Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón (born 28 December 1957), sometimes referred to by his nickname "''El Bronco''", is a Mexican politician. He served as the
Governor of Nuevo León from 2015 to 2021 and was a candidate in the
2018 presidential election.
Born in Ejido Pablillo,
Galeana,
Nuevo León
Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...
, Rodríguez earned a degree in
agricultural engineering at the UANL. He joined the
Institutional Revolutionary Party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, , PRI) is a List of political parties in Mexico, political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM) and fin ...
(PRI) in 1980 and served as a federal deputy from 1991 to 1994, local deputy from 1997 to 2000, and mayor of
García, Nuevo León from 2009 to 2012, where he was best known for his hard-line stance against organized crime. In 2014, Rodríguez left the PRI and participated in the
2015 gubernatorial election as an
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in Pennsylvania, United States
* Independentes (English: Independents), a Portuguese artist ...
candidate, receiving half the votes and becoming the first independent candidate to win a governorship in
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
.
In 2017, he requested a temporary leave of absence from the governorship to become an independent candidate in the
2018 presidential election. He lost to
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican former politician, political scientist, public administrator and writer who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He se ...
, only attaining 5% of the popular vote.
Early life and education
Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón was born on 28 December 1957, in Ejido Pablillo, a small town in the municipality of
Galeana,
Nuevo León
Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...
. He was the fourth of ten children born to farmers Rodulfo Rodríguez and Basilisa Calderón.
He attended primary school at ''Escuadrón 201'' in Ejido Pablillo, secondary school at ''Miguel Hidalgo'' in Galeana, and high school at Preparatoria 4 of the
Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Rodríguez majored in
agricultural engineering at the UANL and graduated in 1982.
While attending university, he led a student movement protesting the increase in public transportation fares. The movement successfully secured the establishment of a special transportation subsidy for students from Governor
Alfonso Martínez Domínguez.
Early political career
In 1980, he joined the
Institutional Revolutionary Party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, , PRI) is a List of political parties in Mexico, political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM) and fin ...
(PRI). During
Jorge Treviño Martínez's term as governor of Nuevo León, Rodríguez served as the head of the state's forestry program. In 1990, he was appointed secretary of the Youth Action division of the National Peasant Confederation (CNC).
Rodríguez was nominated by the PRI as a candidate to the
Congress of the Union
The Congress of the Union (, ), formally known as the General Congress of the United Mexican States (''Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos''), is the legislature of the federal government of Mexico. It consists of two chambers: t ...
representing the
5th district of
Nuevo León
Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...
in the
1991 legislative election. He was elected as a federal deputy and served in the
LV Legislature of the Mexican Congress from 1 November 1991 to 31 October 1994.
Rodríguez was elected as a local deputy in the
Congress of Nuevo León, representing the PRI for the state's 10th district, from 1 November 1997 to 31 October 2000.
In the 2000 local elections of Nuevo León, he ran as the PRI candidate for the mayor of
Guadalupe, Nuevo León
Guadalupe is a city and surrounding municipality located in the state of Nuevo León, in northern Mexico. It is part of the Greater Monterrey Metropolitan area.
The municipality of Guadalupe, which lies adjacent to the east side of Monterrey, al ...
, but was defeated by the
National Action Party nominee, .
Mayor of García
He was the Institutional Revolutionary Party's candidate for mayor of García, Nuevo León, in the 2009 state elections. He was elected with 46.2% of the vote, beating the PAN candidate who came in second with 35.5% of the vote. "El Bronco" governed the municipality from 1 November 2009, to 31 October 2012.
Four days after taking office, on 4 November 2009, his Secretary of Public Security, Juan Arturo Esparza García, and his bodyguards were murdered by an armed group. In response, Rodríguez Calderón decided to purge the municipal police force amid suspicions that some of its members were complicit in the murder.
Assassination attempts
During his tenure as mayor of García, he survived three assassination attempts during the tenure, Rodríguez was the target of violent attacks by Los Zetas. As mayor, he fought to reduce crime in the municipality. The 2013 documentary El Bronco sin Miedo (The Fearless Bronco) portrayed the attacks. He also invested in education and social development programs in García.
