Jacob Shaw's Regiment (russian: Бельские немцы Яковлевы роты Ша) was a first

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

regular

infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

of the

Russian Army The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска �В Sukhoputnyye voyska V, also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the Army, land forces of the Russian Armed Forces. The primary responsibilities of the Russian Gro ...

. The regiments of the new order, or regiments of the foreign order ("" or "", ), was the Russian term that was used to describe

military units Military organization or military organisation is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nation' ...

that were formed in the

Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia or Tsardom of Rus' also externally referenced as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter I i ...

and

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

in the 17th century according to the

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

an military standards composed of

Mercenary A mercenary, sometimes also known as a soldier of fortune or hired gun, is a private individual, particularly a soldier, that joins a military conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any o ...

officers and soldiers of

origin. Some number of soldiers and officers from Jacob Shaw's Regiment later participated in the New Russian Army reform that was done in cooperation with general

Alexander Leslie Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (15804 April 1661) was a Scottish soldier in Swedish and Scottish service. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of a Swedish Field Marshal, and in Scotland be ...

with

Boyar A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...

Boris Morozov Boris Ivanovich Morozov (russian: Борис Иванович Морозов; 1590 – 1661) was a Russian statesman and boyar who led the Russian government during the early reign of Tsar Alexis. Morozov came from a long noble line, yet was poor ...

History

Formation

During the Polish–Russian War (1605–18) a Regiment under the command of William Grim, later under captain-

Rittmeister __NOTOC__ (German and Scandinavian for "riding master" or "cavalry master") is or was a military rank of a commissioned cavalry officer in the armies of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries. A ''Rittmeister'' is typic ...

Jacob Shaw, (both Scots) was in the service of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

. In August 1613 a Russian army commanded by Voevoda Dmitrii M. Cherkasskii laid siege to the Bely fortress. After putting up a stout defence for almost a month, the garrison switched sides, surrendered the fortress and took service with Russia's military force. Voevoda Cherkasski was impressed by the garrison's skill and determination, and he reported that to Moscow. The , as the Russians called them, consisted of excellent, well-ordered soldiers with highly competent officers, it was raised in Scotland and another company was raised in Ireland

Campaigns

In 1618 at least eighteen former members of the Belaia garrison served in military forces defending Moscow against a Polish army that contained many Irish and Scottish troops. Several of the were killed or wounded in the heroic defence of the capital. At least six of them, including George Learmonth, helped decisively turn back Prince Wladyslaw's troops in intense fighting at

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

's Arbat Gates of

Bely Gorod Bely Gorod ( rus, Бе́лый го́род, p=ˈbʲelɨj ˈɡorət, "White City") is the central core area of Moscow, Russia beyond the Kremlin and Kitay-gorod. The name comes from the color of its defensive wall, which was erected in 1585–159 ...

. In that battle, Ensign George Learmonth's bravery was on display ‘for all to see’. When Lieutenant David Edwards was killed in the defence of Moscow, the Irish soldiers in his company immediately petitioned to have

George Learmonth George Learmonth (russian: Юрий Андреевич Лермонт, Yuri Andreevich Lermont; 1595s–1633) was a Scottish soldier in Russian service. He entered Russian service in 1613 as the praporshchik (ensign) in the regiment of captain-ri ...

replace him. Newly promoted Lieutenant Yuri Lermont received fifteen rubles per month. The regiment participated in several

Russo-Crimean Wars The Russo-Crimean Wars were fought between the forces of the Tsardom of Russia and the Crimean Khanate during the 16th century over the region around the Volga River. In the 16th century, the Wild Steppes in Russia were exposed to the Khanat ...

against the Crimean–Nogai raids. Since year 1626 all foreign mercenaries starts to be written under the Russian names, and after converting to Orthodox Christianity they always received certain material benefits (typically lands with serfs or

rubles The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''rub ...

and clothes). After 1629 was quickly disbanded, part of soldiers moved to Sweden, part continue their service under command of Alexander Leslie of Auchintoul, later Patrick Gordon of Auchleuchries. Some of them join first Moscouvite

Reiter ''Reiter'' or ''Schwarze Reiter'' ("black riders", anglicized ''swart reiters'') were a type of cavalry in 16th to 17th century Central Europe including Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Tsardom of Russia, and others. ...

s regiment of Charles d'Ebert, like

major Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...

