Jakobstad (; fi, Pietarsaari) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
and
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in
Ostrobothnia,
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
. The town has a population of ()
and covers a land area of .
The
population density
Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopul ...
is . Neighboring municipalities are
Larsmo
Larsmo ( fi, Luoto) is a municipality of Finland, located in the Ostrobothnia region.
''Larsmo'' is also the name of one of the villages in the municipality of Larsmo. The municipality is bilingual with Swedish as the majority language and Finn ...
,
Pedersöre
Pedersöre ( fi, Pedersören kunta, before 1989 ) is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Bennäs.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers a ...
, and
Nykarleby
Nykarleby (; fi, Uusikaarlepyy) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality is bilingual, with the majority speaking Swedish () and the minority Finnish ().
The largest employers in the to ...
. The city of
Vaasa
Vaasa (; sv, Vasa, , Sweden ), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki ( sv, Nikolajstad; literally meaning "city of Nicholas), is located southwest of Jakobstad.
Origin of the names
The
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
name literally means ''Jacob's City'' or ''Jacob's Town'', in reference to
Jacob De la Gardie
Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie (Reval, 20 June 1583 – Stockholm, 22 August 1652) was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire, and a Marshal from 1620 onward.
He was Privy Councilor from 1613 onward, Governor o ...
. The town was founded at the old harbour of the parish ''
Pedersöre
Pedersöre ( fi, Pedersören kunta, before 1989 ) is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Bennäs.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers a ...
'' and this name lives on in the Finnish name of the municipality, ''Pietarsaari'', literally ''Peter's Island''.
History
The town was founded in 1652 by
Ebba Brahe
Ebba Magnusdotter Brahe (16 March 1596 – 5 January 1674) was a Swedish countess, landowner, and courtier. She is foremost known for being the love object of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and because he wished to marry her prior to his marria ...
, the widow of the military commander
Jacob De la Gardie
Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie (Reval, 20 June 1583 – Stockholm, 22 August 1652) was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire, and a Marshal from 1620 onward.
He was Privy Councilor from 1613 onward, Governor o ...
, and was granted city privileges by Queen
Christina of Sweden
Christina ( sv, Kristina, 18 December ( New Style) 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death ...
. The town was founded at the old harbour of the parish ''
Pedersöre
Pedersöre ( fi, Pedersören kunta, before 1989 ) is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Bennäs.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of () and covers a ...
''. Pedersöre remains an independent municipality neighbouring Jakobstad.
The city grew slowly at first, with the authorities scarcely promoting any growth. In 1680 the inhabitants were ordered to relocate to the cities of Karleby (
Kokkola
Kokkola (; sv, Karleby, ) is a cities of Finland, town and municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland.
The town is located in the Central Ostrobothnia regions of Finland, region. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of ...
), Uleåborg (
Oulu
Oulu ( , ; sv, Uleåborg ) is a city, municipality and a seaside resort of about 210,000 inhabitants in the region of North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is the most populous city in northern Finland and the fifth most populous in the country after: ...
) and
Nykarleby
Nykarleby (; fi, Uusikaarlepyy) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality is bilingual, with the majority speaking Swedish () and the minority Finnish ().
The largest employers in the to ...
, but the order was rescinded. Wars also contributed to the slow growth, and the city was invaded by Russian troops twice during the
Greater Wrath
The Great Wrath (, in contemporary sources: , 'Era of Russian domination/supremacy'; ) was a period of Finnish history dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation of Finland, then part of the Swedish Empire, from 1714 u ...
, and large parts of the town were burnt to the ground. A majority of the inhabitants fled the city. While those with means moved across the sea to the Swedish side, others took shelter in the forest or in the archipelago. Many were captured or killed. During the 1720s, some of the previous inhabitants returned, while newcomers also added to the population. The subsequent decades were finally marked by a period of growth, and the current church was built in 1731.
