The Jabodebek LRT or Greater Jakarta LRT is a light rapid transit system in

Greater Jakarta The Jakarta metropolitan area or Greater Jakarta, known locally as Jabodetabek (an acronym of Jakarta–Bogor–Depok–Tangerang–Bekasi), and sometimes extended to Jabodetabekjur (with the acronym extended to include part of Cianjur Regency) ...

, the capital city of

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, as well as the adjacent areas of

West Java West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...

, within the Jakarta Metropolitan area. It was implemented by the central government, and operated by Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), the system connects the Jakarta city center with suburbs in

such as

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Depok and Bekasi, hence its acronym Jabodebek. Operation of the Jabodebek LRT was initially targeted to begin in 2019. However, the line was hampered by numerous delays. It commenced official commercial operations on 28 August 2023.

History

Background

Interior of Dukuh Atas Jabodebek LRT Station

The Jabodebek light rapid transit project is aimed to tackle Jakarta's high road traffic congestion. The northern section of the LRT project partly replaces the

Jakarta Monorail The Jakarta Monorail ( JET Monorail) was a cancelled monorail network project in Jakarta, Indonesia. If completed, it would have comprised two lines, totalling up to . The project had a tumultuous history. First awarded in 2003, the contract ch ...

project which has been cancelled. The monorail project in Jakarta was planned since the early 2000s. Construction commenced in 2004 but immediately stalled due to insufficient funding. In 2005 the initial

pylons Pylon may refer to: Structures and boundaries * Pylon (architecture), the gateway to the inner part of an Ancient Egyptian temple or Christian cathedral * Pylon, a support tower structure for suspension bridges or highways * Pylon, an orange mar ...

were constructed. However, the project was abandoned altogether in 2008, leaving the unfinished pylons blocking the main roads. The monorail line design, including the Green loop line and Blue line gained criticism as it only connected shopping malls in Jakarta's city center and would not connect to Jakarta's suburbs which desperately need transportation infrastructure, and thus would not be useful for Jakartan commuters. Transportation experts deemed that the city center monorail project would not address Jakarta's traffic problems, but would only serve as a novelty tourists' ride. To answer the need for commuter infrastructure, a consortium of five state owned enterprises, led by PT Adhi Karya (previously part of the ''Jakarta Monorail'' consortium), proposed the construction of a monorail line connecting

Cibubur Cibubur is one of the five administrative villages (''kelurahan'') in Ciracas district (''kecamatan'') in East Jakarta, Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Cibubur is located in a strategic location, because it is between Jalan Raya Bogor and ...

Cawang Cawang is an administrative village (''kelurahan'' in Indonesian) at Kramat Jati subdistrict, East Jakarta. The borders of Cawang are: * MT Haryono Road in the north * Ciliwung River in the west * General Sutoyo Road in the east * Kalibata Road ...

- Kuningan and Bekasi-

across

. The line will connect the 'Green' and 'Blue' lines originally planned by ''PT Jakarta Monorail'' to Jakarta's suburbs Cibubur and Bekasi.

Replaced to light rapid transit

In 2013, the Jakarta monorail project was revived and relaunched. In mid-2014 however, the project was stalled after a disagreement between ''PT Jakarta Monorel,'' the developer/operator, and the Jakarta Municipal Government over land acquisition for the depot as well as the station designs. Following the disagreements, by 2015 the Jakarta Municipal Government terminated its contract with ''PT Jakarta Monorel''; thus monorail project was disbanded altogether. The numerous stalled monorail support poles will be used by state-owned construction company PT Adhi Karya to develop Jakarta's light rapid transit instead. The shift of choice from

monorail A monorail (from "mono", meaning "one", and "rail") is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam. Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, ...

to a traditional rapid transit system was based on several considerations; compared to monorail, LRT has higher passenger capacity, simpler intersection and switching system, and cheaper maintenance cost.

