The Jaipur Metro(Hindi: जयपुर मेट्रो) is a
rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be c ...
system in the city of
Jaipur
Jaipur (; Hindi Language, Hindi: ''Jayapura''), formerly Jeypore, is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Rajasthan. , the city had a pop ...
,
Rajasthan
Rajasthan (; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northern India. It covers or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern si ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. Construction on the mostly elevated part of the first line, called Phase 1A, comprising of route from
Mansarovar
Lake Manasarovar (Sanskrit: मानसरोवर), also called Mapam Yutso (;) locally, is a high altitude freshwater lake fed by the Kailash Glaciers near Mount Kailash in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The l ...
to Chandpole Bazaar,
started in November 2010, and was completed in 2014. The Jaipur Metro began commercial service between
Chandpole and
Mansarovar
Lake Manasarovar (Sanskrit: मानसरोवर), also called Mapam Yutso (;) locally, is a high altitude freshwater lake fed by the Kailash Glaciers near Mount Kailash in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The l ...
on 3 June 2015.
The Jaipur Metro Rail system is
India's sixth metro rail system after those in
Kolkata
Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
,
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
,
Bangalore
Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...
,
Gurugram
Gurgaon (pronunciation: ʊɽɡãːw, officially named Gurugram (pronunciation: ʊɾʊɡɾaːm, is a city located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about southwest of the nationa ...
and
Mumbai
Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...
.
The Jaipur Metro is the first metro in India to run on triple-storey elevated road and metro track. Phase 1-B, from Chandpole to
Badi Chaupar, began operation on 23 September 2020.
[
]
History
Background
With the rapid industrialization and commercial development of Jaipur, teamed with a growing population, the transport infrastructure of the city was found to be overburdened. As a result, the government mulled over establishment of Jaipur Metro on the lines of Delhi Metro
The Delhi Metro is a mass rapid transit (MRT) system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh, in the National Capital Region of India. The network consists of 10 colour-cod ...
which had proved to be a great success.
JMRC Ltd.
The ''Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.'', abbreviated to JMRC, is a state-owned
State ownership, also called government ownership and public ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community, as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownersh ...
company that operates the Jaipur Metro. The Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. was created on 1 January 2010 BY MR AJAY GHOSH serving as the MANGING DIRECTOR.
Among the Rapid Transit systems of India, it has been recorded fastest to conduct of trial run after starting construction, when it commenced trial runs in Jaipur on 18 September 2013 flagged off by the then Chief Minister of Rajasthan
The chief minister of Rajasthan is the head of government, chief executive of the Indian state of Rajasthan. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the Governors of states of India, governor is a state's ''de jure'' head, but ''de facto' ...
Shri Ashok Gehlot
Ashok Gehlot (born 3 May 1951) politician serving as the current Chief Minister of Rajasthan. He held this position from December 1998 to 2003, and from 2008 to 2013, and again from 17 December 2018. He represents Sardarpura constituency of Jo ...
.
Construction
Physical construction work on the Jaipur Metro started on 24 February 2011. JMRC consulted the DMRC on rapid transit operation and construction techniques.
The first line of the Jaipur Metro was opened to public by Vasundhara Raje
Vasundhara Raje Scindia (born 8 March 1953) is an Indian politician, who has held two terms as the chief minister of Rajasthan. She was previously a minister in the Union Cabinet of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was India's first Minister of Micro, ...
, the Chief Minister of Rajasthan
The chief minister of Rajasthan is the head of government, chief executive of the Indian state of Rajasthan. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the Governors of states of India, governor is a state's ''de jure'' head, but ''de facto' ...
, on 3 June 2015, and thus, it became the sixth rapid transit system in India. Phase 1-B of the project started operating on 23 September 2020.
Network
The Jaipur Metro is being built in 2 phases. Phase I consists of the Pink Line and Phase II consists of the Orange Line. Currently, the Orange Line is under construction. The implementation of ''Phase 1A'' of the project (Mansarover to Chandpole having the length of about 9.63 km) including the civil works, permanent way, depot and traction and power supply, etc. was being managed by DMRC. Phase I-A completed 9 stations and of route length, of which is underground and is elevated.
The remainder of the first line, Phase I-B 2 stations got completed by 23 September 2020. Phase II (, 20 stations) is planned to be completed by 2021. With the completion of Phases 1 and II, the network will span and 31 stations.
Pink Line
The first route of Jaipur Metro (East-West Corridor) connect Mansarovar
Lake Manasarovar (Sanskrit: मानसरोवर), also called Mapam Yutso (;) locally, is a high altitude freshwater lake fed by the Kailash Glaciers near Mount Kailash in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The l ...
to Badi Chaupar via Civil Lines and Chandpole. In Phase I-A, the metro was operating between Mansarovar to Chandpole. The construction of Phase-1B between Chandpole and Badi Chaupar is completed.
This is the Metro line that got flagged off on 5 June 2015, and has been named as Pink Line, as it takes passengers to the ''Pink City''. The depot for this line is situated at Mansarovar
Lake Manasarovar (Sanskrit: मानसरोवर), also called Mapam Yutso (;) locally, is a high altitude freshwater lake fed by the Kailash Glaciers near Mount Kailash in Burang County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The l ...