The economic foundation was laid in the mid 18th century, with tar manufacturing and tobacco packaging at its centre. Trade started to develop rapidly in Jakobstad as of 1765, when the cities along the Finnish shore of the
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (; fi, Pohjanlahti; sv, Bottniska viken) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast ( East Bothnia) and the Sweden's east coast (West ...
were granted privileges by the Swedish crown to trade directly with foreign countries. This also led to shipbuilding becoming a major activity in Jakobstad. The first ships to sail with goods to foreign countries were the
galeas
A galeas is a type of small trade vessel that was common in the Baltic Sea and North Sea from the 17th to the early 20th centuries. The characteristics of the ships depend somewhat from where the ship originated. Swedish variants had two masts and ...
''
Jacobstads Wapen
The ''Jacobstads Wapen'' is a modern replica of an 18th-century galeas built in Jakobstad, Finland, between 1988 and 1994. She is built according to blueprints by the Swedish warship architect Fredrik Henrik af Chapman dating from 1755, the oldest ...
'' and the
brig
A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the ...
''Enigheten''. Trade and shipbuilding made Jakobstad a wealthy city, and a notable businessman of that time was the merchant and shipbuilder
Adolf Lindskog
Per Adolf Lindskog (1751–1836) was a notable businessman and shipbuilder in Jakobstad at the turn of the 19th century. He was married to ''Anna Catharina Malm'', the daughter of the prominent merchant and shipbuilder ''Niclas Malm''. When his f ...
, who also became one of the richest men in Finland.
![Jakobstad Tobacco Factory 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Jakobstad_Tobacco_Factory_1.jpg)
The early 19th century was a time of upheaval, which saw the
1808–1809 war between
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
and
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, as well as a devastating fire in 1835 that destroyed approximately half of the city. Despite this, the economic progress continued, and a brewery, a matchstick factory and several banks were founded after 1850. In 1859, the merchant and shipowner
Peter Malm
Peter Malm (22 September 1800 – 7 August 1868) was a major ship owner and merchant in Grand Duchy of Finland in the 19th century, and the father of Otto A. Malm.
Life
Born in Jakobstad, Malm moved to Turku, Finland for his studies. He wor ...
started a steam powered sawmill, which was only the second such installation in Finland. The
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia.
Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...
was a major setback to shipping industry, as the British navy puts up an effective blockade and the shipping fleet in Jakobstad during the
Åland War
The Åland War ( fi, Oolannin sota, sv, Åländska kriget) is the Finnish term for the operations of a British-French naval force against military and civilian facilities on the coast of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1854–1856, during the Crime ...
was reduced from 26 ships to 9.
Notable businessmen in the 19th century were
Otto Malm and
Wilhelm Schauman
Berndt Wilhelm Schauman (8 November 1857 – 14 November 1911) was a Finnish industrialist, the most important in Jakobstad at the beginning of the 20th century. He was the older brother of Ossian Schauman, and a member of the Schauman noble fa ...
, the latter founding a chicory (coffee substitute) factory in Jakobstad in 1883. This moment in time is usually considered as the start of industrialization in Jakobstad. In 1900, the
Strengberg tobacco factory was the largest employer in Jakobstad.
An artillery school was located in Jakobstad during the
Finnish civil war
The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil W ...
. During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the city was bombed once by Soviet bomber planes, causing a few casualties. Up until the 1960s, the town was overwhelmingly Swedish speaking, but as a consequence of industrial expansion in the 1960s and 1970s, the need for additional work force caused a large influx of Finnish speakers. The town remains bilingual with being
Swedish
Swedish or ' may refer to:
Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically:
* Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland
** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
and
Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
speakers.
Early industries
During the second half of the 19th century, the city changed from a city of shipping to an industrial city. From 1850 to 1900, the population increased from about 1,500 to over 6,000 inhabitants. The existing factories developed rapidly and new factories were established. Production in the factories was still small-scale. The city produced everything from beer and spirits to soaps and matches. The Finnish-speaking population in the city increased sharply when the tobacco factory expanded and was in great need of labor.
