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Iranian-Armenians ( hy, իրանահայեր ''iranahayer''), also known as Persian-Armenians ( hy, պարսկահայեր ''parskahayer''), are
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
ians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language. Estimates of their number in Iran range from 70,000 to 200,000. Areas with a high concentration of them include Tabriz,
Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
, Salmas and Isfahan's Jolfa (Nor Jugha) quarter. Armenians have lived for millennia in the territory that forms modern-day Iran. Many of the oldest Armenian churches, monasteries, and chapels are located within modern-day Iran. Iranian Armenia, which includes modern-day
Armenian Republic Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
was part of
Qajar Iran Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م ...
up to 1828. Iran had one of the largest populations of Armenians in the world alongside neighboring Ottoman Empire until the beginning of the 20th century. Armenians were influential and active in the modernization of Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries. After the
Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dyna ...
, many Armenians emigrated to Armenian diasporic communities in
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
and
Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
. Today the Armenians are Iran's largest Christian religious minority.


History

Since Antiquity there has always been much interaction between ancient
Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
and
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
(
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
). The Armenian people are amongst the native ethnic groups of northwestern Iran (known as Iranian Azerbaijan), having millennia-long recorded history there while the region (or parts of it) have had made up part of historical Armenia numerous times in history. These historical Armenian regions that nowadays include Iranian Azerbaijan are Nor Shirakan,
Vaspurakan Vaspurakan (, Western Armenian pronunciation: ''Vasbouragan'') was the eighth province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia, which later became an independent kingdom during the Middle Ages, centered on Lake Van. Located in what is now southeast ...
, and
Paytakaran Paytakaran ( hy, Փայտակարան, translit=Pʻaytakaran) was the easternmost province ( or ) of the Kingdom of Armenia. The province was located in the area of the lower courses of the Kura and Arax rivers, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. It ...
. Many of the oldest Armenian chapels, monasteries and churches in the world are located within this region of Iran. On the Behistun Inscription of 515 BC,
Darius the Great Darius I ( peo, 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ; grc-gre, Δαρεῖος ; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his d ...
indirectly confirmed that
Urartu Urartu (; Assyrian: ',Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65. Babylonian: ''Urashtu'', he, אֲרָרָט ''Ararat'') is a geographical region and Iron Age kingdom also known as the Kingdom of V ...
and Armenia are synonymous when describing his conquests. Armenia became a
satrap A satrap () was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. The satrap served as viceroy to the king, though with cons ...
y of the Persian Empire for a long period of time. Regardless, relations between
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
and
Persians The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. ...
were cordial. The cultural links between the Armenians and the Persians can be traced back to Zoroastrian times. Prior to the 3rd century AD, no other neighbor had as much influence on Armenian life and culture as
Parthia Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Med ...
. They shared many religious and cultural characteristics, and intermarriage among Parthian and Armenian nobility was common. For twelve more centuries, Armenia was under the direct or indirect rule of the Persians. While much influenced by Persian culture and religion, Armenia also retained its unique characteristics as a nation. Later, Armenian Christianity retained some Zoroastrian vocabulary and ritual. In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks drove thousands of Armenians into Iranian Azerbaijan, where some were sold as slaves and others worked as artisans and merchants. After the Mongol conquest of Iran in the 13th century, many Armenian merchants and artists settled in Iran, in cities that were once part of historic Armenia such as
Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest ci ...
, Salmas, Maku, Maragheh,
Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an al ...
, and especially Tabriz.


Early modern to late modern era

Although Armenians have a long history of interaction and settlement with Persia/Iran and within the modern-day borders of the nation, Iran's Armenian community emerged under the Safavids. In the 16th century, the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
and Safavid Iran divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both
Western Armenia Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, ''Arevmdian Hayasdan'') is a term to refer to the eastern parts of Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that are part of the historical homeland of the Armenians. Weste ...
and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century-long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in
Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes A ...
, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rival empires. From the mid-16th century with the
Peace of Amasya The Peace of Amasya ( fa, پیمان آماسیه ("Peymān-e Amasiyeh"); tr, Amasya Antlaşması) was a treaty agreed to on May 29, 1555, between Shah Tahmasp of Safavid Iran and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire at the cit ...
, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the
Treaty of Zuhab The Treaty of Zuhab ( fa, عهدنامه زهاب, ''Ahadnāmah Zuhab''), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ( tr, Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639. The accord e ...
until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
ian Safavid,
Afsharid Afsharid Iran ( fa, ایران افشاری), also referred as the Afsharid Empire was an Iranian empire established by the Turkoman Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Iran (Persia). The state was ruled by the A ...
and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. From 1604 Abbas I of Iran implemented a
scorched earth A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, which usually includes obvious weapons, transport vehicles, commun ...
policy in the region to protect his north-western frontier against any invading Ottoman forces, a policy which involved a forced resettlement of masses of Armenians outside of their homelands.H. Nahavandi, Y. Bomati, ''Shah Abbas, empereur de Perse (1587–1629)'' (Perrin, Paris, 1998) Shah Abbas relocated an estimated 500,000 Armenians from his Armenian lands during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618 to an area of Isfahan called New Julfa, which was created to become an Armenian quarter, and to the villages surrounding Isfahan. Iran quickly recognized the Armenians' dexterity in commerce. The community became active in the cultural and economic development of Iran. Bourvari ( hy, Բուրւարի) is a collection of villages in Iran between the city of Khomeyn ( Markazi province) and
Aligudarz Aligudarz ( fa, اليگودرز), also known as ‘Ali Gudār, is a city and capital of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78,690, in 18,115 families. Aligudarz is located 420 km from Tehran and ...
( Lorestan province). It was mainly populated by Armenians who were forcibly deported to the region by Shah Abbas of the Safavid Persian Empire during the same as part of Abbas's massive scorched earth resettlement policies within the empire. The villages populated by the Armenians in Bourvari were Dehno, Khorzend, Farajabad, Bahmanabad and Sangesfid.


