Jakub Deml

Jakub Deml (20 August 1878 – 10 February 1961) was a Czech Catholic priest and writer.

Life

Childhood and youth

Jakub Deml was born in Tasov near Třebíč, Austria-Hungary, now the Czech Republic on 20 August 1878 as a firstborn child of a small store owner Jakub Deml and his second wife Antonie Demlová, born Bělochová. His grandfather, German Jan Deml, moved to Moravia from Opatov by Moravská Třebová. In 1889 at the age of 11, Jakub was sent to a German family in Wulzeshofen by Laa in Austria where he learnt German. In the spring of 1890, Deml returned home due to his mother's serious illness and later death. Deml studied high school in Gymnázium Třebíč where he started to publish his first works in the journal ''Sursum''. During the year 1897 Deml published his works in ''Zájmy lidu'' (Interest of people), and in 1899 in ''Nový život'' (New life), ''Dvacátý věk'' (Twentieth century) a ''Museo'' (Museum). After high school, Deml entered a seminary and in 1902 was ordained Roman Catholic priest.

Priesthood and early literary works

Deml's first post as a priest was in Kučerov by Vyškov. In 1905, Deml stopped publishing in ''Nový život'' (New life) and started to criticize catholic modernism and clericalism, which made him unpopular with many church representatives. His disputes with clergy and church authorities were slowly escalating also due to the slow implementation of the Decree of Pope Pius X. Finally for health reasons, Deml asked to be released from his duties and in 1907 retired from the priesthood. Bishop Pavel Huyn signed the release papers.

The first republic

Deml put high hopes in the new republican order which started in Czechoslovakia in 1918. Unfortunately even then he was running into problems with bureaucracy. He was allowed to lead a Mass but was still prohibited from preaching and confessions. The year 1918 was important for Jakub Deml as he met with Pavla Kytlicová who became his promoter. In 1922 Deml moved to his birthplace Tasov where he permanently settled. His house, designed by the famous architect Bohuslav Fuchs, served as his home until Deml's death. During the years of 1921 and 1928 Deml was a devoted member of Sokol. In 1924 Deml in one of his speeches attacked Orel, the organization competing with Sokol and for his comments was charged with slander. In his work Deml often criticized the Czechoslovakian prezident Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. His critiques eventually led to Deml's conflict with government officials and his work Šlépěje was confiscated. Deml's prosecution was finally stopped by the president himself. Later in life Deml stated that he valued president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, even though he disagreed with him on many points.
The year 1929 was marked by the death of Otokar Březina. Deml's highly controversial work '' Mé svědectví o Otokaru Březinovi'' (My Testimony about O. Březina) had many antagonists and had a negative effect on Deml's popularity. In 1932 died Pavla Kytlicová, Deml's good friend, publisher, and supporter. That and Deml's troubling health strongly influenced his literary works from this time period. In 1934 Deml published one of his most famous novels ''Forgotten Light''. Again, it received very negative criticism. A year later Deml started corresponding with Marie Rosa Junová who became his publisher until the year 1948.

World War II

During the World War II Deml did not publish very much and between 1942 and 1945 could not publish at all. In early 1945 the Nazi army occupied Tasov looking for members of the partisan movement. The Nazi's captured several citizens of Tasov and kept them as hostages hoping to get information about the underground. Deml volunteered to be kept as a hostage instead of others, however shortly afterwards the Soviet Army freed the town and all hostages were released. After the war Deml was accused of collaboration with the Nazis, but for lack of evidence he was let go with a small conditional penalty. After 1948, Deml could not publish again.

Last years

In the 1950s Deml's works were yet again banned. Most of his works from this time period are in the form of letters or handwritten works. In January 1961 Deml had to be hospitalized. He was released after a short period but then was hospitalized again and died on 10 February 1961 in the Třebíč hospital.

Main works

Deml became one of the most important Czech authors of the 1920s and 1930s. During his time his works were not very recognized, however he is now being considered a predecessor of modern literary genre, mainly surrealism.

; Poetry

* ', 1933 ay to Remember in Kuks* ', 1934 olitude* ', 193? ong of an Insane Soldier* ', 1935 rincess* ''Jugo'', 193?
* ', 1913 y Friends* ''Miriam'', 1916
* ', 1917 racle* ', 1907–1938 zech poetry* ', 1939 arline Thistle* ', 1946 hrough the Idle Sky* ', 1955 ld Man in Front of a Creche* ', 1960
* ', 1966 post mortem rosted Flowers

; Prose

* ', 1912 astle of Death* ', 1913 or Future Pilgrims* ', 1914 ance of Death* ', 1917–1941 ootprints* ', 1924 eehive* ', 192? rtery* ', 1926 oice Speaks to the Word* ', 1926 ound* ', 1932 eath of Pavla Kytlicová* ', 1932 atholic Dream* ', 1934 orgotten Light* ', 1936 omeland* ', 1937 urder* ', 1938 irdhouses* ', 1991 post mortem utumn Dream

; Essays

* ', 192? okol's Reader* ', 1924 or the Sisters* ', 1928 orks of Felix Jenewcin

; Diaries and Memoires

* ', 1912 ree frog* ', 1913 ome* ', 1931 y Testimony about O. Březina

; Notes

*, so-called 'One-Man-Review', Deml's own periodical with essays, poems, diary notes, letters, pamphlets, tractates etc., published between 1917 and 1941 in 26 volumes.
*Forgotten Light, published 1934 and confiscated by censors for 'obscene moments' – Roman Jakobson in 1996.
* utumn Dream written 1951, published in London 1984, first home edition Prague 1992.

Gallery

Jakub Deml Inscription.jpg, Dedication

Literature

* Alexander Wöll: ''Jakub Deml. Leben und Werk (1878–1961). Eine Studie zur mitteleuropäischen Literatur''. Köln/Weimar/Wien: Böhlau, 2006 (in German with Czech quotations), , .
* Alois Plichta: ''O Jakubu Demlovi'', Ve Vranově nad Dyjí: VOTOBIA, 1993, , .
* Jiří Olič: ''Čtení o Jakubu Demlovi'', Olomouc: VOTOBIA, 1993, , . Biography of Jakub Deml.
* Miloš Dvořák: ''O Jakubu Demolovi'', Praha: Cherm, 2007, , . Collection of studies and critiques about Deml's works by a Czech Catholic literature critic.
* Stanislav Vodička: ''Básník Jakub Deml v Tasově'', Praha: Torst, 2001, , . Book of short prose gives a valuable testimony about Jakub Deml.
* Vladimír Binar: ''Čin a slovo – Kniha o Jakubu Demlovi'', Prague, 2010, . Collection of studies about Deml by a Czech literature historian. Includes Deml's complete bibliography.

External links

Jakub Deml and Tasov (in Czech)Website dedicated to Jakub Deml (in Czech)The Final Resting Place of Jakub Deml

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deml, Jakub
1878 births
1961 deaths
People from Žďár nad Sázavou District
People from the Margraviate of Moravia
20th-century Czech Roman Catholic priests
Czech poets
Czech male poets
Roman Catholic writers