Politics
Results of the
2017 Finnish municipal election in Jakobstad:
Events
On Jul
Jakobsdagaris one of the main summer events which attracts almost every resident in Jakobstad and it is also the best time to see the local population at once. the event goes whole week.
At the end of November a chamber music festival called
Rusk
A rusk is a hard, dry biscuit or a twice-baked bread. It is sometimes used as a teether for babies. In some cultures, rusk is made of cake, rather than bread: this is sometimes referred to as cake rusk. In the UK, the name also refers to a whea ...
is held annually in Pietarsaari/Jakobstad. At the heart of this festival embracing superb
chamber music
Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small numb ...
and various other genres of the arts is the
Schauman Hall Schauman is a Swedo-Finnish noble family introduced in both the Swedish House of Nobility and the Finnish House of Nobility. Originally known as a family of high-ranking soldiers, since the 1800s its representatives have become known in numerous ot ...
in the centre of town, but the events also spread out into the surrounding urban environment.
Culture and sights
![Jakobstad Skata 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Jakobstad_Skata_1.jpg)
*
Jakobstad City Hall
Jakobstad City Hall ( sv, Jakobstads rådhus, fi, Pietarsaaren raatihuone) is a historic building in the city of Jakobstad, Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in ...
(Swedish: Jakobstads rådhus) is a historic building in the city which was completed in 1875. The current look of the building dates from 1890.
*Jakobstad is the home of the
galeas
A galeas is a type of small trade vessel that was common in the Baltic Sea and North Sea from the 17th to the early 20th centuries. The characteristics of the ships depend somewhat from where the ship originated. Swedish variants had two masts and ...
''
Jacobstads Wapen
The ''Jacobstads Wapen'' is a modern replica of an 18th-century galeas built in Jakobstad, Finland, between 1988 and 1994. She is built according to blueprints by the Swedish warship architect Fredrik Henrik af Chapman dating from 1755, the oldest ...
'', a full-scale replica built between 1987 and 1992, based on the original 1755 drawings by Swedish naval architect
Fredrik Henrik af Chapman
Fredrik Henrik af Chapman (9 September 1721 in Gothenburg – 19 August 1808) was a Swedish shipbuilder, scientist and officer in the Swedish navy. He was also manager of the Karlskrona shipyard 1782-1793. Chapman is credited as the world's ...
br>
*
Jakobstad - Pietarsaari Museum
The Jakobstad - Pietarsaari Museum ( sv, Jakobstads museum, fi, Pietarsaaren museo) is a city museum in Jakobstad, Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern ...
is the main museum in the city, concentrating on maritime and ship building history
*The Arctic museum
Nanoq is located outside Jakobstad.
* Chicorymuseum is the only chicorymuseum in Finland. In the former chicory factory from the 19th century visitors can familiarize themselves with the production of chicory, get acquainted with Wilhelm Schaumans early industrial career and also experience authentic old factory conditions. The museum in Pietarsaari will also offer art exhibitions and other events.
*The botanical garden
Skolparken (literally "the school park"), with approximately 1,000 plant species, is renowned both as one of the most northerly botanical gardens in the world and for its classical park architecture. The foundation was laid in 1915 and the park was completed in 1932. The funding was provided by the Schauman family, who wanted to honour the memory of Elise and
Viktor Schauman
Viktor Schauman (1822 – 3 February 1872) was a pharmacist and notable business person and politician from Jakobstad, Finland. He was married to Elise Wilhelmina Schauman and was the father of the industrialist Wilhelm Schauman and Ossian Schauma ...
. The park was designed by the prominent Finnish garden architect
Bengt Schalin
Bengt Michael Schalin (7 January 1889 – 9 November 1982) was a well-known garden architect and botanist in Finland during the 20th century.
Life
Schalin obtained his secondary school diploma in 1907 in Turku and went on to study horticultu ...
.
*
Skata is a protected residential area close to the city centre which dates from 1783. Up until the late 19th century, Skata was home primarily to sailors and their families. As of the 1890s, it transformed into a mainly working class area, providing housing to a large part of the work force employed by the Strengberg tobacco factory.
