Irene Papas or Irene Pappas ( el, Ειρήνη Παππά, Eiríni Pappá, ; born Eirini Lelekou ( el, Ειρήνη Λελέκου, Eiríni Lelékou, link=no); 3 September 1929 – 14 September 2022)
was a Greek actress and singer who starred in over 70 films in a career spanning more than 50 years. She gained international recognition through such popular award-winning films as ''
The Guns of Navarone'' (1961), ''
Zorba the Greek'' (1964) and ''
Z'' (1969). She was a powerful protagonist in films including ''
The Trojan Women
''The Trojan Women'' ( grc, Τρῳάδες, translit=Trōiades), also translated as ''The Women of Troy'', and also known by its transliterated Greek title ''Troades'', is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides. Produced in 415 BC duri ...
'' (1971) and ''
Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; grc, Ἰφιγένεια, , ) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.
In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by hunting ...
'' (1977). She played the title roles in ''
Antigone
In Greek mythology, Antigone ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia. She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene.Roman, L., & R ...
'' (1961) and ''
Electra'' (1962). She had a fine singing voice, on display in the 1968 recording ''
Songs of Theodorakis
''Songs of Theodorakis'' is an album by the Greek actress and singer Irene Papas. She sings eleven songs, all in Greek, written by the Greek songwriter and composer Mikis Theodorakis. The album was first issued in 1968 by RCA Victor (FPM-215 and F ...
''.
Papas won Best Actress awards at the
Berlin International Film Festival
The Berlin International Film Festival (german: Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin), usually called the Berlinale (), is a major international film festival held annually in Berlin, Germany. Founded in 1951 and originally run in June, the fest ...
for ''Antigone'' and from the
National Board of Review
The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts. Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered an early harbinger of the film awards season that culminat ...
for ''The Trojan Women''. Her career awards include the Golden Arrow Award in 1993 at
Hamptons International Film Festival
The Hamptons International Film Festival (HIFF) is an international film festival founded in 1992, by Joyce Robinson. The festival has since taken place every year in East Hampton, New York. It is usually an annual five-day event in mid-October ...
, and the Golden Lion Award in 2009 at the
Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...
.
Early life
Papas was born as Eirini Lelekou (Ειρήνη Λελέκου) on 3 September 1929,
in the village of
Chiliomodi, outside
Corinth
Corinth ( ; el, Κόρινθος, Kórinthos, ) is the successor to an ancient city, and is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese (region), Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government refor ...
, Greece. Her mother, Eleni Prevezanou (Ελένη Πρεβεζάνου), was a schoolteacher, and her father, Stavros Lelekos (Σταύρος Λελέκος), taught classical drama at the Sofikós school in Corinth.
She recalled that she was always acting as a child, making dolls out of rags and sticks; after a touring theatre visited the village performing
Greek tragedies
Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.
Greek tragedy is widely believed t ...
with the women tearing their hair, she used to tie a black scarf around her head and perform for the other children.
The family moved to Athens when she was seven years old.
She was educated from age 15 at the Royal School of Dramatic Art in
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
, taking classes in dance and singing.
She found the acting style advocated by the School old-fashioned, formal, and stylised, and she rebelled against it, causing her to have to repeat a year; she eventually graduated in 1948.
Career
Theatre
Papas began her acting career in Greece in variety and traditional theatre, in plays by
Ibsen,
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...
, and classical
Greek tragedy
Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Greek inhabited Anatolia. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.
Greek tragedy is widely believed t ...
, before moving into film in 1951.
She continued to appear on stage from time to time, including in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
in productions such as
Dostoevsky's ''
The Idiot
''The Idiot'' ( pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform rus, Идиот, Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was first published serially in the journal ''The Russian Messenger'' in 1868–69.
The title is an ...
''. She played in ''
Iphigenia in Aulis
''Iphigenia in Aulis'' or ''Iphigenia at Aulis'' ( grc, Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Αὐλίδι, Īphigéneia en Aulídi; variously translated, including the Latin ''Iphigenia in Aulide'') is the last of the extant works by the playwright Euripide ...
'' in Broadway's
Circle in the Square Theatre
The Circle in the Square Theatre is a Broadway theater at 235 West 50th Street, in the basement of Paramount Plaza, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It is one of two Broadway theaters that use a thrust stage that extends ...
in 1968.
She starred in ''
Medea
In Greek mythology, Medea (; grc, Μήδεια, ''Mēdeia'', perhaps implying "planner / schemer") is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios. Medea figures in the myth of Jason an ...
'' in 1973 on Broadway. Reviewing the production in the ''
New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'', drama critic
Clive Barnes
Clive Alexander Barnes (13 May 1927 – 19 November 2008) was an English writer and critic. From 1965 to 1977, he was the dance and theater critic for ''The New York Times'', and, from 1978 until his death, '' The New York Post.'' Barnes had sig ...
described her as a "very fine, controlled Medea", smouldering with a "carefully dampened passion", constantly fierce.
Theatre critic
Walter Kerr
Walter Francis Kerr (July 8, 1913 – October 9, 1996) was an American writer and Broadway theatre critic. He also was the writer, lyricist, and/or director of several Broadway plays and musicals as well as the author of several books, genera ...
also praised the performance. Both saw in her portrayal what Barnes called an "unrelenting determination and unwavering desire for justice".
She appeared in ''
The Bacchae
''The Bacchae'' (; grc-gre, Βάκχαι, ''Bakchai''; also known as ''The Bacchantes'' ) is an ancient Greek tragedy, written by the Athenian playwright Euripides during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon. ...
'' in 1980 at Circle in the Square,
and in ''Electra'' at the
Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus
The Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus is a theatre in the Greek city of Epidaurus, located on the southeast end of the sanctuary dedicated to the ancient Greek God of medicine, Asclepius. It is built on the west side of Cynortion Mountain, near modern ...
in 1985.
Film
Europe
Papas was discovered by
Elia Kazan in Greece, where she achieved widespread fame.
[ Her first film work was a small part in Nikos Tsiforos's 1948 ''Fallen Angels'' (Greek, " Hamenoi angeloi").] She began to attract attention with her role in Frixos Iliadis's 1952 film '' Dead City'' (Greek, "Nekri Politeia"). The film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Festival (; french: link=no, Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films o ...
, where Papas was welcomed by the international press, and photographed spending time with the wealthy Aga Khan. Greek filmmakers thought her a noncommercial actress, and she tried her hand abroad, signing with Lux Film
Lux Film was an Italian film distribution (and later production) company founded by Riccardo Gualino in 1934.
Gualino was an anti-fascist businessman who had clashed with the regime of Mussolini in 1931 and had been forced into internal exile on ...
in Italy, where the publicity for ''Dead City'' was enough to launch her as a film star. She played in Lux's 1954 films '' Attila'' and ''Theodora, Slave Empress
''Theodora, Slave Empress'' ( it, Teodora, imperatrice di Bisanzio) is a 1954 film about Theodora, a former slave who married Justinian I, emperor of Byzantium in AD 527–565. It was directed by Riccardo Freda.
Cast
*Gianna Maria Canale as " Th ...
'', which attracted Hollywood's attention. Many other films followed, both in Greece and internationally.
She was a leading figure in cinematic transcriptions of ancient tragedy, playing the title roles in George Tzavellas George Tzavellas, also rendered Giorgos Tzavellas, Yiorgos Tzavellas, or Yorgos Javellas ( el, Γιώργος Τζαβέλλας, 1916, Athens – October 18, 1976), was a Greek film director, screenwriter, and playwright. His filmmaking was particu ...
's ''Antigone
In Greek mythology, Antigone ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia. She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene.Roman, L., & R ...
'' (1961) and Michael Cacoyannis
Michael Cacoyannis ( el, Μιχάλης Κακογιάννης, ''Michalis Kakogiannis''; 11 June 1922 – 25 July 2011), sometimes credited as Michael Yannis, was a Greek Cypriot theatre and film director, writer, producer, and actor.
...
's '' Electra'' (1962), with her powerful portrayal of the doomed heroine; this brought her star status. She played Helen in Cacoyannis's ''The Trojan Women
''The Trojan Women'' ( grc, Τρῳάδες, translit=Trōiades), also translated as ''The Women of Troy'', and also known by its transliterated Greek title ''Troades'', is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides. Produced in 415 BC duri ...
'' (1971) opposite Katharine Hepburn, and Clytemnestra
Clytemnestra (; grc-gre, Κλυταιμνήστρα, ''Klytaimnḗstrā'', ), in Greek mythology, was the wife of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and the twin sister of Helen of Troy. In Aeschylus' '' Oresteia'', she murders Agamemnon – said by E ...
with "smoldering eyes", according to ''The New York Times'', in his ''Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; grc, Ἰφιγένεια, , ) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.
In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by hunting ...
'' (1977).
Papas became fluent in Italian, and many of her films were made in that language. She said Cacoyannis was the only director that she was really comfortable with, describing herself as "too obedient" to stand up to other directors. Cacoyannis said that she was part of his decision to make ''Iphigenia'', forming his image of Clytemnestra with her power and physique, and her un-selfpitying, impersonal anger against the injustice of life, something that in his view was accessible to actors from countries like Greece that had experienced long years of oppression.
Alejandro Valverde García described Papas's part in ''The Trojan Women'' as "the most convincing cinematographic Helen that has ever been represented", noting that the script was written with her in mind.
Hollywood
Papas debuted in American film with a bit part in the B-movie '' The Man from Cairo'' (1953); her next American film was a much larger role as Jocasta Constantine, alongside James Cagney, in the Western ''Tribute to a Bad Man
''Tribute to a Bad Man'' is a 1956 American Western film directed by Robert Wise and starring James Cagney about a rancher whose harsh enforcement of frontier justice alienates the woman he loves. It was based on the short story "Hanging's for ...
'' (1956). She then starred in films such as '' The Guns of Navarone'' (1961) and Cacoyannis's '' Zorba the Greek'' (1964), based on Nikos Kazantzakis
Nikos Kazantzakis ( el, ; 2 March (Old Style and New Style dates, OS 18 February) 188326 October 1957) was a Greeks, Greek writer. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in ni ...
's novel of the same name, set to Mikis Theodorakis
Michail "Mikis" Theodorakis ( el, Μιχαήλ "Μίκης" Θεοδωράκης ; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek composer and lyricist credited with over 1,000 works.
He scored for the films ''Zorba the Greek'' (1964), '' Z'' ...
's music, establishing her reputation internationally.
In ''The Guns of Navarone'', she stars as a resistance fighter involved in the action, an addition to Alistair Maclean
Alistair Stuart MacLean ( gd, Alasdair MacGill-Eain; 21 April 1922 – 2 February 1987) was a 20th-century Scottish novelist who wrote popular thrillers and adventure stories. Many of his novels have been adapted to film, most notably '' The ...