Loss of Eastern Armenia

From the late 18th century, Imperial Russia switched to a more aggressive geo-political stance towards its two neighbors and rivals to the south, namely Iran and the Ottoman Empire. As a result of the Treaty of Gulistan (1813), Qajar Iran was forced to irrevocably cede swaths of its territories in the Caucasus, comprising modern-day Eastern Georgia,
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North Ca ...
, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan. By the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), Qajar Iran had to cede the remainder of its Caucasian territories, comprising modern-day Armenia and the remaining part of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic.Timothy C. Dowlin
''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''
pp 729 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014
The ceding of what is modern-day Armenia (Eastern Armenia in general) in 1828 resulted in a large number of Armenians falling now under the rule of the Russians. Iranian Armenia was thus supplanted by Russian Armenia. The Treaty of Turkmenchay further stipulated that the
Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the ter ...
had the right to encourage the resettling of Armenians from Iran into the newly established Russian Armenia. This resulted in a large demographic shift; many of Iran's Armenians followed the call, while many Caucasian Muslims migrated to Iran proper. Until the mid-fourteenth century, Armenians had constituted a majority in Eastern Armenia. At the close of the fourteenth century, after
Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kü ...
's campaigns, Islam had become the dominant faith, and Armenians became a minority in Eastern Armenia. In the wake of the Russian invasion of Iran and the subsequent loss of territories, Muslims (
Persians The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. ...
, Turkic speakers, and
Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian peoples, Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Ir ...
) constituted some 80% of the population of Iranian Armenia, whereas Christian
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
constituted a minority of about 20%. After the Russian administration took hold of Iranian Armenia, the ethnic make-up shifted, and thus for the first time in more than four centuries, ethnic Armenians started to form a majority once again in one part of historic Armenia. The new Russian administration encouraged the settling of ethnic Armenians from Iran proper and Ottoman Turkey. Some 35,000 Muslims out of more than 100,000 emigrated from the region, while some 57,000 Armenians from Iran proper and Turkey arrived after 1828 (see also Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829). As a result, by 1832, the number of ethnic Armenians had matched that of the Muslims. Not until after the
Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...
and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, which brought another influx of Turkish Armenians, would ethnic Armenians once again establish a solid majority in Eastern Armenia. Nevertheless, Erivan remained a Muslim-majority city up to the twentieth century. According to the traveller H. F. B. Lynch, the city of Erivan was about 50% Armenian and 50% Muslim (Tatars i.e. Azeris and Persians) in the early 1890s. With these events of the first half of the 19th century, and the end of centuries of Iranian rule over Eastern Armenia, a new era had started for the Armenians within the newly established borders of Iran. The Armenians in the recently lost territories north of the Aras river would go through a Russian-dominated period until 1991.


