Jacobus Johannes 'Jaap' Schrieke (17 October 1884 – 15 April 1976) was a Dutch administrator, jurist and collaborator who served as Secretary-General of the Dutch Ministry of Justice during the

German occupation of the Netherlands Despite Dutch neutrality, Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 as part of Fall Gelb (Case Yellow). On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family re ...

. He was also the brother of the Dutch jurist and politician

Bep Schrieke Bertram 'Bep' Johannes Otto Schrieke (18 September 1890, Zandvoort, Netherlands – 12 September 1945, London, England) was a Dutch politician and academic. He served, alongside Frederik David Holleman, as professor of ethnology and history ...

who briefly served as minister of education during the fifth Colijn government in 1939.

Biography

Schrieke was born in

Pijnacker Pijnacker () is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is bordered Zoetermeer to the north, by Nootdorp to the northwest, by Delfgauw to the southwest, by Rotterdam (specifically Overschie) to the south and by Berkel en Rodenrijs to th ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

in 1884. He studied law and Indonesian (

adat Alesis Digital Audio Tape (ADAT) is a magnetic tape format used for the recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs. Although it is a tape-based format, the term ''ADAT'' now refers to its successo ...

) law at the

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince o ...

in the Netherlands and was awarded a PhD in law in 1908. After his studies, he moved to the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...

and in 1909 he became a clerk at the Council of Justice in

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

(now

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

) in the Dutch East Indies (now

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

). Following a successful career in management, in 1933 he failed to be elected to the post of Vice-Chairperson of the Council of the Dutch East Indies. Schrieke then returned to the Netherlands, and in 1935 was appointed an extraordinary professor of Constitutional and Administrative law for the Dutch East Indies,

Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north ...

, and

Curaçao Curaçao ( ; ; pap, Kòrsou, ), officially the Country of Curaçao ( nl, Land Curaçao; pap, Pais Kòrsou), is a Lesser Antilles island country in the southern Caribbean Sea and the Dutch Caribbean region, about north of the Venezuela coast ...

at Leiden University. In this capacity, he, along with

Frederik David Holleman Frederik 'Frits' David Holleman (11 May 1887 – 22 January 1958) was a Dutch and South African academic, ethnologist, and jurist, best known for his research into the indigenous legal systems of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and South Afr ...

, acted as successors to

Cornelis van Vollenhoven Cornelis van Vollenhoven (8 May 1874, Dordrecht – 29 April 1933, Leiden) was a Dutch law professor and legal scholar, best known for his work on the legal systems of the East Indies. Cornelis van Vollenhoven began his university studies at ...

, a leading Dutch legal scholar who had died in 1933. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, from 15 May 1940 to 5 May 1945, the Netherlands was occupied by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

. During the occupation Dutch public administration continued, though under German control. In March 1941, the acting Secretary-General of Justice, Jan Coenraad Tenkink, resigned and Friedrich Wimmer, the German Commissioner General for Administration and Justice, appointed Schrieke to the position of Secretary-General of Justice as Tenkin's successor. From 1942 to the end of the occupation, Schrieke was the acting Secretary-General in the Ministry for General Affairs, and between 1 March 1943 and 5 May 1945, he was also the acting Director-General for the Police. At the request of the German authorities, Schrieke provided a list of all Jewish detainees in Dutch asylums. However, Schrieke also believed that Dutch administration should continue without political interference, and as a result he banned National-Socialist propaganda in his department. He also refused to take an oath of loyalty to

Anton Mussert Anton may refer to: People *Anton (given name), including a list of people with the given name *Anton (surname) Places *Anton Municipality, Bulgaria **Anton, Sofia Province, a village *Antón District, Panama **Antón, a town and capital of th ...

, the leader of the

National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands ( nl, Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, ; NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political party that called itself a " movement". As a parliamentary party participating in legisl ...

(NSB). After the war, Schrieke was condemned to death. This sentence was later commuted to a prison sentence of twenty years. On 15 October 1955, he was granted early release on medical grounds. He died in Ede in the Netherlands in 1976.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schrieke, Jacobus Johannes 1884 births 1976 deaths Dutch civil servants Dutch collaborators with Nazi Germany Dutch legal scholars Leiden University alumni Academic staff of Leiden University People from Pijnacker-Nootdorp