's novel, providing a love interest and a strong female character. Gerasimus Katsan comments that she plays a "hard as nails" partisan in ''The Guns of Navarone'', "capable, unafraid, stoic, patriotic, and heroic"; when the men hesitate, she kills the traitorous Anna; but although she interacts romantically with Andreas (Anthony Quinn), she remains "cool and rational", revealing little of her sensual persona; she is as tough as the men, like the stereotype of a Greek village woman, but she is contrasted with them in the film.
Bosley Crowther
Francis Bosley Crowther Jr. (July 13, 1905 – March 7, 1981) was an American journalist, writer, and film critic for ''The New York Times'' for 27 years. His work helped shape the careers of many actors, directors and screenwriters, though his ...
called her appearance in ''Zorba'' "dark and intense as the widow". Katsan said that she was most often remembered as the "sensual widow" in ''Zorba''. Katsan wrote that she was again contrasted to the other village women, playing "the beautiful and tortured widow" who is eventually hunted to death with what Vrasidas Karalis called "elemental nobility". The scholar of film Jefferson Hunter wrote that Papas helped lift ''Zorba'' from being merely an "exuberant" film with the stark passion of her subplot role.
This success did not earn her an easy life; she stated that she did not work for 2 years after ''Electra'', despite the prizes and acclamation; and again, she was out of work for 18 months after ''Zorba''. It turned out to be her most popular film, but she said she earned only $10,000 from it.
Papas played leading roles in critically acclaimed films such as '' Z'' (1969), where her political activist's widow has been called "indelible". She appeared as Catherine of Aragon in ''Anne of the Thousand Days
''Anne of the Thousand Days'' is a 1969 British period historical drama film based on the life of Anne Boleyn, directed by Charles Jarrott and produced by Hal B. Wallis. The screenplay by Bridget Boland and John Hale is an adaptation of the 19 ...
'', opposite Richard Burton
Richard Burton (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor. Noted for his baritone voice, Burton established himself as a formidable Shakespearean actor in the 1950s, and he gave a memorable pe ...
and Geneviève Bujold
Geneviève Bujold (; born July 1, 1942) is a Canadian actress. For her portrayal of Anne Boleyn in the period drama film ''Anne of the Thousand Days'' (1969), Bujold received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other film cre ...
in 1969. In 1976, she starred in ''Mohammad, Messenger of God
''The Message'' ( ar, الرسالة, italic=yes, ''Ar-Risālah'', ''The Message''; originally known as ''Mohammad, Messenger of God'') is a 1976 Islamic epic drama film directed and produced by Moustapha Akkad, chronicling the life and time ...
'' about the origin of Islam. In 1982, she appeared in ''Lion of the Desert
''Lion of the Desert'' is a 1980 epic historical war film about the Second Italo-Senussi War, starring Anthony Quinn as Libyan tribal leader Omar Mukhtar, a Bedouin leader fighting the ''Regio Esercito'' ( Royal Italian Army) and Oliver Reed as ...
''. One of her last film appearances was in '' Captain Corelli's Mandolin'' in 2001, where in Katsan's view she was underused reprising her strong peasant woman from ''The Guns of Navarone'' and the widow from ''Zorba''.
Stardom
The ''Enciclopedia Italiana
The ''Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere e Arti'' ( Italian for "Italian Encyclopedia of Science, Letters, and Arts"), best known as ''Treccani'' for its developer Giovanni Treccani or ''Enciclopedia Italiana'', is an Italian-language ...
'' described Papas as a typical Mediterranean beauty, with a lovely voice both in singing and acting, greatly talented and with an adventurous spirit. Olga Kourelou added that film-makers from Cacoyannis onwards have made systematic use of her looks: "Her chalk-white skin and long black hair, dark brown eyes, thick arched eyebrows, and straight nose make Papas appear as the quintessential idea of Greek beauty." She writes that the camera has lingered in close-up on Papas's face, and that she is often photographed in profile, intentionally recalling the iconography of ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of Classical Antiquity, classical antiquity ( AD 600), th ...
. Kourelou gives as example the profile shot in ''Iphigenia'' where Papas sings a lullaby to her daughter, in front of a Hellenic sculpture of a woman, the shot bringing out the resemblance of their facial features; she notes that posters of Papas have often used the same motif.
Gerasimus Katsan wrote that she is the best-known and most recognisable Greek film star, "an actor with incredible range, power, and subtlety". In the view of the film critic Philip Kemp,
Kemp described Papas as an awe-inspiring presence, which paradoxically limited her career. He admired her roles in Cacoyannis's films, including the defiant Helen of Troy in ''The Trojan Women''; the vengeful, grief-stricken Clytemnestra
Clytemnestra (; grc-gre, Κλυταιμνήστρα, ''Klytaimnḗstrā'', ), in Greek mythology, was the wife of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and the twin sister of Helen of Troy. In Aeschylus' '' Oresteia'', she murders Agamemnon – said by E ...
in ''Iphigenia''; and "memorably"[ as the cool but sensual widow in ''Zorba the Greek''.][ David Thomson, in his ''Biographical Dictionary of Film'', called Papas's manner in ''Iphigenia'' "blatant declaiming".] She stood out, too, in Costa-Gavras
Costa-Gavras (short for Konstantinos Gavras; el, Κωνσταντίνος Γαβράς; born 12 February 1933) is a Greek-French film director, screenwriter, and producer who lives and works in France. He is known for films with political and s ...