*
Pedersöre Church
Pedersöre Church ( sv, Pedersöre kyrka, fi, Pedersören kirkko) is a medieval stone church in Jakobstad (Finnish: ''Pietarsaari''). It is one of the oldest medieval churches in Ostrobothnia. The site of the first wooden church was built in the ...
Food
In the 1980s, a rural
liverwurst
Liverwurst, leberwurst, or liver sausage is a kind of sausage made from liver. It is eaten in many parts of Europe, including Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Polan ...
was named traditional food of Jakobstad. The culture of
cafés
A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-caf ...
and
restaurant
A restaurant is a business that prepares and serves food and drinks to customers. Meals are generally served and eaten on the premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services. Restaurants vary greatly in appearan ...
s is lively in Jakobstad anyway, as the Strengberg
tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...
factory was the first Finnish industrial plant to offer lunch to its employees. Jakobstad has ethnic restaurants, home-cooked lunch restaurants,
à la carte
In restaurants, ''à la carte'' (; )) is the practice of ordering individual dishes from a menu in a restaurant, as opposed to ''table d'hôte'', where a set menu is offered. It is an early 19th century loan from French meaning "according t ...
restaurants and cafés,
pub
A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and was ...
s and
nightclub
A nightclub (music club, discothèque, disco club, or simply club) is an entertainment venue during nighttime comprising a dance floor, lightshow, and a stage for live music or a disc jockey (DJ) who plays recorded music.
Nightclubs gener ...
s.
Sports
The town's football team
FF Jaro
FF Jaro is a Finnish football club, based in the bilingual town of Jakobstad. It currently plays in ''Ykkönen''. Home matches are played at the Jakobstads Centralplan.
Current squad
''Updated 7 March, 2022.''
Managem ...
currently plays in
Ykkönen
''Ykkönen'' (Finnish for 'Number One'; sv, Ettan) is the second highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga), although it is the highest league managed by the Football Association of Finland. The teams also play ...
, the second league in Finland. The woman's league football club FC United has been very successful over the years.
Twin towns – sister cities
Jakobstad is
twinned with:
*
Asker
Asker ( no, Asker), properly called Askerbygda in Norwegian, is a district and former Municipalities of Norway, municipality in Akershus, Norway. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker, Viken (also known as Greate ...
, Norway
*
Bünde
Bünde (Low German ''Buine'') is a town in the Herford district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Bünde is situated between Osnabrück (west), Hannover (east) and Bielefeld (south).
Waterways
The town is crossed from west to east ...
, Germany
*
Eslöv
Eslöv (; older da, Eslev) is a town and the seat of Eslöv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 19,598 inhabitants as of 2018.
Eslöv is part of the Öresund Region.
History
According to a map from 1717, Eslöv village was originally l ...
, Sweden
*
Garðabær
Garðabær () is a municipality in the Capital Region of Iceland.
History
Garðabær is a growing town in the Capital Region. It is the sixth largest town in Iceland with a population of 13,872 (Sept 1, 2013).
The site of Garðabær has been inha ...
, Iceland
*
Jamestown, United States
*
Jūrmala
Jūrmala (; "seaside") is a state city in Latvia, about west of Riga. Jūrmala is a resort town stretching and sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River. It has a stretch of white-sand beach, and a population of 49,325 in 2019 ...
, Latvia
*
Rudersdal, Denmark
Notable people
![J](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/J._L._Runeberg_1849.jpg)
*
Alexei Eremenko Jr., footballer
*
Roman Eremenko
Roman Alekseyevich Eremenko (russian: Роман Алексеевич Ерёменко; born 19 March 1987) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder who plays for HIFK in the Veikkausliiga.
Eremenko is best known for hi ...
, footballer
*
Sara Forsberg
Sara Maria Forsberg (born 2 May 1994), known professionally as SAARA (formerly Smo, Smoukahontas, or Smokahontas), is a Finnish singer, songwriter, YouTube personality, and television presenter. As a singer, Forsberg was signed to Capitol Record ...