Lines

In 2015, it was announced that the Indonesian Cabinet Secretary has endorsed the plan to build three light rail transit lines. Total investment cost of this project is estimated to reach 23.8 trillion rupiah (1.8 billion US dollars). There are two lines on the system: * Cibubur Line (Dukuh Atas–Harjamukti) (initially Cawang–Harjamukti) ** Station names: Dukuh Atas – Setiabudi – Rasuna Said – Kuningan – Pancoran – Cikoko – Ciliwung – Cawang – TMII (Taman Mini Indonesia Indah) – Kampung Rambutan – Ciracas – Harjamukti * Bekasi Line (Dukuh Atas–Jatimulya) (initially Cawang–Jatimulya) ** Station names: Dukuh Atas – Setiabudi – Rasuna Said – Kuningan – Pancoran – Cikoko – Ciliwung – Cawang – Jati Bening Baru – Cikunir 1 – Cikunir 2 – Bekasi Barat – Jatimulya Technically there are three line segments built (with Dukuh Atas – Cawang segment counted as a separate line), however only two lines would be operated. The construction phase of extension for the planned route Grogol–Pesing–Rawa Buaya–Kamal Raya–Dadap– Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was proposed, but was not mentioned in the Presidential Regulation No. 98 of 2015 which sets the legal framework for state funding.

Phase 1

Phase 1 of the construction consists the entirety of Line 2 (Cawang–Bekasi Timur), part of

Line 1 Line 1 or 1 line may refer to: Public transport Africa * Line 1 (Algiers Metro), Algeria * Cairo Metro Line 1, Egypt Asia China * Line 1 (Beijing Subway) * Line 1 (Changchun Rail Transit) * Line 1 (Changsha Metro) * Line 1 (Changzhou Metro) * L ...

(Cibubur–Cawang–Baranangsiang) and Line 3 (Cawang-Dukuh Atas-Senayan). The first phase will cost 11.9 trillion rupiah (approx. USD 903.6 million). It will be long, consisting of 18 stations. * Phase 1A (Cibubur–Cawang–Dukuh Atas): * Phase 1B (Cawang–Bekasi Timur): Construction of Phase 1 began on 9 September 2015 and was initially predicted to be operational by early 2018, in time for the

2018 Asian Games The 2018 Asian Games ( id, Pesta Olahraga Asia 2018 or ''Asian Games 2018''), officially known as the 18th Asian Games and also known as Jakarta-Palembang 2018 or Indonesia 2018, was a Asia, continental multi-sport event that was held from 18 A ...

. However, due to funding, restructuring and land acquisition issues, the project has failed to meet the deadline. As of August 2021, construction progress has reached 86.57% (93.88% for Cibubur–Cawang, 86.87% for Cawang–Dukuh Atas and 91.58% for Cawang–Bekasi Timur). The LRT's public free trial run, similar to the Jakarta MRT, is planned started on 12 July 2023, with commercial operations slated to begin on 17 August 2023. The trial lasted until 17 July, before it was halted for a software upgrade.

Phase 2

Phase 2 will extend Line 1 southwards, from Cibubur to Bogor Baranangsiang, and also extending from the other end from Dukuh Atas to Palmerah and Senayan. It is currently in the planning stage.

Ridership

The system carried 6,475 passengers on its opening day, 96,426 passengers within four days of opening, and over 620,000 passengers by 13 September. The Indonesian Ministry of Transport set a target of 120,000 daily passengers in the short term, and 500,000 within the medium term. On 16 September, the amount of daily trips was increased from 158 to 202, with extended operating hours. However, ridership keeps declining to 34,382 in mid-October due to the end of promotional fare of Rp 5,000 and decreased trips due to the maintenance process for 15 of the 31 available trainsets.

Incidents

* A collision of two set of trains occurred during testing phase on 25 October 2021 between Harjamukti station and Ciracas station. Neither train was occupied with passengers. As a result, the two trainsets involved in the collision were badly damaged, and the driver who was driving the train suffered minor injuries. The

NTSC The first American standard for analog television broadcast was developed by National Television System Committee (NTSC)National Television System Committee (1951–1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12–19, with Some supplement ...

said that the cause of this incident was human error due to the

engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the l ...

playing with a cellphone. * On 30 August 2023, the system's third day of operations, several losses of power caused passengers to be trapped inside stopped trains with no air conditioning.

References

External links

* Adhi Kary
Jakarta LRT environmental impact assessment

Jakarta LRT Progress video per May 2018
{{Rapid transit in Asia Kereta Api Indonesia Rapid transit in Indonesia Rail transport in Indonesia Rail transport in Jakarta Transport in West Java Proposed rail infrastructure in Indonesia Light rail in Indonesia Standard gauge railways in Indonesia Railway lines opened in 2023