's 1968 political film '' Z'' based on a real-life assassination, and in Ruy Guerra's 1983 '' Eréndira'', with a screenplay by the novelist Gabriel García Márquez
Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (; 6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo () or Gabito () throughout Latin America. Considered one ...
.
The film critic Roger Ebert observed that there were many "pretty girls" in cinema "but not many women", and called Papas a great actress. Ebert noted her uphill struggle, her height, limiting the leading men she could play alongside, her accent limiting the roles she could take, and that "her unusual beauty is not the sort that superstar actresses like to compete with." Ordinary actors, he suggested, had trouble sharing the screen with Papas. All the same, her presence in many well-known movies, wrote Ebert, inspired "something of a cult".
In his book on Greek cinema, Mel Schuster called Papas a great actress on the strength of her roles in four of Cacoyannis's films. He found her stage presence awe-inspiring, especially in ''Electra'', and so powerful as to limit the film roles she could take, as she seemed to be an elemental force of nature. That resulted, Schuster stated, in Hollywood's treating her as "a Mother Earth who suffered and survived, but rarely talked or acted". That made her Helen in ''The Trojan Women'', pacing up and down like a caged panther "with just the searching eyes darting through the bars", a "marvelous surprise", as Hollywood saw that in fact she was also an accomplished actor. In his view, casting her as the beautiful Helen was daring, as Papas was not, in 1971, as conventionally beautiful as a Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr (; born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler; November 9, 1914 January 19, 2000) was an Austrian-born American film actress and inventor. A film star during Hollywood's golden age, Lamarr has been described as one of the greatest movie actress ...
or an Elizabeth Taylor; if she was the face that launched a thousand ships, then she brought "a force which might indeed have inspired a holocaust". Schuster commented that in each of the four Cacoyannis films, one shot of Papas's gave "indelible pleasure" and remained etched in the memory. In ''Iphigenia'', that shot was in his view wisely placed at the end, under the closing credits, so that viewers see her until that moment as a versatile and powerfully histrionic actress, appropriate both to the ancient mythic dimensions of the tale and to a modern psychological reading of the myth.
Bella Vivante contrasted Papas's dark-haired Helen in ''The Trojan Women'' with the conventional choice of a blonde, Rossana Podestà
Rossana Podestà (born Carla Dora Podestà; 20 June 1934 – 10 December 2013) was an Italian actress who worked mainly in Italy from the 1950s to the 1970s.
Biography
Podestà was born in Tripoli in the Italian colony of Libya. She spent her f ...
, in Robert Wise
Robert Earl Wise (September 10, 1914 – September 14, 2005) was an American film director, producer, and editor. He won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for his musical films ''West Side Story'' (1961) and ''The Sound of ...
's 1956 '' Helen of Troy''. Where Wise emphasised Helen's seductive gaze and framed Podesta as an ideal beauty for the audience to look at, Cacoyannis made the scenes framed as Papas's gaze provide "an empowering female identity".
The scholar of Greek, Gerasimus Katsan, called her the most recognizable and best-known Greek film star, with "range, power, and subtlety", stating that her work made her a kind of national hero. She acted strong women with "beauty and sensuality, but also fierce independence and spirit".
Robert Stam wrote of Papas's role in Ruy Guerra
Ruy Alexandre Guerra Coelho Pereira (born August 22, 1931) is a Portuguese-Brazilian film director and screenwriter. Guerra was born a Portuguese citizen in Lourenço Marques (today Maputo) in Mozambique, when it was still a Portuguese colony.
...
's 1983 '' Eréndira'' that "the near-indestructible grandmother f the eponymous young prostitutereigns supreme"; she gives the effect of "a kind of queen" both through the regal props and her powerful performance, at once villainous and sympathetic, "an oracle who speaks truths, especially about men and love".
Kourelou wrote that although Papas had appeared in the films of both European and American "''auteurs''", she was best known as a ''tragedienne'', citing the film-maker Manoel de Oliveira's remark that "this great tragedienne is the grand and beautiful image that embodies the deepest essence of the female soul. She is the image of Greece of all time ..., the mother of western civilisation". In Kourelou's view, Papas's tragic persona "offers an image of sublimated beauty with a transcendental quality"; she notes that Papas is neither "sexualised nor glamorised" with the single exception of her role as Helen in ''The Trojan Women''.
In 1973, she was honoured with a photo shoot by the Magnum photographer Ferdinando Scianna
Ferdinando Scianna (4 July 1943) is an Italian photographer. Scianna won the Prix Nadar in 1966 and became a full member of Magnum Photos in 1989. He has produced numerous books.
Career
Scianna took up photography while studying literature, philos ...
.
Asked about her acting for film and stage, and in classical and modern films, Papas stated that the acting techniques and method of expressing oneself are the same. One might, she said, need to use a louder voice on a classical stage, but "you always use the same soul". She denied having any secret to acting with such energy, but said that one's attitude to death was what drove action. Death was in her view "the greatest catalyst in human life"; while waiting to die, one had to decide what to do with one's life.
Singing
In 1969, the RCA
The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Comp ...
label released Papas' vinyl LP, ''Songs of Theodorakis
''Songs of Theodorakis'' is an album by the Greek actress and singer Irene Papas. She sings eleven songs, all in Greek, written by the Greek songwriter and composer Mikis Theodorakis. The album was first issued in 1968 by RCA Victor (FPM-215 and F ...
