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Isabella Banks (; 25 March 1821 – 4 May 1897), also known as Mrs G. Linnaeus Banks, was an English novelist and poet. Born in Manchester, England, Banks is most widely remembered today for her book '' The Manchester Man'', published in 1876.


Early years

Isabella Varley, was born on 25 March 1821 above her father's pharmacy at 10
Oldham Street Oldham Street is in Manchester city centre and forms part of the city's historic Northern Quarter district. The Northern Quarter is dominated by buildings that were built before World War II. The street runs from Piccadilly to Great Ancoats S ...
, in the area now known as Manchester's Northern Quarter. Isabella developed a keen interest in the history of Manchester and its political development. Both her father, James and her mother Amelia were active in politics long before the period when the City of Manchester had its own parliamentary representatives; her father held several official civic roles in his lifetime as a town
alderman An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members ...
and
magistrate The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a '' magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judic ...
. Isabella's other interest was in writing; her flair was first noted when ''
The Manchester Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the G ...
'' published her poem ''A Dying Girl to her Mother'' in 1837. Her first collection of poetry, ''Ivy Leaves'', was published in 1844.


Writing career

Isabella married George Banks in 1846, after which, in the style of the times, she mostly published under the name of Mrs G. Linnaeus Banks, although she sometimes wrote under her maiden name, Isabella Varley. She had eight children (although only three survived into adulthood). Her husband George was a journalist and editor who worked in various locations throughout the UK. In the early 1860s, Isabella's eldest child died (then aged 14), and her sense of loss is believed to have inspired her to write her first novel, '' God's Providence House: The famous story of old Chester'', which presented an absorbing story of love and adventure set in the days of highwaymen and plague around the area of Chester in Cheshire, in which one character lived on Watergate Street with "God's Providence is Mine Inheritance" written on its frontage beam, being one of the few houses not struck by plague. In 1865 she co-authored ''Daisies in the Grass: a collection of songs and poems'', with her husband. ''The Making of William Edwards or The Story of the Bridge of Beauty'' was also their joint endeavour. Her many literary works included ''The Watchmaker's Daughter and Other Tales'', ''Forbidden to Marry'' (two vols), ''More than Coronets'' (1881), ''Caleb Booth's Clerk: A Lancashire Story'' (1878), ''Glory: A Wiltshire Story'', ''Sybilla and other Stories'' (1885), ''Miss Pringle's Pearls'', and ''Bond Slaves – the story of struggle'' (1893), a social novel about Luddites in the North of England. Some of these works went through many editions, re-appearing several times during the 20th century, and some are currently published for sale today as print-on demand editions.


''The Manchester Man''

Banks's novel ''The Manchester Man'' was first serialised in ''
Cassell's Magazine ''Cassell's Magazine'' is a British magazine that was published monthly from 1897 to 1912. It was the successor to ''Cassell's Illustrated Family Paper'', (1853–1867) becoming ''Cassell's Family Magazine'' in 1874, ''Cassell's Magazine'' in 1897 ...
'' between January and November 1874, before being published in three volumes in 1876. The book became her most lasting achievement and is considered to be an important social and historical novel, charting the rise of Jabez Clegg, the eponymous "Manchester Man", from the time of the
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...
to the first
Reform Act In the United Kingdom, Reform Act is most commonly used for legislation passed in the 19th century and early 20th century to enfranchise new groups of voters and to redistribute seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...
. His personal fortunes, from the near tragic snatch of his crib from the River Irk, create a tale of romance and melodrama, his life from apprentice to master and from poverty to wealth, mirroring the growth and prosperity of the city. This is achieved in a politico-historical setting, with vivid accounts of the Peterloo Massacre of 1819 and the Corn-Law riots (the Anti-Corn Law League was formed in Manchester in 1838). In 1896, the year before she died, a well-illustrated edition of ''The Manchester Man'' was published with forty-six plates and three maps. The book is still read throughout the world (following republication in 1991 and again in 1998), and its heroes, Jabez Clegg and Joshua Brooks, are commemorated locally in the names of Manchester public houses. A quotation from the novel ('Mutability is the epitaph of worlds / Change alone is changeless / People drop out of the history of a life as of a land though their work or their influence remains') forms the epitaph on the tombstone of Tony Wilson, one of the founders of Factory Records in Manchester. Anthony Trollope greatly admired Isabella Banks's contribution to literature, and is reported to have observed that her "reward in literary life had fallen short of erdeserts". Shortly thereafter a charity Trollope was involved with, the Royal Literary Fund, provided Isabella with £355.


Political interests

Isabella Banks was involved in campaigning for women's rights, lecturing on ''Woman, as She was, as She is, and as She may Be''. She was a member of the Ladies Committee of the Anti-Corn Law League from 1842.


Death and memorial

Banks died on 4 May 1897 at her home in London. She was buried in the Little Elm Walk at Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington, in London, alongside her husband, who had died in 1881. In 2015, she was honoured with a street named after her within Manchester's First Street development.


References

;Notes ;Bibliography *Andrews, W., ''North Country Poets'', 2 vols, 1888–89. *Hayes, Cliff, 'Memories', ''Manchester Evening News'' p. 32 26 October 1991 *Hays, F., ''Women of the Day'', 1885 * * *''Manchester Faces and Places'', 17 vols, 1889–1906


External links

* * * *
''The Manchester Man – Chapters 1 – 16 (Not complete book) PDF 445kb''
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Banks, Isabella English women novelists English women poets Writers from Manchester 1821 births 1897 deaths Burials at Abney Park Cemetery Victorian women writers Victorian writers 19th-century English poets 19th-century English novelists People from Dalston Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society