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Jacques Pouysségur is a French
engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limit ...
and researcher. He was born on November 10, 1943 in
Toulouse Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Pa ...
,
Haute-Garonne Haute-Garonne (; oc, Nauta Garona, ; en, Upper Garonne) is a department in the Occitanie region of Southwestern France. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country' ...
. He is a research director emeritus of the CNRS. He has conducted research at the Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), at the
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis The University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (french: Université Nice Sophia Antipolis) was a university located in Nice, France and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1965 and was organized in eight faculties, two autonomous institutes and an eng ...
. From 2013 to 2021, he also worked in the Department of Medical Biology,
Scientific Centre of Monaco The Scientific Centre of Monaco (french: Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM) is a Monegasque public establishment providing the Principality of Monaco with means to conduct scientific research. CSM is specialized in the study of corals and coral re ...
(CSM). He has been the head of the Tumor Hypoxia and Metabolism Team and a
visiting professor In academia, a visiting scholar, visiting researcher, visiting fellow, visiting lecturer, or visiting professor is a scholar from an institution who visits a host university to teach, lecture, or perform research on a topic for which the visitor ...
at Kyoto Medical University,
Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin, Keihanshin metropolitan area along wi ...
, Japan since 2013.


Training and scientific career

Jacques Pouysségur studied biochemistry engineering from 1962 to 1966 at the
Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can ...
(INSA Lyon). He completed his 2-years Civil Military Service as Professor of Biochemistry from 1966 to 1968 at the Institute of Agronomy of Algiers (Algeria). He then defended his PhD thesis in 1972 in genetic regulation of ''E. coli'' in the lab of François Stoeber, (student of
Jacques Monod Jacques Lucien Monod (February 9, 1910 – May 31, 1976) was a French biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of e ...
) at INSA Lyon. He then joined the
National Cancer Institute The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ...
(Dr. Ira Pastan), Bethesda,
USA The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
as a
postdoctoral researcher A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). The ultimate goal of a postdoctoral research position is to pu ...
between 1974 and 1976. He then joined in 1978 as a CNRS Research Group Leader the Centre de Biochimie University Côte d'Azur, followed by CNRS Institutes (ISBDC, IRCAN) since 1978 and was Director of the ISBDC Institute, Signaling, Development Biology & Cancer, Nice between 1997 and 2007.


Scientific interests and achievements

After his training in bacterial genetics, Jacques Pouysségur combined genetics and
molecular biology Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physi ...
to identify the signalling mechanisms of
growth factor A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. Growth factors are important for regul ...
s controlling cell proliferation. This team contributed to the fields of glycoproteins and cell adhesion,
metabolism Metabolism (, from el, μεταβολή ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run c ...
, intracellular pH regulation and molecular identification of the human Na+/H+ exchanger. In addition, the team determined that intracellular pH and MAP kinase (ERK1/2) are essential for the activation of
mTORC1 mTORC1, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controls protein synthesis. mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) is compo ...
and for controlling cell entry into the
cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and sub ...
. Over the past 25 years, the team has turned its interest towards the mechanisms by which cells control nutrient intake. Interest in this process led the team to study the mechanisms of HIF- proline hydroxylase signalling, HIF1 stabilization under hypoxia, angiogenesis, autophagy, nutritional stress and aberrant tumor metabolism. The team is pursuing, at a fundamental, translational and pre-clinical level, the physiological role of key targets induced by nutritional stress and
tumor hypoxia Tumor hypoxia is the situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen. As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in health ...
. The focus is on the metabolism of fermented glucose ( Warburg effect) or oxidative glucose in tumours, the import of amino acids under the influence of HIF or oxidative stress. Numerous anti-cancer targets inactivated by Zinc Finger Nucleases and/or CRISPR-Cas9 (carbonic anhydrases CA9, CA12, CA2, bicarbonate carriers NBC, lactate/H+ Symporters MCT1, MCT4, their chaperone CD147/basigine, key amino acid carriers : LAT1, ASCT2, xCT and their chaperones CD98, CD44...) were analyzed on tumor lines ( colon, melanoma,
breast The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of a primate's torso. Both females and males develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. In females, it serves as the mammary gland, which produces and sec ...
,
pancreas The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland. The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e. it has both an en ...
, lung). These targets, often strongly expressed in aggressive cancers, contribute to "Darwinian" selection within the hypoxic, acidic, denutrient tumor microenvironment leading to metastatic spread. Some of these targets (CA9, MCT, LAT1, ASCT2, xCT), with
anticancer An anticarcinogen (also known as a carcinopreventive agent) is a substance that counteracts the effects of a carcinogen or inhibits the development of cancer. Anticarcinogens are different from anticarcinoma agents (also known as anticancer or an ...
potential, are currently under pharmacological development.


Honours and awards


Prizes

* Savoie Prize (LNCC); 1989, * Delahautemaison Nephrology Prize (FRM); 1995, * Rosen Oncology Prize (FRM); 1996, * Lounsbery Prize of the American and French Academies of Sciences; 1999, * Athena and Institut de France Prize; 2001, * Leopold Griffuel Cancer Prize (ARC); 2001, *
Sir Hans Krebs Medal The Sir Hans Krebs Lecture and Medal is awarded annually by the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) for outstanding achievements in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or related sciences. It was endowed by the Lord Rank Centre for ...
(FEBS); 2002, * Carl Cori Reading Award (Roswell Park, USA); 2008,


Appointments

* President of the Scientific Council of INCa; * Member of
EMBO Embo ( gd, Eurabol, IPA: iaɾəpɔɫ̪ is a village in the Highland Council Area in Scotland and the former postal county of Sutherland, about north-northeast of Dornoch. On 16 July 1988, Embo declared itself independent from the rest of the ...
; * Member of the
Académie des sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at th ...
; * Member of the European Academy of Sciences,
Academia Europaea The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of Humanities, Letters, Law, and Sciences. The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of Europea ...
; * Knight of the National
Ordre national du mérite The Ordre national du Mérite (; en, National Order of Merit) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's estab ...
;


Publications, conferences and citations

440 articles published in peer-reviewed journals; 515 scientific conferences as guest speaker - Google Scholar citations: 63,091 - h-factor: 137.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pouyssegur, Jacques Living people 1943 births French molecular biologists French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists Richard-Lounsbery Award laureates Engineers from Toulouse 20th-century French engineers 21st-century French engineers