'' (INTS 1033). This has 11 songs sung in Greek, conducted by Harry Lemonopoulos and produced by Andy Wiswell, with sleeve notes in English by Michael Cacoyannis
Michael Cacoyannis ( el, Μιχάλης Κακογιάννης, ''Michalis Kakogiannis''; 11 June 1922 – 25 July 2011), sometimes credited as Michael Yannis, was a Greek Cypriot theatre and film director, writer, producer, and actor.
...
. It was released on CD in 2005 (FM 1680). Papas knew Mikis Theodorakis
Michail "Mikis" Theodorakis ( el, Μιχαήλ "Μίκης" Θεοδωράκης ; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek composer and lyricist credited with over 1,000 works.
He scored for the films ''Zorba the Greek'' (1964), '' Z'' ...
from working with him on '' Zorba the Greek''[ as early as 1964. The critic ]Clive Barnes
Clive Alexander Barnes (13 May 1927 – 19 November 2008) was an English writer and critic. From 1965 to 1977, he was the dance and theater critic for ''The New York Times'', and, from 1978 until his death, '' The New York Post.'' Barnes had sig ...
said of her singing performance on the album that "Irene Pappas is known to the public as an actress, but that is why she sings with such intensity, her very appearance, with her raven hair, is an equally dynamic means of expression".
In 1972, she appeared on the album ''666
666 may refer to:
* 666 (number)
* 666 BC, a year
* AD 666, a year
* The number of the beast, a reference in the Book of Revelation in the New Testament
Places
* 666 Desdemona, a minor planet in the asteroid belt
* U.S. Route 666, an America ...
'' by the Greek rock group Aphrodite's Child
Aphrodite's Child was a Greek rock and pop band formed in 1967, by Vangelis Papathanassiou (keyboards, flutes), Demis Roussos (bass, acoustic and electric guitar, vocals), Loukas Sideras (drums and vocals), and Silver Koulouris (guitar). They ...
on the track "∞" (''infinity''). She chants "I was, I am, I am to come" repeatedly and wildly over a percussive backing, worrying the label, Mercury, who hesitated over releasing the album, causing controversy with her "graphic orgasm".
In 1979, Polydor
Polydor Records Ltd. is a German-British record label that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a close relationship with Universal's Interscope Geffen A&M Records label, which distributes Polydor's releases in the United States ...
released her album of eight Greek folk songs
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
entitled ''Odes
Odes may refer to:
*The plural of ode, a type of poem
* ''Odes'' (Horace), a collection of poems by the Roman author Horace, circa 23 BCE
*Odes of Solomon, a pseudepigraphic book of the Bible
*Book of Odes (Bible), a Deuterocanonical book of the ...
'', with electronic music performed (and partly composed) by Vangelis
Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou ( el, Ευάγγελος Οδυσσέας Παπαθανασίου ; 29 March 1943 – 17 May 2022), known professionally as Vangelis ( ; el, Βαγγέλης, links=no ), was a Greek composer and arranger of ...
. The lyrics were co-written by Arianna Stassinopoulos. They collaborated again in 1986 for ''Rapsodies
''Rapsodies'' ( el, Ραψωδίες) is an album of Greek songs by Irene Papas and Vangelis, featuring music and text based on (or inspired by) Greek Orthodox liturgical chant, with two tracks composed by Vangelis. Recorded in Nemo studios, Lond ...
'', an electronic rendition of seven Byzantine liturgy
The Byzantine Rite, also known as the Greek Rite or the Rite of Constantinople, identifies the wide range of cultural, liturgical, and canonical practices that developed in the Eastern Christian Church of Constantinople.
The canonical hours are ...
hymns, also on Polydor; Jonny Trunk wrote that there was "no doubting the power, fire and earthy delights of Papas' voice".
Politics
In 1967, Papas, a lifelong liberal, called for a "cultural boycott" against the "Fourth Reich", meaning the military government of Greece at that time. Her opposition to the regime sent her, and other artists such as Mikis Theodorakis, whose songs she sang, into exile when the military junta
A military junta () is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in ...
came to power in Greece in 1967; she moved into temporary exile in Italy and New York. When the junta fell in 1974, she returned to Greece, spending time both in Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
and in her family's village house in Chiliomodi, as well as continuing to work in Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
.
Personal life
In 1947 she married the film director Alkis Papas; they divorced in 1951.
In 1954 she met the actor Marlon Brando and they had a long love affair, which they kept secret at the time. Fifty years later, when Brando died, she recalled that "I have never since loved a man as I loved Marlon. He was the great passion of my life, absolutely the man I cared about the most and also the one I esteemed most, two things that generally are difficult to reconcile".
Her second marriage was to the film producer José Kohn in 1957; that marriage was later annulled. She was the aunt of the film director Manousos Manousakis
Manousos Manousakis ( el, Μανούσος ΜανουσάκηςΜανουσάκης, Albanian: Manush Manushaqja) is a well-known Greek director, producer, writer and actor. He was born in Athens, Greece on 14 January 1950. He studied at the Lon ...
and the actor Aias Manthopoulos.
In 2003 she served on the board of directors of the Anna-Marie Foundation, a fund which provided assistance to people in rural areas of Greece. In 2013 she began to suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Papas spent her final years in Chiliomodi. She died there on 14 September 2022, at the age of 93.
