Jakob (or Jacob) Heine (April 16, 1800,
Lauterbach,
Black Forest
The Black Forest (german: Schwarzwald ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is t ...
, Germany – November 12, 1879,
Cannstatt
Bad Cannstatt, also called Cannstatt (until July 23, 1933) or Kannstadt (until 1900), is one of the outer stadtbezirke, or city boroughs, of Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Bad Cannstatt is the oldest and most populous of Stuttgart's ...
, Germany) was a German
orthopaedist. He is most famous for his 1840 study into
polio
Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe s ...
myelitis, which was the first medical report on the disease, and the first time the illness was recognised as a clinical entity. Poliomyelitis is often known as ''Heine-Medin disease'', after the work of Heine and
Karl Oskar Medin.
Heine studied classical languages and theology before turning to medicine, a decision influenced by his uncle,
Johann Georg Heine
Johann Georg Heine (April 3, 1771 – September 7, 1838) was a German orthopedic mechanic and physician. He is considered the father of Orthopedics in Germany.
From cutler to orthopedic mechanic
Heine was born in Lauterbach on April 3, 1771, ...
, who owned an orthopaedic institute in
Würzburg
Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River.
Würzburg ...
. He was awarded a doctorate in 1827. In the 1830s, Jakob Heine opened an orthopaedic institution in
Cannstatt
Bad Cannstatt, also called Cannstatt (until July 23, 1933) or Kannstadt (until 1900), is one of the outer stadtbezirke, or city boroughs, of Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Bad Cannstatt is the oldest and most populous of Stuttgart's ...
near
Stuttgart and served as director there until 1865. In his institution patients from all over Europe were treated. Heine's special interests were
scoliosis,
clubfeet and
paralysis of arms and legs. He also used washings and gymnastics as a therapy.
One of the sons he had with his wife Henriette Ludovike Camerer (1807–1884, married in 1831) was
Carl Wilhelm Heine (1838–1877), one of the most famous European
surgeons of the 19th century.
An honorary citizen of Cannstatt, Heine received the titles of ''Court counselor'' and ''Privy counselor'', and was raised to the nobility with the
Württemberg
Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart.
Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württ ...
ian Order of the Crown.
Heine was also honoured at
Warm Springs, Georgia
Warm Springs is a city in Meriwether County, Georgia, United States. The population was 425 at the 2010 census.
History
Warm Springs, originally named Bullochville (after the Bulloch family, which began after Stephen Bullock moved to Meriwethe ...
, USA, where his bronze bust can be found along with those of other polio experts and US president
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
in the
Polio Hall of Fame
The Polio Hall of Fame (or the Polio Wall of Fame) consists of a linear grouping of sculptured busts of fifteen scientists and two laymen who made important contributions to the knowledge and treatment of poliomyelitis. It is found on the outside w ...
.
Further reading
*Hans Hekler: ''Jakob Heine. Vom König geadelt und in aller Welt geehrt''. In: D’Kräz (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt und Raumschaft Schramberg), Heft 10, Schramberg 1990
also PDF online
*Heinz Hansen: ''Die Orthopädenfamilie Heine. Leben und Wirken der einzelnen Familienmitglieder im Zeichen einer bedeutenden deutschen Familientradition des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts''. doctoral thesis, Dresden 1993.
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heine, Jakob
German orthopedic surgeons
1800 births
1879 deaths
Polio