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Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772,
Montpellier Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of ...
– 2 February 1804) was a French naturalist,
malacologist Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, ...
and
botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
. Draparnaud is considered the father of
malacology Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, ...
in France. He was professor of
medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...
and
pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...
at the Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier. Draparnaud understood the breadth of the fauna he studied, as can be seen in a quote from him, in ''Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques'', published in 1805:
Au reste, quoique j'aie décrit pour la France seule un bien plus grand nombre d'espèces que Muller et Schroeter n'ent ont fait connoître pour l'Europe entière, et trois fois autant que Geoffroy et Poiret n'en ont observé dans les environs de Paris, je suis convaincu qu'il reste encore en ce genre bien des découvertes à faire.
Translation:
As for the remainder, even though I have described for France a greater number of species than Müller and Schroeter made known for the whole of Europe, and three times as many as Geoffroy and Poiret observed around Paris, still I am convinced that there remain many more discoveries of this kind to be made.


Taxa

Draparnaud named ("described") a large number of new
taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
of
mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s, including for example: * ''
Arion subfuscus ''Arion subfuscus'' is a species of land slug. It forms a species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often u ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1805), a land slug * '' Bulimulus lineatus'' (Draparnaud, 1805), a tropical land snail * '' Myosotella myosotis'' (Draparnaud, 1801), a saltmarsh snail In addition, many other taxa of molluscs were named by others in honor of him, including: * '' Draparnaldia'', a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of freshwater
green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alga as ...
in the family
Chaetophoraceae Chaetophoraceae is a family of green algae in the order Chaetophorales. Genera * '' Arthrochaete'' * '' Caespitella'' * '' Cedercreutziella'' * '' Chaetomnion'' * '' Chaetonemopsis'' * '' Chaetophora'' * '' Chloroclonium'' * '' Chlorofilum'' * ...
. * '' Draparnaldiopsis'', a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. * ''
Draparnaudiidae ''Draparnaudia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Partuloidea. ''Draparnaudia'' is the only genus in the family Draparnaudiidae. Both the family name an ...
'', a family of land snails * '' Draparnaudia'', a genus of land snails * '' Oxychilus draparnaudi'', a species of land snail


Works

*1794 (an II). Observations sur le ''Mantis oratoria''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris,'' III, p. 161. *1797 (an V). Note sur lAgaricus radiosus''. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux,'' I, n° 8, 25 floréal an V, p. 145-149. *1797 (an V). Théorie de l'origine et de la formation des Egagropiles de mer. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', I, n°2, 25 pluviose an V, p. 21-27. *1797 (an V). Observations sur lHelix algira''. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', I, an V, p. 98. *1797 (an V). Réponse aux observations du citoyen Guérin sur la théorie des Egagropiles de mer. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux,'' I, n° 10, 25 prairial an V, p. 173-180. *1799 (an VII). Observations sur le mouvement giratoire des molécules du Camphre. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', III, an VII, p. 264. *1799 (an VII). ''Propositions générales et observations relatives à diverses branches de la médecine.'' Thèse soutenue le 12 germinal an VII. *1799 (an VII). ''Fragments de la physiologie végétale.'' Deuxième thèse soutenue le 1er messidor an VII. *1800 (an VIII). ''Aperçus de la philosophie médicale.'' Troisième thèse, soutenue le 22 messidor an VIII. *1800 (an VIII). Observations sur la ''Gioenia''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris,'' II, p. 113-114 ; Millin, ''Mag. encycl.,'' V, 5, 1800, p. 378-379 ; ''Journ. phys.,'' LVI, 1800, p. 146-147. *1801 (an IX). ''Fragments pour servir à l'Histoire des progrès en médecine dans l'Université de Montpellier.'' Quatrième thèse, soutenue le 18 ventôse an IX. *1801 (an IX). Observations sur la ''Bulla Hydatis''. Millin, ''Mag. Encycl.,'' VI, 1, p. 115-116. *1801 (an IX). Observations sur lAlcyonum domuncula''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris'', p. 167-170. *1801 (an IX). ''Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle dans la médecine, présentée à l'École de médecine de Montpellier.'' Montpellier, 61 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Discours relatif à l'Histoire naturelle de Montpellier''. Montpellier, 41 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Discours sur les avantages de l'Histoire naturelle, et discours sur les mœurs et la manière de vivre des plantes.'' Montpellier, 61 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France.'' Montpellier et Paris, 116 p. *1802 (an X). ''Essai de pathologie végétale.'' Discours lu le 30 vendémiaire an X (1802) à la séance publique de la Société d'Agriculture. *1802 (an X). ''Discours sur la vie et les fonctions, ou précis de la physiologie comparative.'' Montpellier. *1802 (an X). ''Discours sur la philosophie des Sciences.'' Montpellier. *1802 (an X). Sur le glauque de certains végétaux. ''Journ. phys.'', LVI, p. 112. *1803 (an XI). ''Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle en médecine.'' Montpellier. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur la reproduction considérée dans les divers corps organiques. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 3-8. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur la Lime. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 52-54. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur les organes du chant des Insectes. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 55-61. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur l'Insecte qui a dévasté, en l'an X, les vignes des communes de Marseillan et de Florensac. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 86-91. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur le passage des couleurs des coquilles à la couleur bleue. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 162-163. *1803 (an XI). Fragment d'un essai sur la pathologie végétale. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier'', I, p. 174-185. *1803 (an XI). Notice minéralogique sur Montferrier. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 353-359. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur la formation et la cristallisation sous-marines du spath calcaire. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 359-361 et ''Journ. phys.'', LVII, p. 174-180. *1803 (an XI). Sur les mouvements que certains fluides reçoivent par le contact d'autres fluides. ''Annales de la chimie,'' XLVII, p. 303-311 ; Gilbert Ann., XXIV, p. 130-134 ; Nikolson Journ., VIII, p. 201-204. *1805 (an XIII). ''Histoire naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France.'' Paris, 164 p., 13 pl. uvrage posthume*Specimen florae soricianae *Observationes agrostographicae *Observationes muscologicae *Algarum species novae *Nova plantarum Lichenosarum methodus microscopico-analytica *Prodromus Historiae confervarum *Compendium Historiae naturalis Monspeliensis *Flora Monspeliensis *Bibliotheca universalis Historiae naturalis


Bibliography

* Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Draparnaud (Jacques, Philippe, Raymond) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ()


References

Works from French Wikipedia versio

{{DEFAULTSORT:Draparnaud, Jacques Conchologists 1772 births 1804 deaths