Awards and distinctions
* 1961: 11th Berlin International Film Festival
The 11th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 23 June to 4 July 1961. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian film ''La notte'' directed by Michelangelo Antonioni.
Jury
The following people were announced as being on the j ...
(Best Actress, for the film ''Antigone'')
* 1962: Thessaloniki International Film Festival
The Thessaloniki International Film Festival (TIFF), organized by the cultural institution of the same name under the auspices of the Greek Ministry of Culture, is held every November in Thessaloniki.TIFF features international competition secti ...
(Best Actress, for the film ''Elektra'')
* 1971: National Board of Review
The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts. Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered an early harbinger of the film awards season that culminat ...
(Best Actress, for the film ''The Trojan Women'')
* 1987 Venice Film Festival jury president
* 1993: Golden Arrow Award for lifetime achievement, at Hamptons International Film Festival
The Hamptons International Film Festival (HIFF) is an international film festival founded in 1992, by Joyce Robinson. The festival has since taken place every year in East Hampton, New York. It is usually an annual five-day event in mid-October ...
* 1993: Flaiano Prize
The Flaiano Prizes ( it, Premi Flaiano) are a set of Italian international awards recognizing achievements in the fields of creative writing, cinema, theater and radio-television.
Established to honour the Italian author and screenwriter Ennio Fla ...
for Theatre (Career Award)
* 2009: ''Leone d'oro alla carriera'' (Golden Lion career award), Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale (; it, La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation. The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of ...
She received the honours of Commander of the Order of the Phoenix in Greece, Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres in France, and Commander of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
The Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise ( es, Orden Civil de Alfonso X el Sabio) is a Spanish civil order established in 1939, recognising activities in the fields of education, science, culture, higher education and research.
The order was create ...
in Spain.
In 2017, it was announced that the National Theatre of Greece
The National Theatre of Greece () is based in Athens, Greece.
History
The first permanent theatre in modern Greece had been the Boukoura Theatre from 1840, but it had difficulty in managing its operation and stood empty for long periods of t ...
's drama school would move to a new "Irene Papas – Athens School" on Agiou Konstantinou Street in Athens from 2018.
Discography
* 1968 : ''Songs of Theodorakis
''Songs of Theodorakis'' is an album by the Greek actress and singer Irene Papas. She sings eleven songs, all in Greek, written by the Greek songwriter and composer Mikis Theodorakis. The album was first issued in 1968 by RCA Victor (FPM-215 and F ...
'', in concert in New York, music conducted by Harry Lemonopoulos
* 1972 : ''666'' from ''Aphrodite's Child
Aphrodite's Child was a Greek rock and pop band formed in 1967, by Vangelis Papathanassiou (keyboards, flutes), Demis Roussos (bass, acoustic and electric guitar, vocals), Loukas Sideras (drums and vocals), and Silver Koulouris (guitar). They ...
'' starring Vangelis
Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou ( el, Ευάγγελος Οδυσσέας Παπαθανασίου ; 29 March 1943 – 17 May 2022), known professionally as Vangelis ( ; el, Βαγγέλης, links=no ), was a Greek composer and arranger of ...
and Demis Roussos
Artemios "Demis" Ventouris-Roussos ( ; el, Αρτέμιος "Ντέμης" Βεντούρης-Ρούσσος, ; 15 June 1946 – 25 January 2015) was a Greek singer, songwriter and musician. As a band member he is best remembered for his work in ...
- Chanting on ''∞'' (infinity)
* 1979 : ''Ωδές'' – ''Odes
Odes may refer to:
*The plural of ode, a type of poem
* ''Odes'' (Horace), a collection of poems by the Roman author Horace, circa 23 BCE
*Odes of Solomon, a pseudepigraphic book of the Bible
*Book of Odes (Bible), a Deuterocanonical book of the ...
'' – with Vangelis
* 1986 : ''Ραψωδίες'' – ''Rapsodies
''Rapsodies'' ( el, Ραψωδίες) is an album of Greek songs by Irene Papas and Vangelis, featuring music and text based on (or inspired by) Greek Orthodox liturgical chant, with two tracks composed by Vangelis. Recorded in Nemo studios, Lond ...
'' – with Vangelis
Filmography
* ' (Greek, "Hamenoi angeloi", 1948) as Liana
* '' Dead City'' (Greek, "Nekri Politeia", 1951) as Lena
* ''The Unfaithfuls
''The Unfaithfuls'' ( it, Le infedeli) is a 1953 Italian comedy drama film directed by Mario Monicelli and Steno and starring Gina Lollobrigida.
Cast
* Gina Lollobrigida as Lulla Possenti
* May Britt as Liliana Rogers
* Pierre Cressoy as Osv ...
'' (Italian, "Le Infideli", 1953) as Luisa Azzali
* '' Come Back!'' (Italian, "Torna!", 1953)
* '' The Man from Cairo'' (Italian, "Dramma del Casbah", 1953) as Yvonne Lebeau[
* '']Vortex
In fluid dynamics, a vortex ( : vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in ...
'' (Italian, "Vortice", 1953) as Clara
* ''Theodora, Slave Empress
''Theodora, Slave Empress'' ( it, Teodora, imperatrice di Bisanzio) is a 1954 film about Theodora, a former slave who married Justinian I, emperor of Byzantium in AD 527–565. It was directed by Riccardo Freda.
Cast
*Gianna Maria Canale as " Th ...
'' (Italian, "Teodora, Imperatrice di Bisanzio", 1954) as Faidia
* '' Attila'' (Italian, "Attila, il flagello di Dio", 1954) as Grune
* ''Tribute to a Bad Man
''Tribute to a Bad Man'' is a 1956 American Western film directed by Robert Wise and starring James Cagney about a rancher whose harsh enforcement of frontier justice alienates the woman he loves. It was based on the short story "Hanging's for ...
'' (1956) as Jocasta Constantine[
* '' The Power and the Prize'' (1956)][
* '']Bouboulina
Laskarina Bouboulina ( el, Λασκαρίνα Μπουμπουλίνα; 1771 – 22 May 1825) was a Greek naval commander, heroine of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, and considered the first woman to attain the rank of admiral.
She was b ...
'' (Greek, 1959) as Laskarina Bouboulina
* '' The Guns of Navarone'' (1961) as Maria[
* '']Antigone
In Greek mythology, Antigone ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is the daughter of Oedipus and either his mother Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia. She is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene.Roman, L., & R ...
'' (Greek, 1961) as Antigone
* '' Electra'' (Greek, 1962) as Electra
* ''The Moon-Spinners
''The Moon-Spinners'' is a 1964 American mystery film starring Hayley Mills, Eli Wallach and Peter McEnery in a story about a jewel thief hiding on the island of Crete. Produced by Walt Disney Productions, the film was based upon a 1962 suspense ...
'' (1964) as Sophia[
* '' Zorba the Greek'' (1964) as the widow][
* '']Trap for the Assassin
''Trap for the Assassin'' (french: Roger la Honte) is a 1966 film directed by Riccardo Freda and starring Georges Géret, Irene Papas and Jean-Pierre Marielle. It is an adaptation of the 1886 novel ''Roger la Honte'' by Jules Mary.
Cast
* Geor ...
'' (French, "Roger la Honte", 1966) as Julia de Noirville[
* ' (German, "Zeugin aus der Hölle", 1966) as Lea Weiss][
* '']We Still Kill the Old Way
''We Still Kill the Old Way'' ( it, A ciascuno il suo; ) is a 1967 Italian crime film directed by Elio Petri. It was entered into the 1967 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best Screenplay. It is based on the novel '' To Each H ...
'' (Italian, "A ciascuno il suo", 1967) as Luisa Roscio
* ''The Desperate Ones
''The Desperate Ones'' or ''Beyond the Mountains'' (Spanish: ''Más allá de las montañas'') is a 1967 American-Spanish dramatic adventure film directed by Alexander Ramati and starring Maximilian Schell, Irene Papas and Raf Vallone.Goble p.86 ...
'' (Spanish, "Más allá de las montañas", 1967) as Ajmi
* ''The Odyssey
The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Iliad'', th ...
'' (Italian, "L'Odissea", 1968, TV Mini-series) as Penelope
* '' The Brotherhood'' (1968) as Ida Ginetta
* ' (Italian, "Ecce Homo – I sopravvissuti", 1968) as Anna
* '' Z'' (French, 1969) as Helene[
* '' A Dream of Kings'' (1969) as Caliope][
* '']Anne of the Thousand Days
''Anne of the Thousand Days'' is a 1969 British period historical drama film based on the life of Anne Boleyn, directed by Charles Jarrott and produced by Hal B. Wallis. The screenplay by Bridget Boland and John Hale is an adaptation of the 19 ...
'' (1969) as Queen Katherine[
* '']The Trojan Women
''The Trojan Women'' ( grc, Τρῳάδες, translit=Trōiades), also translated as ''The Women of Troy'', and also known by its transliterated Greek title ''Troades'', is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides. Produced in 415 BC duri ...
'' (1971) as Helen of Troy[
* '' Oasis of Fear'' (''Un posto ideale per uccidere'', 1971) as Barbara Slater]
* '' Rome Good'' (Italian, "Roma Bene", 1971) as Elena Teopoulos[
* ' (Italian, "N.P. – Il segreto", 1971) as the housewife
* '']Don't Torture a Duckling
''Don't Torture a Duckling'' ( it, Non si sevizia un paperino) is a 1972 Italian giallo film directed by Lucio Fulci, starring Florinda Bolkan, Tomas Milian and Barbara Bouchet. The plot follows a detective investigating a series of child murde ...
'' (Italian, "Non si servizia un paperino", 1972) as Dona Aurelia Avallone[
* '' 1931, Once Upon a Time in New York'' (1972) as Donna Mimma][
* '' Battle of Sutjeska'' (Serbian, "Sutjeska", 1973) as Boro's mother
* '']I'll Take Her Like a Father I'll may refer to
* "I'll", meaning "I will" or "I shall", a contraction (grammar)
* ''I'll'' (manga)
* "I'll", a song by Band-Maid from '' Unleash''
* "I'll", a song by Dir En Grey
Dir En Grey (stylized as DIR EN GREY and previously as Dir en ...
'' (Italian, "Le farò da padre", 1974) as Raimonda Spina Tommaselli
* '' Moses the Lawgiver'' (Italian, "Mose", 1974) (TV miniseries) as Zipporah[
* '']Mohammad, Messenger of God
''The Message'' ( ar, الرسالة, italic=yes, ''Ar-Risālah'', ''The Message''; originally known as ''Mohammad, Messenger of God'') is a 1976 Islamic epic drama film directed and produced by Moustapha Akkad, chronicling the life and time ...