2015 gubernatorial campaign
Candidate registration
On 14 September 2014, Rodríguez left the
Institutional Revolutionary Party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, , PRI) is a List of political parties in Mexico, political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM) and fin ...
(PRI) with the intention of running as an independent candidate for the governorship of the state of Nuevo León. He cited disappointment with rising corruption within the PRI and the lack of confidence the Nuevo León public had in establishment parties like the PRI and the
National Action Party (PAN).
Rodríguez formally registered his candidacy with the State Electoral Commission on 3 December 2014. To qualify for the election, he needed to demonstrate the support of at least 3% of the state's electoral roll, equivalent to 103,000 signatures. By the end of the signature collection period, he had gathered 334,000 signatures, representing 9.7% of the state's electoral roll.
Gubernatorial election

Rodríguez highlighted the inequality in the distribution of campaign budgets, noting that independent candidates received significantly less funding than party-affiliated candidates. He received only 383,329 pesos for his campaign, whereas the PRI and PAN candidates received 60 million and 50 million pesos, respectively. Due to this, Rodríguez launched a digital platform in order to raise funds for his campaign.
On 20 April, during the first gubernatorial debate, Raúl Guajardo Cantú of the
Social Encounter Party endorsed Rodríguez and withdrew from the race. On 21 May,
Fernando Elizondo Barragán, former acting governor of Nuevo León and the gubernatorial candidate for
Citizens' Movement, also withdrew and endorsed Rodríguez.
On 7 June 2015, Rodríguez was elected
Governor of Nuevo León in a landslide victory, securing 48.82% of the vote and defeating his nearest opponent, the PRI's
Ivonne Álvarez, by 24.97 points. He became the first independent candidate to win a governorship in
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
.
Governor of Nuevo León (2015–2021)
Rodríguez became Governor of Nuevo León on 4 October 2015.
Rodríguez requested a six-month leave of absence, effective 1 January 2018, in order to run for president in the 2018 election. On 22 December 2017, the
Congress of Nuevo León approved the leave, designating as interim governor. Following his loss in the presidential election, on 2 July, Rodríguez became governor again.
Infrastructure
Metrorrey
Rodríguez continued the construction of
Line 3, which was completed in 2019 but remained inoperable due to the lack of rolling stock. In December 2019, it was announced that
CRRC
CRRC Corporation Limited (known as CRRC) is a Chinese state-owned and publicly traded rolling stock manufacturer. It is the world's largest rolling stock manufacturer in terms of revenue, eclipsing its major competitors of Alstom and Siemens. ...
would manufacture 26 train cars, and the line eventually became operational in February 2021.
Rodríguez's administration also terminated free Sunday services and acquired 24 reconditioned train cars for
Lines 1 and
2. Although a gradual fare increase was proposed—raising fares by 10 cents each month until reaching MXN $9 in November 2021—the plan was later scrapped in 2020. The governor cited the lower cost of acquiring the reconditioned train cars as the reason for maintaining the current fare.
Crisis management
COVID-19 pandemic response
On 11 March 2020, the state government confirmed the first positive case of
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...
in Nuevo León. On 17 March, Rodríguez announced the closure of movie theaters, casinos, party rooms, and parks. He also confirmed that in-person classes for preschool and primary school would be suspended and moved to ''Canal 28 Nuevo León'', a state-owned TV channel. In response to rising cases, on 25 April, the administration suspended public transportation services on Sundays and reduced operating hours for the remaining weekdays.
In March 2020, Rodríguez joined
Miguel Ángel Riquelme Solís, governor of
Coahuila
Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. The largest city and State Capital is the city of Saltillo; the second largest is Torreón and the thi ...
, and
Francisco García Cabeza de Vaca, governor of
Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is a state in Mexico; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities.
It is located in nor ...
, in forming the ''Coordinación Noreste COVID-19'' (in English: Northeastern Coordination COVID-19).
The governors agreed to establish a
sanitary fence around each of their states and criticized the lack of federal funds to combat the pandemic.
In early April 2020, the governors decided to
cremate bodies whose cause of death was COVID-19, a move that was criticized by the
Secretariat of the Interior.
