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Israeli Cassini Soldner (ICS), commonly known as the Old Israeli Grid (OIG; he, רשת ישראל הישנה ''Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Yeshana'') is the old
geographic coordinate system The geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or ellipsoidal coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on the Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various ...
for
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
. The name is derived from the Cassini Soldner projection it uses and the fact that it is optimized for Israel. ICS has been mostly replaced by the new coordinate system
Israeli Transverse Mercator Israeli Transverse Mercator (ITM), also known as the New Israel Grid (NIG; he, רשת ישראל חדשה, רשת ישראל החדשה ''Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Ḥadasha'') is the new geographic coordinate system for Israel. The name is derived f ...
(ITM), also known as the New Israeli Grid (NIG), but still referenced by older books and navigation software.


History

The Cassini Soldner projection was used by the
British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Palestine or Palestine Mandate most often refers to: * Mandate for Palestine: a League of Nations mandate under which the British controlled an area which included Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. * Mandatory P ...
, when it was called the
Palestine grid The Palestine grid was the geographic coordinate system used by the Survey Department of Palestine. The system was chosen by the Survey Department of the Government of Palestine in 1922. The projection used was the Cassini-Soldner projection. ...
. The Palestine grid reached as south as
Beer-Sheba Beersheba or Beer Sheva, officially Be'er-Sheva ( he, בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע, ''Bəʾēr Ševaʿ'', ; ar, بئر السبع, Biʾr as-Sabʿ, Well of the Oath or Well of the Seven), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. ...
. To avoid the existence of negative coordinates in the southern
Negev The Negev or Negeb (; he, הַנֶּגֶב, hanNegév; ar, ٱلنَّقَب, an-Naqab) is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The region's largest city and administrative capital is Beersheba (pop. ), in the north. At its sout ...
, the
False Northing A projected coordinate system, also known as a projected coordinate reference system, a planar coordinate system, or grid reference system, is a type of spatial reference system that represents locations on the Earth using cartesian coordin ...
of ICS was increased by 1000000. As a result, coordinates in the south of Israel are higher than 800000.


Examples

An ICS coordinate is generally given as a pair of two numbers (excluding any digits behind a
decimal point A decimal separator is a symbol used to separate the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form (e.g., "." in 12.45). Different countries officially designate different symbols for use as the separator. The choi ...
which may be used in very precise surveying). The first number is always the Easting and the second is the Northing. The easting and northing are in metres from the false
origin Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * Origin (comics), ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * The Origin (Buffy comic), ''The Origin'' (Bu ...
. The easting is always a 6 digit number while the northing has 6 or 7 digits. The ICS coordinate for the
Western Wall The Western Wall ( he, הַכּוֹתֶל הַמַּעֲרָבִי, HaKotel HaMa'aravi, the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ...
at
Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
is: :E 172249 m :N 1131586 m The first figure is the easting and means that the location is 172,249 meters east from the false origin (along the
X axis A Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in ...
). The second figure is the northing and puts the location 1,131,586 meters north of the false origin (along the Y axis). Also notice how the easting in this example is indicated with an “E” and likewise an “N” for the northing. The fact that the coordinate is in meters is indicated by the lowercase m. The table below shows the same coordinate in 3 different grids:


Grid parameters

The ICS coordinate system is defined by the following parameters:Published by the Mapping Center of Israel (MAPI) in th
official website
/ref> * Projection: Cassini Soldner *
Reference ellipsoid An Earth ellipsoid or Earth spheroid is a mathematical figure approximating the Earth's form, used as a reference frame for computations in geodesy, astronomy, and the geosciences. Various different ellipsoids have been used as approximations ...
: Clarke 80 Modified : a(m): 6378300.789 : 1/f: 293.466 * Main datum point values: : Latitude of origin (D-M-S): 31 44 2.748999999990644 : Longitude of origin (D-M-S): 35 12 43.490000000012970 * Main point grid values: : False Easting (m): 170251.5549999999 : False Northing(m): 1126867.909 * Grid scale factor: 1


References

{{reflist


Sources


Official ICS Grid Definition

MAPI
(Mapping Center of Israel) official website (''Hebrew'').
Geography educational website
of Haifa's university.


External links


MAPI
(Mapping Center of Israel) official website (''Hebrew'').
Geography educational website
of Haifa's university. Geographic coordinate systems Geography of Israel Land surveying systems Geodesy