Jafarqoli or Jafarqulu Khan Donboli ( fa, جعفرقلی خان دنبلی) was the last

khan Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan *Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...

of the

Khoy Khanate The Khoy Khanate, also known as the Principality of Donboli, was a hereditary Kurdish khanate around Khoy and Salmas in Iran ruled by the Donboli tribe from 1210 until 1799. The khanate has been described as the most powerful khanate in the regi ...

from 1798 to 1799 and penultimate Khan of Shaki from 1806 to 1814.

Background

He was born to either Sahbaz Khan Donboli as their second son in

Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest city ...

. He was from Donbolis, a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

tribe.

Ahmad Khan Donboli Ahmad Khan Donboli ( fa, احمد خان دنبلی) was the second khan of the Khoy Khanate The Khoy Khanate, also known as the Principality of Donboli, was a hereditary Kurdish khanate around Khoy and Salmas in Iran ruled by the Donboli trib ...

was murdered in 1786, Jafarqoli had to flee the scene.

Life under Hosayn Qoli

His nephew

Hosayn Qoli Donboli Hosayn Qoli Donboli ( fa, حسین‌قلی دنبلی) was the fourth Khan (title), khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1797 to 1813 References Sources

* People from Khoy Khoy Khanate Donboli tribe {{Iran-noble-stub ...

soon regained his throne in 1786 thanks to help from Mohammad Qoli Khan Afshar of

Urmia Khanate The Afshars of Urmia (also spelled Urmiya; fa, افشارهای ارومیه) are a branch of the Afshar tribe centered in the Iranian city of Urmia. From 1624/25 to 1820/21, the governorship of Urmia was mainly in the hands of the Urmia Afshars. ...

, meanwhile his father's murderers were put to death by Jafar Qoli. Hosayn Qoli had to pay annual tribute to Mohammad Qoli because of this. Soon later Askar Khan Afshar arrived in Khoy, asking for Hosayn Qoli's help to invade Urmia and rescue his brother Mirza Abolhasan. Using opportunity to stop paying tributes, Hosayn Qoli agreed to the plan. Khoy army commanded by Jafar Qoli defeated Urmia army near Aq Ziarat in 1788. However, Mirza Abolhasan was killed by Mohammad Qoli on suggestion of Khodadad Khan Donboli, Khan of Tabriz, leaving the war inconclusive. Khodadad was killed by

Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi Sadeq Khan Shaqaqi ( fa, صادق خان شقاقی) was the chief of the Shaqaqi tribe and khan of Sarab from 1786 to 1800. He was the eldest son and successor of Ali Khan Shaqaqi. The Shaqaqi were Kurds who had become Turkified and converted t ...

same year. Meanwhile Hosayn Qoli befriended

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar ( fa, آقا محمد خان قاجار, translit=Âqâ Mohammad Xân-e Qâjâr; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (, ), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, rul ...

, receiving not only Khoy but

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

Ardabil Ardabil (, fa, اردبیل, Ardabīl or ''Ardebīl'') is a city in northwestern Iran, and the capital of Ardabil Province. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaija ...

and other parts of

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

as governorate in 1791. However his marriage to

Ibrahim Khalil Khan Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir (1732–1806) was an Azerbaijani Turkic khan of the Karabakh Khanate from the Javanshir family, who succeeded his father Panah-Ali khan Javanshir as the ruler of the khanate. Early life He was born in c. 1732 in ...

's daughter raised suspicion by Agha Mohammad, he was replaced by Jafar Qoli briefly. Situation changed in 1797 again when Hosayn Qoli came to be favored by Fath Ali Khan Qajar, Jafarqoli became a rebel and besieged Khoy with help from

Yazidi Yazidis or Yezidis (; ku, ئێزیدی, translit=Êzidî) are a Kurmanji-speaking endogamous minority group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The majo ...

and

Shaqaqi The Shekak (also Shakkak, Shikakan or Shekkāk; ; ) is a Kurdish tribe present in various regions, mainly in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. History The Shikaki tribe are first mentioned in a Yezidi mişûr (manuscript) from 1207 AD, where the ...

tribesmen. However death of Hosaynqoli in 1798 forced him to assume the khanate and make peace with Fath Ali.

Reign in Shaki

Jafar Qoli attacked Sadiq Khan in 1798, defeated him, plundered Sarab and forced him to flee to

Mughan Mughan plain ( az, Muğan düzü, مغان دوزو; ) is a plain stretching from northwestern Iran to the southern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The highest density of irrigation canals is in the section of the Mughan plain which lies in ...