Rodríguez often published memes on social media designed to raise awareness about COVID-19, encourage the use of face masks, and incentivize people to get vaccinated.
Claims of lack of news media coverage
On 11 September 2016, during a live broadcast of "''Monterrey al Día''",
Televisa
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B., simply known as Televisa, is a Mexican telecommunications and broadcasting company. A major Latin American mass media corporation, it often presents itself as the largest producer of Spanish-language content.
In April ...
news reporter Karla Minaya was overheard saying, "We have to ensure that the governor is mentioned as little as possible." The incident was captured on video and published by the Mexican newspaper ''
El Universal'', gaining national media attention.
Rodríguez's predecessor,
Rodrigo Medina de la Cruz, reportedly spent MXN $4 billion on bribing television news outlets, including Televisa, to improve his public image. In contrast, Rodríguez vowed not to spend any public funds on media coverage. He claimed that Televisa and other major networks, such as
Multimedios and
TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, S.A.B. de C.V., commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as so ...
, deliberately minimize or negatively bias their coverage of his administration due to his refusal to pay for favorable reporting. Rodríguez cited examples of his administration's successes, such as recovering 229 out of 314 reported stolen cars and dismantling a car theft ring, which he claimed went unreported by these media outlets due to his policy against bribery.
2018 presidential campaign
Rodríguez's bid to run in the 2018 presidential election, again as an independent, initially didn't reach the required number of 866,593 signatures to appear on the ballot, with only 849,937 being deemed valid by the
National Electoral Institute
The Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE) (Spanish for ''National Electoral Institute'') (formerly Federal Electoral Institute) (, IFE) is an autonomous, public agency responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico, that is, those relat ...
, but his attorney
Javier Náñez Pro appealed to the
Federal Electoral Tribunal
The Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary ( or ) is a venue within the judiciary of Mexico specializing in electoral matters. Among its functions are resolving disputes arising within federal elections and certifying the validity of t ...
, which ordered the National Electoral Institute to register him as a candidate.
During a debate in April, Rodríguez said: "We have to cut off the hands of those who rob. It's that simple." As a result, Rodríguez was trending ahead of the other candidates on Twitter during the debate.
Rodríguez later proposed to bring back the
death penalty
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in s ...
(which was officially abolished in Mexico in 2005 and last used by the Mexican government in 1961) for
drug traffickers,
hijackers,
infanticide
Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants or offspring. Infanticide was a widespread practice throughout human history that was mainly used to dispose of unwanted children, its main purpose being the prevention of re ...
s, and
serial killer
A serial killer (also called a serial murderer) is a person who murders three or more people,An offender can be anyone:
*
*
*
*
* (This source only requires two people) with the killings taking place over a significant period of time in separat ...
s.
According to exit polls, Rodríguez Calderón only attained about 5% of the vote and recognized
Andrés Manuel López Obrador's victory within an hour of the polls closing.
On 25 September 2019, the Federal Electoral Tribunal approved the validity of sanctioning Rodríguez Calderón for using 572 state employees to gather signatures for his 2018 candidacy. They also approved an MXN 153,384 (U.S. $7,800) fine for using public resources to promote his 2014–2015 campaign for governor. Rodríguez plans to appeal to the
Supreme Court (SCJN).
Personal life
Jaime Rodríguez Calderón has had six children and has been married three times. His first wife was María Eugenia Gutiérrez, with whom he had two children: Zoraida and Jaime Lizenco Rodríguez Gutiérrez; she was killed in October 2009 in a vehicular accident while being pursued by criminals. His second marriage was with Silvia Mireya González, with whom he had his daughter Jimena Rodríguez González. His third marriage was on 25 January 2006 with Adalina Dávalos Martínez, with whom he has had three children: Valentina, Victoria and Emiliano; he also adopted Alejandro, a son of his current wife from another relationship.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodriguez Calderon, Jaime
1957 births
Living people
Autonomous University of Nuevo León alumni
Governors of Nuevo León
Mexican political people
Candidates in the 2018 Mexican presidential election
Independent politicians in Mexico
Members of the Congress of Nuevo León
Municipal presidents in Nuevo León
Populism in Mexico
Right-wing populists