.
Jaipur Metro was planned to be built in phases. Phase-1A (9.63 km) was completed in 2014, and Phase-1B was completed in 2020 and Phase II is scheduled for completion in 2020.
Phase 1B
The Pink Line was realized with the completion of Phase 1B (, 2 stations), which is got completed in September 2020.[ The tunnel excavation work between Chandpole and Badi Chaipar completed in August 2017, civil work to complete by October 2019. Trial running completed in January 2020. On 23 September 2020 it has been opened to public. It now completes the Pink Line. Details of the line are:
]
Phase 1C
For Phase 1C, Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation (JMRC) plans to extend the Pink Line from Badi Chaupar to Transport Nagar. For the same, the corporation has prepared a detailed project report (DPR) of Phase 1C by taking public suggestions. According to the DPR, the estimated project cost will be Rs 856 crore, including cost of land and taxes, The total length of the project will be 2.85 km (2.26 km Underground and 0.59 km Elevated). This project is expected to be completed till March 2025 if the construction takes place. Once constructed, the estimated ridership between the entire stretch, Mansarovar to Transport Nagar, will be over 1.38 lakh till 2031.
Phase 1D
For Phase 1D, Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation (JMRC) plans to extend the Pink Line from Mansarovar to Ajmer Road. For the same, the corporation is preparing a detailed project report (DPR) of Phase 1D by taking public suggestions.
Phase 2
Phase 2 (North-South Corridor) which is scheduled for completion in 2021. The Orange Line will be and serve 20 stations when complete. This will connect Sitapura Industrial Area in the South to Ambabari in the North via Ajmeri Gate and MI Road. The tracks will be elevated between Sitapura and Ajmeri Gate and then will go underground. There might be some changes in plan before actual construction starts on these lines.
Current route
, with the completion and the beginning of operations of Phase 1, the Jaipur Metro network comprises 1 line, serving 11 metro stations and operating on a total route length of .
Finances
Estimated cost of the east–west corridor of the Jaipur Metro is . The state government would be directly funding while the rest would be borne by other wings of state urban development and housing departments.
The Phase-II is expected to cost crore for which government is mulling over PPP mode.
Operations
A concession for operation and maintenance of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 is to be let on PPP basis.
Trains operate at a frequency of 10 to 15 minutes between 6:45 and 21:00 depending peak and off-peak time. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speed up to , and stop for about 20–40 seconds at each station. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as Parking lot, ATMs and mobile recharge. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. The metro also has a sophisticated fire alarm system
A fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-related or general notification emergency, emergencies are detected. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors and heat detectors or may also ...
for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations. Navigation information will sooner be available on Google Transit
Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panoramic views of streets ( Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and rou ...
. The first coach of every train is reserved for women.
Security
The responsibility of security of Jaipur Metro has been entrusted to Rajasthan Police
The Rajasthan Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Rajasthan in India. The Rajasthan Police has its headquarters in Jaipur, the state capital. The motto of the force is "committed to serve".
History
History of Law enforceme ...
. A strength of 789 police personnel has been sanctioned for security and policing of Jaipur Metro. Latest security equipments have been provided at all Metro Stations. Closed-circuit cameras from IndigoVision are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by Rajasthan Police and Jaipur Metro authorities at their respective control rooms. In addition metal detectors
A metal detector is an instrument that detects the nearby presence of metal. Metal detectors are useful for finding metal objects on the surface, underground, and under water. The unit itself, consist of a control box, and an adjustable shaft, ...
, X-ray
An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
baggage inspection systems, and dog squads are also deployed which are used to secure the system. Each of the underground stations has about 45 to 50 cameras installed while the elevated stations have about 16 to 20 cameras each. The monitoring of these cameras is done by the Rajasthan Police, which is in charge of security of the Metro, as well as the Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation. Intercom
An intercom, also called an intercommunication device, intercommunicator, or interphone, is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings which functions independently of the public telephon ...
s are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the train operator. Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations.
Ticketing & Recharge
For the convenience of customers, Jaipur Metro commuters have three choices for ticket purchase. The RFID
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromag ...
tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the distance travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from to . Fares are calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare chart and it also depends on peak rush in Metro. Travel cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters. They are valid for three years from the date of purchase or the date of last recharge, and are available in denominations of to . 10%-15% discount is given on travels made on it depending on actual fare. A deposit of needs to be made to buy a new card which is refundable on the return of the card any time before its expiry if the card is not physically damaged. Tourist cards can be used for unlimited travel on the Jaipur Metro network over short periods of time. There are two kinds of tourist cards valid for one and three days respectively. The cost of a one-day card is and that of a three-day card is , besides a refundable deposit of that must be paid at the time of purchasing the card.
Jaipur Metro also has introduced a Combo Card. JMRC has already entered into a MoU with HDFC Bank
HDFC Bank Limited (also known as HDB) is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. It is India's largest private sector bank by assets and world's 10th largest bank by market capitalisation . It is the third lar ...
and accordingly co-branded Combo Cards will be issued by HDFC Bank which will be used on Jaipur Metro system just like Daily Commuter Smart Cards issued by Jaipur Metro.
