Ivan Broz (21 January 1852 – 25 December 1893) was a Croatian linguist and literary historian.

Biography

Broz was born in

Klanjec Klanjec () is a small town in northwestern Croatia, in the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje on the border with Slovenia. History In the late 19th and early 20th century, Klanjec was a district capital in the Varaždin County of the Kingdom of Croa ...

where he attended primary school, then moved to primary school in

Varaždin ) , image_photo = , image_skyline = , image_flag = Flag of Varaždin.svg , flag_size = , image_seal = , seal_size = , image_shield = Grb_Grad ...

, and gymnasium in Karlovac, Požega, and

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

, where he graduated. In

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass to the south, it had a p ...

, he started studying

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing th ...

, but eventually abandoned it in order to study

Croatian language Croatian (; ' ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the offici ...

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

, and

geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...

at the newly established Croatian university in Zagreb. He served as a substitute teacher in Zagreb, and as a regular teacher in the upper secondary schools in

Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...

, Požega, and Zagreb. He received his PhD in 1888, attended

Vatroslav Jagić Vatroslav Jagić (; July 6, 1838 – August 5, 1923) was a Croatian scholar of Slavic studies in the second half of the 19th century. Life Jagić was born in Varaždin (then known by its German name of ''Warasdin''), where he attended the el ...

's lectures on

Slavic studies Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic areas, languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was prim ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, and set off on a fieldwork journey across

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...

and southern Croatia, where he eventually grew ill, which was the cause of his death. Ivan Broz died in Zagreb.

Work

In 1885 in

Matica hrvatska Matica hrvatska ( la, Matrix Croatica) is the oldest independent, non-profit and non-governmental Croatian national institution. It was founded on February 2, 1842 by the Croatian Count Janko Drašković and other prominent members of the Illy ...

he was appointed the editor of ''Hrvatske narodne pjesme'' (Croatian folk songs). In his ''Crtice iz hrvatske književnosti'' (two volumes) he gave an extensive overview of the oldest Croatian literary monuments. He authored a study on the Croatian imperative and numerous puristic articles (''Filologičke sitnice''). In 1889 he was appointed to make a normative guide for Croatian. In 1892 he published his most important work, ''Hrvatski pravopis'' (Croatian Normative Guide), which was reprinted under the editorship of Dragutin Boranić's until 1916. That normative guide, strictly based on Karadžić- Daničić's normative conception, but formed chiefly upon the normative role model of the Croatian philologist Marcel Kušar, established the Croatian standard, with most of the later Croatian normative manuals in most of the prescriptions being but mere stylisations of Broz's ground-breaking work. Being the most moderate philologist among the Croatian "Vukovians," Broz left a deep mark in the final standardisation of Croatian: thanks to him, there was no normative duality, which was threatened by the introduction of phonologically based spelling in

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, str ...

and

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and Pars pro toto#Geography, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of Southern Europe, south and southeast Euro ...

(manual by Frane Vuletić), and by the introduction of some rules from the normative standard of the Zagreb school (separate writing of the future tense, writing foreign names as in the original, avoiding voicing assimilation in most cases (''podcijeniti'', ''odčepiti'', etc.), morphological forms in several cases (''mladac''/''mladci'', etc.)). He established firm ground for continuity with the older (chiefly

Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranea ...

) normative tradition and secured a painless transition to the final normative form, avoiding a controversy like that which closely followed the linguistic interventions of his contemporary

Tomislav Maretić Tomislav Maretić (13 October 1854 – 15 January 1938) was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer. He was born in Virovitica, where he attended primary school and the gymnasium in Varaždin, Požega and Zagreb. After graduating simultaneousl ...

Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Broz, Ivan 1852 births 1893 deaths Croatian linguists Croatian lexicographers 19th-century lexicographers