, singer, actress, and comedian
*
Bertel Jung
(Axel) Bertel Jung (11 July 1872 — 12 May 1946) was a Finnish architect and urban planner, notable as Finland's first official zoning architect and a pioneer in the field of city planning.
Early life and education
Axel Bertel Jung was born i ...
, architect and urban planner
*
Mathias "Vreth" Lillmåns, singer of Finnish metal band
Finntroll
Finntroll is a Finnish metal band from Helsinki that combines elements of black metal and folk metal. Finntroll's lyrics are mostly in Swedish, the only exception being the song "Madon Laulu" on ''Visor om slutet''. Finntroll's original singer, ...
*
Karl and his son Walter Nars, industrialists
*
Fredrik Norrena
Fredrik Jan Elis Norrena (born November 29, 1973) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 100 games in the National Hockey League with the Columbus Blue Jackets between 2006 and 2008. The rest of his career, which lasted ...
, ice-hockey player (goalkeeper)
*
Jens Portin, footballer
*
Jonas Portin
Jonas Lennart Portin (born 30 September 1986) is a Finnish former footballer who played as a defender. Portin had represented Ascoli and Padova of Serie B, the second-tier league of football in Italy.
Club career
Jaro
Portin started his seni ...
, footballer
*
Fredrika Runeberg, writer
*
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
Johan Ludvig Runeberg (; 5 February 1804 – 6 May 1877) was a Finnish priest, lyric and epic poet. He wrote exclusively in Swedish. He is considered a national poet of Finland. He is the author of the lyrics to (''Our Land'', ''Maamme'' in Fin ...
, national poet and author of
the national anthem of Finland
*
Tomas Sandström
Tomas Sandström (born September 4, 1964) is a Finnish-born Swedish former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1984 to 1999. Born in Finland, Sandström grew up in Fagersta, Sweden. A skille ...
, ice-hockey player
*
Ossian Schauman
Julius Ossian Schauman (30 March 1862 – 6 February 1922) was one of the founders of the Swedish-speaking non-governmental organization ''Folkhälsan'', which provides social welfare and health care services in Finland. He was also the younger b ...
, founder of the Swedish-speaking non-governmental organization
Folkhälsan
Samfundet Folkhälsan, or in short Folkhälsan (literally "Public Health"), is a non-governmental organization based in Finland. It is active in advocating social welfare and health care for the Swedish speakers of Finland. The organization carri ...
*
Magnus Schjerfbeck
Magnus Schjerfbeck (24 July 1860 — 8 May 1933) was a Finnish architect and architectural historian.
Education
Schjerfbeck studied at the Polytechnical Institute of Finland (later Helsinki University of Technology, now part of Aalto Universit ...
, architect
*
Simon Skrabb
Simon Skrabb (born 19 January 1995) is a Finnish footballer who plays for Swedish Allsvenskan side Kalmar FF and the Finland national team.
Club career
Jaro
On 12 May 2011, he became the youngest player to score a goal in a Veikkausliiga matc ...
, footballer
*
Philip Ulric Strengberg, prominent businessman and majority owner of the local tobacco factory in the 19th century
*
Heidi Sundblad-Halme
Heidi Gabriella Wilhelmina Sundblad-Halme (25 September 1903 – 30 April 1973) was a Finnish composer and conductor who founded the Helsinki Women’s Orchestra and conducted it for 30 years.
Career
Sundblad-Halme was born in Jakobstad, where her ...
, composer and founder of the Helsinki Women’s Orchestra
See also
*
Kristinestad
Kristinestad (, Sweden ; fi, Kristiinankaupunki ; la, Christinea) is a town and a municipality in Finland. It is located in the western part of Finland on the shore of the Bothnian Sea. The population of Kristinestad is () and the municipality ...
References
External links
*
*
Town of Jakobstad– Official site
Österbottens Tidning– Local newspaper
Jakobs Dagar Chicorymuseum- Chicorymuseum
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Finland
Grand Duchy of Finland
1652 establishments in Sweden
Populated places established in 1652