828 deaths People from Carlisle, Pennsylvania People of colonial Pennsylvania American people of Scotch-Irish descent Pro-Administration Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania American slave owners University of Pennsylvania alumni Princeton University alumni Physicians in the American Revolution Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania