Jacques Egide Duhan de Jandun (1685–1746) was a

Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...

soldier who served for twelve years as tutor to

Frederick the Great Frederick II (german: Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King in Prussia from 1740 until 1772, and King of Prussia from 1772 until his death in 1786. His most significant accomplishments include his military successes in the S ...

Early life

Duhan's father was secretary to General Turenne before emigrating to Brandenburg in 1687. He educated Jacques himself while preparing him for a career as a soldier. The exceptional bravery of Duhan during the 1715 Siege of Stralsund caught the attention of Frederick William I, who was looking for a soldier rather than an academic to serve as civil tutor to his eldest son, the Crown Prince Frederick. Not knowing that Duhan was, in fact, a scholar well versed in ancient literature and modern philosophy, the King selected him as Frederick's tutor.

Tutor to Crown Prince Frederick

Frederick William drew up an elaborate schedule for the Prince's education, cutting out studies of poetry, philosophy, and ancient history in favor of an increased concentration on religion and modern political history. In spite of the king's orders, Duhan, over the twelve years of his service, continually scaled back the prince's religious education in favor of Greek, Roman, and French literature. He secretly secured for Frederick a private library of some three thousand volumes, housed at the Schlossfreiheit, and even went so far as to procure articles of French clothing for the young prince, items strictly forbidden by Frederick's francophobic father.

Banishment

After Frederick's failed attempt to flee Prussia, Duhan's role in acquiring a private library for Frederick was discovered and, combined with Frederick William's general desire to punish anybody closely associated with the crown prince, this resulted in the banishment of Duhan. He was exiled to a tower in the Baltic Coast city of Memel, without pension. Frederick, while imprisoned at Küstrin, arranged through the Austrian ambassador General Seckendorff to have Austria pay a secret pension to Duhan. Then, after his release, Frederick secured Duhan a librarian position in Brunswick.

Directorship of Liegnitz

Upon Frederick's becoming King of Prussia in 1740, Duhan was appointed director of the Liegnitz Academy in Silesia. Frederick outlined his duties: "to peacefully draw your salary, to love me, and to enjoy yourself." He continued his regular correspondence with Frederick throughout the Silesian Wars.

Death

Frederick returned from victory in the Second Silesian War to news of Duhan's grave illness. The victorious king attended the death bed of his old tutor, and in early January 1746 Jacques Duhan died, attended by Frederick and various princes of Prussia. His sister was given a lifelong pension by Frederick in recognition of Duhan's long service.MacDonogh, 178

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duhan de Jandun, Jacques 1685 births 1746 deaths French exiles Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences