Jaan Kalviste
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Jaan Kalviste (3 April 1898 – 15 June 1936)virumaa.ee
''VE: Kalviste, Jaan – keemik'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
) 15 January 2003. Retrieved 3 October 2018. was an
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe th ...
, mineralogist,
educator A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching. ''Informally'' the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. whe ...
, and
translator Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...
.


Early life

Jaan Kalviste was born Jaan Kranig on Mikko farm in the small village of Läste in present-day
Lääne-Viru County Lääne-Viru County ( et, Lääne-Viru maakond or ''Lääne-Virumaa'') is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, ''lääne'' means western and ''ida'' means east or eastern ...
to railway worker Ado Kranig and his wife Kadri (''née'' Kuulmata). He was the second eldest of five siblings.Üliõpilasleht 1936. ''Dr. és. sc. Jaan Kalviste: In memorium'' 1936. Retrieved 3 October 2018. He attended primary school in rural
Lehtse Lehtse is a small borough (') in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County in northern Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland ac ...
Parish before studying at secondary school in
Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju ' ...
. During
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
he was conscripted and served a year in the
Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...
, then enlisted in the
Estonian Land Forces The Estonian Land Forces ( et, Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defense Forces where it has an offensive military formation role. It is currently the largest ...
at age twenty and fought in the
Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence ( et, Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Bolshevik westwa ...
.Tapa Muuseum
''Endise Lehtse valla külad'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). 9 June 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2018.


Education

Following the end of the war, he enrolled at the University of Tartu in 1920; graduating with a
master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
in chemistry in 1925 with the thesis ''Investigation of Alkyl Carbonate Constants''. Kalviste was a founding member of Students' Society Raimla (''Üliõpilaste Selts Raimla'', or ''ÜS Raimla'').Yellow Place. ''Üliõpilaste Selts Raimla''
(in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). Retrieved 4 October 2018. In 1926, he relocated to France as a scholarship holder and received his
Doctor of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...
degree from the
University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...
in 1929 following the publication of his thesis ''Contribution to the Development of Complexes of Oxalics and Carbonics in Trivalent Cobalt'' by Masson publishing house.E-Kataloog Ester
''Kalviste, Jaan. Contribution à l'étude des complexes oxaliques et carboniques du cobalt trivalent / Jaan Kranig'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). Retrieved 3 October 2018.Vaba Maa. ''Eestlane Prantsuse doktoriks''. No. 33, p. 7 (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). 8 February 1929. Retrieved 3 October 2018.


Work

Kalviste returned to Estonia in 1929 and taught chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Tartu as a
docent The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French " ''maître de conf ...
until 1933. From 1933, he worked as a senior chemist at the
Kohtla-Järve Kohtla-Järve is a city and municipality in northeastern Estonia, founded in 1924 and incorporated as a town in 1946. The city is highly industrial, and is both a processor of oil shales and is a large producer of various petrochemical products ...
Oil Manufactory where he experimented with the study of oil shale products ( phenols, gasoline, etc.) using spectrometric methods and in
photochemistry Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400  nm), visible light (400–7 ...
. In 1935, he changed his surname from Kranig to Kalviste.Album Academicum Universitatis Tartuensis 1918-1944
''Kalviste, Jaan'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). Retrieved 3 October 2018. In 1936, he worked as a chemist of the State Oil Shale Industry Laboratory and concurrently as a teacher at the Virumaa Mining School in Jõhvi. Fluent in several languages, Jaan Kalviste translated mathematician
Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré ( S: stress final syllable ; 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The ...
's 1902 book '' Science and Hypothesis'' from
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
into
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
(''Teadus ja hüpotees'') in 1936.Eesti rahvusbibliograafia
''Kalviste, Jaan, 1898-1936, tõlkija'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). Retrieved 3 October 2018.


Death

On 15 June 1936, Jaan Kalviste was part of a group of approximately ten chemists at a seminar organized at the laboratory of the Männiku military ammunition stores in the Tallinn district of Nõmme when a massive explosion occurred, destroying the entire site and starting a blaze in the nearby heath and pine forest. Kalviste was among the 63 individuals who died in the explosion; the cause of which has never been fully determined. He was 38 years old.Kultuur ja Elu
''Õnnetused või erioperatsioonid? Plahvatused Valdeku laskeväljal, Männikul ja Helsingis'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). 2002. Retrieved 3 October 2018.Eesti Ekspress
''Põrgu Männikul'' (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). 21 June 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2018. Kalviste was buried at the
Rahumäe cemetery Rahumäe ( Estonian for ''"Peace Hill"'' or ''"Quiet Hill"'') is a subdistrict ( et, asum) in the district of Nõmme, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It covers an area of and has a population of 3,075 (), population density is . Rahumäe has a ...
in Tallinn.


Personal life

Jaan Kalviste was married to Alma Ennok on 21 February 1931United States Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Petition for Naturalization, No. 47750. 24 December 1952. and had two sons, Aavo and Jüri, who were both under the age of five when he died. Following Kalviste's death, his widow Alma emigrated to the United States in 1949 and later remarried.Vaba Eesti Sõna = Free Estonian Word: Estonian weekly. ''Perekonnaseisu teated 27. veebruaril''. (in
Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...
). 15 April 1965. Retrieved 3 October 2018.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalviste, Jaan 1898 births 1936 deaths Estonian chemists Estonian translators Estonian geologists Mineralogists Translators to Estonian Oil shale researchers People from Tapa Parish University of Tartu alumni Academic staff of the University of Tartu University of Paris alumni People from the Governorate of Estonia Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence Burials at Rahumäe Cemetery 20th-century chemists 20th-century translators Oil shale in Estonia