/"ожидант" Petr Clelland/Петр Клилянт.

1st Platoon

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

William Grim/Вилим Грим *Captain-

Jacob-James Shaw/Яков Ша **Captain Andrew (Henry, Alexander?) Mowbray/Ондрей Мутр **

Poruchik The rank of lieutenant in Eastern Europe ( hr, poručnik, cs, poručík, pl, porucznik, russian: script=latn, poruchik, sr, script=latn, poručnik, sk, poručík) is one used in Slavophone armed forces. Depending on the country, it is either ...

John Wood/Ян Иванов сын, Вуд, landlord in

Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...

Praporshchik ( rus, Пра́порщик, 3=ˈprapərɕːɪk, ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to in navies. It is usually equivalent to Warrant ...

William Durie/Вилим Дюри **Praporshchik David Andrews/Давыд Адворец **Praporshchik Peter Yuille/Пётр Юль (killed in action) **Ensign George-Yuri Leirmont/Юрья Лермант ***

Scribe A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing. The profession of the scribe, previously widespread across cultures, lost most of its promi ...

John Fermor/Ян Фарфар ***Drummer Frank Sewell/Франциск Сеуль (wounded). ***

Doctor Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ** ...

/Орн Бартень ***Andrew Anston/Андрей Ангстон, nobleman ***William Aston/Вилим Иванов сын, Анстон (Янстун), nobleman ***Arthur Armon/Артур Армон, nobleman ***James Auchterlony (Ouchterlony)/Якуб Охторлони, nobleman ***David Buist or Bruce/Давид Бюст, nobleman ***Andrew Henry Wood/Ондрей-Давид Вуд (Вод), nobleman, landlord in Galich ***Alexander Gordon/Александер Гордон ***William Car/Вилим Кар, nobleman ***Robert Kingan/Роборт Кинган, nobleman ***John Crichton/Ян Крихтон, nobleman ***Robert Cunningham/Робарт Кумнигем, nobleman, landlord in Nizhny Novgorod ***John Laundie/Ян Лунды Романов, nobleman ***Peter Monteith/Петр Мантет, nobleman ***Andrew Moutray/Андрей Марлы, nobleman ***Gilbert Mellick/Гиберт Мелех (Меллер), nobleman ***John Mowbrey/Ян Мубр, nobleman ***William Paul/Вилим Паул, nobleman ***Edward Paull/Едварт Андреев сын, Пауль ***Robert Stenson/Роборт Стинсон, nobleman (wounded) ***James Steele/Якуб Стыль, nobleman ***James Scott/Якуб Шкот, nobleman ***James Adamson/Якуб-Ульян Адамсон, Васильев, nobleman ****Adam Aikman/Адам Акмон, private ****William Arthur/Вилим Артор, private **** /Юрий Бах, private **** /Анц Брандоборк, private ****David Brown/Давыд Иванов сын, Брун, private **** /Михайло Венглин, private ****John Williamson/Анц Вилимсон, private ****James Drew/Якуб Дреф, private ****John Antzplatov/Иван Анцплатов-Кобылин, landlord in

Rostov Rostov ( rus, Росто́в, p=rɐˈstof) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, northeast of Moscow. Population: While t ...

****Arthur Antz/Антур-Юрий Анц ****James Duff/Якуб Дуф ****John Forbes/Ян(Якуб) Томасов сын, Фарбус ****William Harvie/Вилим Гарви-Ганри ****William Horne/Вилим Гарвин (with wife in

Tula Tula may refer to: Geography Antarctica *Tula Mountains *Tula Point India *Tulā, a solar month in the traditional Indian calendar Iran * Tula, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province Italy * Tula, Sardinia, municipality (''comune'') in the pr ...