'' (Arabic, "Ar-Risālah", 1976) as Hind bint Utbah[
* '']Blood Wedding
''Blood Wedding'' ( es, link=no, Bodas de sangre) is a tragedy by Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. It was written in 1932 and first performed at Teatro Beatriz in Madrid in March 1933, then later that year in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
'' (Spanish, "Bodas de Sangre", 1977) as the mother
* ''Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; grc, Ἰφιγένεια, , ) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.
In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by hunting ...
'' (Greek, 1977) as Clytemnestra
Clytemnestra (; grc-gre, Κλυταιμνήστρα, ''Klytaimnḗstrā'', ), in Greek mythology, was the wife of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and the twin sister of Helen of Troy. In Aeschylus' '' Oresteia'', she murders Agamemnon – said by E ...
[
* ''The Man of Corleone'' (Italian, "L'uomo di Corleone", 1977)]
* '' Christ Stopped at Eboli'' (Italian, "Cristo si e fermato a Eboli", 1979) as Giulia
* ''Bloodline
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic informa ...
'' (1979) as Simonetta Palazzi[
* ' (Italian, "Un'ombra nell'ombra", 1979) as Raffaella
* '']Lion of the Desert
''Lion of the Desert'' is a 1980 epic historical war film about the Second Italo-Senussi War, starring Anthony Quinn as Libyan tribal leader Omar Mukhtar, a Bedouin leader fighting the ''Regio Esercito'' ( Royal Italian Army) and Oliver Reed as ...
'' (Arabic, "Asadu alsahra", 1981) as Mabrouka[
* '' The All Pepper Social Worker'' (Italian, "L'assistente sociale tutto pepe", 1981)] as the fairy
* ''Manuel's Tribulations'' (French, "Les Tribulations de Manuel", 1982) (TV series)
* ''The Ballad of Mameluke'' (French, "La Ballade de Mamlouk", 1982)
* '' Eréndira'' (Mexico, 1983) as the grandmother[
* ' (French, "Afghanistan pourquoi?" 1983)] as cultural attaché
* ''The Deserter
The Deserter or Deserter (s) may refer to:
Film and television
* ''The Deserter'' (1912 film), a silent film by Thomas H. Ince
* ''The Deserter'' (1933 film), a film by Vsevolod Pudovkin
* ''The Deserter'' (1971 film), a film by Burt Kennedy
...
'' (Italian, "Il disertore", 1983) as Mariangela[
* ''In the Shade of the Great Oak'' (Italian, ""All'ombra della grande quercia, 1984) (TV mini-series)
* '' Into the Night'' (Italian, ''Tutto in una notte'', 1985) as Shaheen Parvizi]
* ''The Assisi Underground
''The Assisi Underground: The Priests Who Rescued Jews'' is a 1978 novel written by Alexander Ramati based on a true-life account, told by Father Rufino Niccacci, of events surrounding the Assisi Network, an effort to hide 300 Jews in the town of ...
'' (1985) as Mother Giuseppina
* '' Sweet Country'' (1987) as Mrs. Araya
* ''Chronicle of a Death Foretold
''Chronicle of a Death Foretold'' ( es, Crónica de una muerte anunciada) is a novella by Gabriel García Márquez, published in 1981. It tells, in the form of a pseudo-journalistic reconstruction, the story of the murder of Santiago Nasar by ...
'' (1987) as Angela's mother
* '' High Season'' (1987) as Penelope
* ' (Italian, "Un bambino di nome Gesù", 1987) (TV film)
* ''The Cardboard Suitcase'' (Portuguese, "A Mala de Cartão", 1988) (TV miniseries), as Maria Amélia
* ' (Italian, "Il banchetto di Platone", 1988) as Diotima
* ''Island
An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...
'' (1989) as Marquise
* ' (French, "Les Cavaliers aux yeux verts", 1990) as Anasthasie Rouch
* ' (Italian, "L'ispettore anticrimine", 1993) as Maria
* ''Stolen Love'' (Italian, "Amore Rubato", 1993)
* ''Jacob
Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. J ...
'' (1994) (TV film) as Rebeccah
* ''Melvin, Son of Alvin
''Melvin, Son of Alvin'' is a 1984 Australian comedy film. It is a sequel to ''Alvin Purple'',David Stratton, ''The Avocado Plantation: Boom and Bust in the Australian Film Industry'', Pan MacMillan, 1990 p.309 but also was released in the United ...
'' (1994) as Mrs. Hasim
* ''Party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often featur ...
'' (1996) as Irene[
* '']The Odyssey
The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Iliad'', th ...
'' (1997) (TV miniseries) as Anticlea[
* '']Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion which is characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. Anxiety is different than fear in that the former is defined as the anticipation of a future threat wh ...
'' ("Inquietude", 1998) as the mother[
* '']Yerma
''Yerma'' is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. It was written in 1934 and first performed that same year. García Lorca describes the play as "a tragic poem." The play tells the story of a childless woman living in rural S ...
'' (Spanish, 1998) as the old pagan woman[
* '' Captain Corelli's Mandolin'' (2001) as Drosoula][
* '' A Talking Picture'' (2003) as Helena]
Notes
References
External links
*
*
*
Irène Papas regarding her work as an actress
(video interview with context and transcript) from Europe of Cultures, 1 June 1980
{{DEFAULTSORT:Papas, Irene
1929 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Greek actresses
21st-century Greek actresses
Commanders of the Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
Commanders of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in Greece
Greek communists
Greek expatriates in Italy
Greek film actresses
People from Tenea