. During his reign, Donboli tribe numbered 12.000 families. Later he rose up against Fath Ali in 1799, but was defeated by an army sent against him under

Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza ( fa, عباس میرزا; August 26, 1789October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Iran. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828, as ...

near

Salmas Salmas ( fa, سلماس; ; ; ; syr, ܣܵܠܵܡܵܣ, Salamas) is the capital of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province in Iran. It is located northwest of Lake Urmia, near Turkey. According to the 2019 census, the city's population is 127,864. ...

. Jafarqoli had to flee to

Erivan Khanate The Erivan Khanate ( fa, خانات ایروان, translit=Xānāt-e Iravān; hy, Երեւանի խանութիւն, translit=Yerevani xanut'iwn; az, ایروان خانلیغی, translit=İrəvan xanlığı), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd, was ...

and submit to Russians. In June 1804, at the head of his cavalry, as part of the Russian troops, he participated in the siege of Erivan. In July of the same year, he accepted Russian citizenship. On December 10, 1806, Emperor

Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome * Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...

approved Jafar Qoli Khan as the new khan of Shaki and promoted him to the rank of

lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

. He was presented with the Imperial Certificate and a banner with the state emblem of Russia. A diamond feather, a saber decorated with precious stones and a gold medal sprinkled with diamonds were also awarded. During the Russian-Iranian war of 1804-1813, Jafar Quli Khan fought as member of the Russian army and was awarded the

Order of St. Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holst ...

, 1st degree. He died on 3 September 1814 from malaria. The descendants of Jafar Qoli Khan bore the surname Khoyski.

Family

He had at least 3 wives with numerous issues: # Sharafnisa begüm — sister or daughter of Ishak Pasha of Van Eyalet ## Ahmad Khan the Elder — married Shirin begüm (1794-?), daughter of

Javad Khan Javad Khan Qajar (; ; c. 1748 – 1804) was a member Ziyadoghlu Qajar, a clan of the Qajar tribe, as well as the sixth and the last khan of the Ganja Khanate from 1786 to 1804 before it was lost to Russia. Background Javad was born in 1748 as ...

Ganja Ganja (, ; ) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for marijuana. Its usage in English dates to before 1689. Etymology ''Ganja'' is borrowed from Hindi/Urdu ( hi, गांजा, links=no, ur, , links=no, IPA: �aːɲd� ...

and Malaknisa Khanum, daughter of Muhammad Husayn Khan Mushtaq ## Ismail Khan Khoyski (d. 24 July 1819) — succeeded Jafar Qoli as Khan of Shaki in 1814 ## Ishaq Pasha — married Kichik Khanum with two issues, died during his father's lifetime ## Abotorab (Abra) Khan (d. 1846) — married Azad or İzzet begüm (?-between 1839 and 1847), daughter of

Karabakh Karabakh ( az, Qarabağ ; hy, Ղարաբաղ, Ġarabaġ ) is a geographic region in present-day southwestern Azerbaijan and eastern Armenia, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura (Caspia ...

## Sara Begüm — married Kalbali Khan Khoyski, son of

# Saltanat begüm — sister of Mohammad Khan of

Erivan Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and in ...

(1784-1804) # Gowhar agha Javanshir (1796-1888) — daughter of

He is the ancestor of several officials of

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic), or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920,''Bulletin d'Information de l'Azerbaidjan'', No. I, September 1, 1919, pp. 6–7''125 H.C.Debs.'', 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467. Caucasian Az ...

, such as

Adil Khan Ziyadkhanov Adil Khan Ziyadkhanov () — Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani statesman and diplomat. Biography He was born in Ganja, Azerbaijan, Elisabethpol, Russian Empire to Abulfat agha Ziyadkhanov and Azer Humayun khanum in 1877. His father was great-grandson of ...

and Ismayil Khan Ziyadkhanov (both served as

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a Cabinet (government), cabinet Minister (government), minister in charge of a sovereign state, state's foreign policy and foreign ...

), Fatali Khan Khoyski (

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

of the Azerbaijan),

Rustam Khan Khoyski Rustam Khan Khoyski ( az, Rüstəm xan Xoyski; 1888–1948) was an Azerbaijani statesman who served as the Minister of Social Security of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and was member of Azerbaijani National Council. Rustam Khan was the younger ...

( Minister of Social Security), Huseyngulu Khan Khoyski (Deputy of Ganja Governorate), Amiraslan Khan Khoyski (governor of

Qazax Qazax (; ) is a city in and the capital of the Gazakh District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 20,900. Gazakh is a city and administrative district in the west of Azerbaijan, the "western gate" of Azerbaijan. History Early history In ...

) and poetess Gamar Sheyda.

References

Sources

* People from Khoy Tabriz Khanate Khoy Khanate 1814 deaths Khoyski family Donboli tribe Iranian defectors Iranian emigrants to the Russian Empire Shaki Khanate {{Iran-bio-stub