) ****John Gents/Ян Ген ****Peter (Patrick) Gordon/Петр Гордон ****John Gurthrie/Ян Горты, сын Адамов ****John Inglis/Ян Ингле(н)т ****David Laundie/Давыд Лунды **** /Ян Лян **** /Ян Мудр **** /Симан Клеиншмет ****Thomas Clelland/Томас (orthodox name Анофрий) Клилянт (wounded near

Mozhaysk MozhayskAlternative transliterations include ''Mozhaisk'', ''Mozhajsk'', ''Mozhaĭsk'', and ''Možajsk''. ( rus, Можа́йск, p=mɐˈʐajsk) is a town and the administrative center of Mozhaysky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located to th ...

) ****William Clelland/Вилим (orthodox name Петр) Клилянт, landlord in

Vologda Vologda ( rus, Вологда, p=ˈvoləɡdə) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. ...

, since 1627 in Nizhny Novgorod ****George Peebles/Юрья Пиблит ****Thomas Philips/Тумас Филипов **** /Александр Рар ****David Ruthven/Давыд Ровен (wounded) ****William Ruthven/Вилим Ровен-Радван (killed in action) ****William Shearer/Вилим Иванов сын, Шеир ****Allan Sympson/Алону Сымсон ****James Steele/Якуб Стиль ****William Steward/Вилим Стуарт **** /Анц Суцвент (Суцвелт) **** /Давыд Сухвалт ****Gabriel Yetts/Гаврил Яц

2nd Platoon

*Captain Thomas Wyeast/Томас Юстос *

Neil O’Donald/Нил Одонол-Одонил **Praporshchik Brian O’Donald/Брин Одонол **Praporshchik Ian Bain/Ян-Осип Бан **Ensign /Атеган (Отеган) Мартин, nobleman **

/Адрей Баба писарь **Drummer /Балах Тарлах **Drummer /Михелт **Drummer /Ян Романов сын Терел-Терех *** /Ардор Иванов сын, Аганлон, nobleman *** /Якуб Акалан, nobleman *** /Бреян Акан (Окаян), nobleman, landlord in

*** /Ардон Андох, nobleman *** /Донолт Аферон, nobleman ***Gabriel Bredon/Гаврила Юрьев сын Бреден (Бред) ***Ian Broom/Ян Брун, nobleman, landowner at Alatyr *** /Он Яковлев сын, Грум, nobleman ***Ian

Duffy Duffy may refer to: People *Duffy (surname), people with the surname Duffy or Duffey *Duffy (nickname) *Duffy (singer) (born 1984), Welsh singer, born Aimee Ann Duffy Places *Duffy, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra * Duffy, Ohio ...

/Ян Дуф, nobleman *** /Томас Ирис, nobleman *** /Варнава Килеварт, nobleman *** /Рыцерт Кумен, nobleman ***Thomas MacCurtain/Тумас Макартол, nobleman *** /Ян Макаф, nobleman ***Peter MacNailly/Петр-Павел Макноли, nobleman ***Donoaghie Macnamari/Данах Макнамори (Мангармов), nobleman ***Ian MacToole/Ян Мактуль, nobleman *** /Кал Рели, nobleman ***Ian Row/Ян Ро, nobleman *** /Юрий Фишгарец, nobleman ****Alexander Ardson/Александр cын Иванов, Ард(ов), private ****John Arnott/Ян cын Борисов, Арн(от), private **** /Брин Артан, private **** /Бриен Асирдон, private **** /Ян Ахи, private **** /David Bell/Давыд Бели, private ****Michael Bourke/Михель Бурк **** /Вилим Врим, private **** /Томас Вяст(Васт), private ****Richard Cax-Cox/Кирилл-Роман Куй, Кондратьев ****Alexander Gar/Александр Гарь **** /Ян Гети, private **** /Арт Донахи, private **** /Ляхлин Доск, private **** /Ян Дюри ирл, private **** /Михаил Камен, private ****William Carroll/Вилим Карил, private ****Ian Cook/Ян Кук, private **** /Рицерт Линс, private ****Art

MacMahon McMahon, also spelled MacMahon (older Irish orthography: ; reformed Irish orthography: ), is a surname of Irish origin. It is derived from the Gaelic ''Mac'' ''Mathghamhna'' meaning 'son of the bear'. The surname came into use around the 11th c ...