Rolling stock
The Metro uses standard gauge
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in Ea ...
rolling stock. Trains are maintained at Mansarovar Deport for Pink Line. In December 2011 BEML
BEML Limited, formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited, is an Indian Public Sector Undertaking, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It manufactures a variety of heavy equipment, such as that used for earth moving, railways, transport and ...
was awarded a contract to supply 10 four-car trains for Phase 1. The Jaipur Metro plans to lengthen the trains later to 6 coaches as the traffic increases. BEML expects a follow-on order worth
Thus these rolling stocks are said to be indigenous and are manufactured by BEML at its factory in Bangalore. The trains are four-car consists with a capacity of 1506 commuters per train, accommodating 50 seated and 292 standing passengers in each coach. These trains will have CCTV cameras in and outside the coaches, power supply connections inside coaches to charge mobiles and laptops, humidity control, microprocessor-controlled disc brakes, and will be capable of maintaining an average speed of over a distance of .
Trains on the metro operate at a maximum speed of , and an average speed of . Maximum speed is limited to at curves.
Signalling and Telecommunication
The Jaipur Metro uses cab signalling
Cab signaling is a railway safety system that communicates track status and condition information to the cab, crew compartment or driver's compartment of a locomotive, railcar or multiple unit. The information is continually updated giving an ...
along with a centralised automatic train control
Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. For example, a system could effect an emergency brake application if the driver do ...
system consisting of Automatic Train Protection
Automatic train protection (ATP) is a type of train protection system which continually checks that the speed of a train is compatible with the permitted speed allowed by signalling, including automatic stop at certain signal aspects. If it is ...
and automatic train signalling modules. Jaipur Metro has proposed that it will have automatic train operation also in future. A 380 MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from Cassidian
Airbus Defence and Space is the division of Airbus SE responsible for the development and manufacturing of the corporation's defence and space products, while also providing related services. The division was formed in January 2014 during the ...
is used on all lines to carry both voice and data information. An integrated system comprising optical fibre cable
A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with ...
, on-train radio, CCTV, and a centralised clock and public address system
A public address system (or PA system) is an electronic system comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related equipment. It increases the apparent volume (loudness) of a human voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic sound sou ...
is used for telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that fe ...
during train operations as well as emergencies.
Environment and aesthetics
A major advantage of metro is that it reduces per person carbon emission by a very significant amount.
Jaipur Metro has been decorated by the artwork of heritage wall of Jaipur inside and outside of the Metro. Metro stations also have the same kind of artwork.
Controversies
On 10 March 2011, the Rajasthan High Court issued show cause notices to state authorities, JMRC, and JDA's land acquisition officer, on petition by some shop owners from Station Road, asking them to justify the Jaipur Metro Project, as petitioners alleged no proper survey was done before construction of the Pink Line began.
There were some accidents at the Metro project site, injuring laborers and passers-by, attracting criticism for lack of security measures. In one incident, an 18 feet wall collapsed killing two men. A case was registered against the firm DSC Limited which was involved in construction. There were reports of heightened fears among people that sub-letting of the work by the major contractors could be compromising the safety standards.
The Phase I-B of Jaipur Metro has recently come up with huge uproar because its construction can result in risks to some UNESCO World Heritage Sites
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
, including Hawa Mahal
The Hawa Mahal is a palace in the city of Jaipur, India. Built from red and pink sandstone, it is on the edge of the City Palace, Jaipur, and extends to the ''Zenana'', or women's chambers.
The structure was built in 1799 by the Maharaja Sawai ...
, Jantar Mantar
A Jantar Mantar ( Hindustani pronunciation: ͡ʒən̪t̪ər mən̪t̪ər is an assembly of stone-built astronomical instruments, designed to be used with the naked eye. There were five Jantar Mantars in India, all of them built at the com ...
and Isarlat Swargasuli Tower. As per JMRC data, the stretch from Chandpole to Badi Chaupar, which lies in the Walled City of Jaipur, is just long. Construction on this section of the Pink Line would have costed .
Phase I-B is also not in accordance with Jaipur's archaeological laws, which states that any kind of digging/tunneling work in the vicinity of heritage sites is not allowed. The Badi Chaupar and Choti Chaupar have already been removed for Metro work. According to the archaeological laws, whoever destroys, injures, mutilates, defaces, alters, removes, disperses, misuses, imperils or allows to fall into decay a protected monument, or removes from a protected monument any sculpture, carving image, bas-relief, inscription or other like object, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months with a fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both.
The project also caused huge losses of business activities of shopkeepers, as the city's market will remain either closed or operative in barricades only.
Network Map
See also
References
Further reading
Revised Detailed Project Report on Jaipur Metro by DMRC
Jaipur Metro A Brief Note on the Project
External links
Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
{{coord missing, Rajasthan
Transport in Jaipur
Standard gauge railways in India
2015 establishments in Rajasthan
25 kV AC railway electrification