/Арт Макмагони, private ****Conagher MacKeen/Конохор Макине, private **** /Торлах Магдермонт (Магин), private ****Arthur MacGinn/Арт-Ермоген Магин ****James MacAllen/Якуб Маканал ****Donoaghie MacKinley/Данах Макноли-Макнали ****Conagher MacKeen/Конохор Макине ****Michail Kriush/Михаль(orthodox name Maxim) Михайлов Круг ****Art MacKeen/ Арт Магин, landlord in Vologda ****Thomas MacCurtain/Василий-Корнила, Мартынов ****Donoaghie O'Cahane/Донах Окаян-Окоян ****Ian

O'Collins O'Collins is a common anglicized surname of two ancient families of Irish origin: O'Cuilleain and O'Coilean. Origin of O'Cuilleain O'Cuilleain or Cuilliaéan is an extremely ancient Irish name from Gaelic ''cuileann'' and primitive Gaelic '' c ...

/Ян Околон ( Orlov/Орлов) **** /Доноль Маклукаш, private **** /Донолт Моклан, private ****Ian

O'Kelly O'Kelly is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Aloysius O'Kelly (1853–1936), Irish painter, brother of James Joseph O'Kelly * Auguste O'Kelly (1829–1900), music publisher in Paris * Christopher O'Kelly (1895–1922), Canadia ...

/Ян Окели, private ****Arthur

O'Hanlon O'Hanlon is an Irish surname associated with the Ó hAnluain sept. As with other similar names, the added prefix "O'" means "son of" (Hanlon). Notable people with that surname include: * Ardal O'Hanlon (born 1965), Irish comedian * Evan O'Hanlon ( ...

/Рури Одонол, private **** /Обонак Роборт, private **** /Обрин Калах, private ****/Околон Ян, private ****Niall O’Mara/Нел Омори-Мори, private **** /Смет Ян, private ****Brian O’Sirdan/, private **** /Рицерт Ускисен (Федор Устриков), private ****Jarlath Scrope/Скруп Джан, private ****Ian Parekh/Ян Парах, private ****George

Peebles Peebles ( gd, Na Pùballan) is a town in the Scottish Borders, Scotland. It was historically a royal burgh and the county town of Peeblesshire. According to the 2011 census, the population was 8,376 and the estimated population in June 2018 wa ...

/Юрий Пиблиз, private ****Alexander Ward/, private ****Andrew Wood/Андрей Вуд, private *Scottish captain-Rittmeister Antz Op/Анц Оп and Irish Captain Siman Biy/Симан Бий

Assimilation in Russia

In late 1610, many former members of the Swedish-Russian army participated in the Polish capture of the Russian border town of Belaia and newly served Belaia garrison composed of approximately 150 soldiers organized in two cavalry companies, one Scottish and one Irish. Those companies served side by side for three years while maintaining their separate identities and strong unit cohesion. Some of the men married local women and started families. After 1616 part of them had been sent to Tula, a major southern military headquarters, where they helped defend Russia's vulnerable steppe frontier against Tatar raids. While living in the

Tula region Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is part of the Central Federal District, covering a ...

several officers of the former Belaia garrison, including George-Yuri Leirmont, petitioned

Tsar Mikhail Michael I (Russian: Михаил Фёдорович Романов, ''Mikhaíl Fyódorovich Románov'') () became the first Russian tsar of the House of Romanov after the Zemskiy Sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. He w ...

for an increase in status and salary. They requested transfer into the ranks of the Russian gentry militia called "pomeshchiks". That would qualify each of them to receive several hundred acres of land with servs. In their petition, the men stated: "We your slaves do not wish to go to our own land, because we have married here and have children, and we want to spill our blood for Thee the Sovereign." After a review of their condition, the Russians dismissed twenty one of them as unfit for further duty due to old age or infirmities; those men were honourably settled near Tula at half pay. About a dozen Scottish and Irish soldiers successfully petitioned the tsar to allow them to return home.Paul Dukes, "The First Scottish Soldiers in Russia", Edinburgh, 1992

Notes

References

* * {{ill, Vasili Storozhev, ru, Сторожев, Василий Николаевич, vertical-align=sup "Георг Андреев Лермонтов, родоначальник русской ветви Лермонтовых", Москва, 1894 1610s in Russia 1620s in Russia Highland regiments Infantry regiments Thirty Years' War Warfare of the early modern period