Twentieth century up to 1979

The Armenians played a significant role in the development of 20th-century Iran, regarding both its economical as well as its cultural configuration. They were pioneers in photography, theater, and the film industry, and also played a very pivotal role in Iranian political affairs. The Revolution of 1905 in Russia had a major effect on northern Iran and, in 1906, Iranian liberals and revolutionaries demanded a constitution in Iran. In 1909 the revolutionaries forced the crown to give up some of its powers. Yeprem Khan, an ethnic Armenian, was an important figure of the
Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...
. Armenian Apostolic theologian Malachia Ormanian, in his 1911 book on the Armenian Church, estimated that some 83,400 Armenians lived in Persia, of whom 81,000 were followers of the Apostolic Church, while 2,400 were Armenian Catholics. The Armenian population was distributed in the following regions: 40,400 in
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
, 31,000 in and around Isfahan, 7,000 in
Kurdistan Kurdistan ( ku, کوردستان ,Kurdistan ; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languag ...
and Lorestan, and 5,000 in Tehran. During the
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
, about 50,000 Armenians fled the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
and took refuge in Persia. As a result of the Persian Campaign in northern Iran during
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
, the Ottomans massacred 80,000 Armenians and 30,000 fled to the Russian Empire. The community experienced a political rejuvenation with the arrival of the exiled Dashnak (ARF) leadership from Russian Armenia in mid-1921; approximately 10,000 Armenian ARF party leaders, intellectuals, fighters, and their families crossed the Aras River and took refuge in Qajar Iran. This large influx of Armenians who were affiliated with the ARF also meant that the ARF would ensure its dominance over the other traditional Armenian parties of Persia, and by extension over the entire Iranian Armenian community, which was centered around the Armenian church. Further immigrants and refugees from the Soviet Union numbering nearly 30,000 continued to increase the Armenian community until 1933. Thus by 1930 there were approximately 200,000 Armenians in Iran. The modernization efforts of Reza Shah (1924–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah (1941–1979) gave the Armenians ample opportunities for advancement, and Armenians gained important positions in the arts and sciences, economy and services sectors, mainly in Tehran, Tabriz, and Isfahan that became major centers for Armenians. From 1946–1949 about 20,000 Armenians left Iran for the Soviet Union and from 1962–1982 another 25,000 Armenians followed them to Soviet Armenia. By 1979, in the dawn of the Islamic Revolution, an estimated 200,000 – 300,000 Armenians were living in Iran. Armenian churches, schools, cultural centers, sports clubs and associations flourished and Armenians had their own senator and member of parliament, 300 churches and 500 schools and libraries served the needs of the community. Armenian presses published numerous books, journals, periodicals, and newspapers, the prominent one being the daily "Alik".


After the 1979 Revolution

Many Armenians served in the Iranian Armed Forces, with 89 killed in action during the
Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Counci ...
. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has praised the role of Armenians in the war, saying to the Armenian Prime Minister that "Armenian martyrs of the imposed war are like Muslims martyrs and we consider them as honors of Iran". The fall of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
, the common border with Armenia, and the Armeno-Iranian diplomatic and economic agreements have opened a new era for the Iranian Armenians. Iran remains one of Armenia's major trade partners, and the Iranian government has helped ease the hardships of Armenia caused by the blockade imposed by
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
and
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...
. This includes important consumer products, access to air travel, and energy sources (like petroleum and electricity).


Current status

The Armenians remain the largest religious minority in Iran, and is still the largest Christian community in the country, far ahead of Assyrians. They are appointed two out of the five seats in the Iranian Parliament reserved for religious minorities (more than any other religious minority) and are the only minority with official observing status in the Guardian and Expediency Discernment Councils. Half of Iran's Armenians live in the Tehran area, most notably in its suburbs of Narmak, Majidiyeh, Nadershah, etc. A quarter live in Isfahan, and the other quarter is concentrated in Northwestern Iran or Iranian Azerbaijan.Իրանահայ «Ալիք»- ը նշում է 80- ամյակը
/ref> There are Iranian Armenians who converted to the
Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, mos ...
sect of
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...
.


Distribution


Azerbaijan

In 387 AD when the
Sasanian Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named ...
and the
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
split Armenia, the historically Armenian areas of Nor Shirakan,
Paytakaran Paytakaran ( hy, Փայտակարան, translit=Pʻaytakaran) was the easternmost province ( or ) of the Kingdom of Armenia. The province was located in the area of the lower courses of the Kura and Arax rivers, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. It ...
, and the eastern half of
Vaspurakan Vaspurakan (, Western Armenian pronunciation: ''Vasbouragan'') was the eighth province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia, which later became an independent kingdom during the Middle Ages, centered on Lake Van. Located in what is now southeast ...
were ceded to the Persians, these territories comprise the western and northern regions of Azerbaijan. Following the Russo-Persian War (1826–28) about 40,000 Armenians left Azerbaijan and resettled in newly established Russian Armenia. The area retained a large Armenian population until 1914 when World War I began the Azerbaijan was invaded by the Ottomans who slaughtered much of the local Armenian population. Prior to the Ottoman invasion there were about 150,000 Armenians in Azerbaijan, and 30,000 of them were in Tabriz. About 80,000 were massacred, 30,000 fled to Russian Armenia, and the other 10,000 fled the area of the modern West Azerbaijan Province and took refuge among the Armenians of Tabriz. After the war ended in 1918 the 10,000 refugees in Tabriz returned to their villages, but many resettled in Soviet Armenia from 1947 up until the early 80s. Currently, about 4,000 Armenians remain in the countryside of East Azerbaijan and about 2,000 remain in Tabriz living in the districts of Nowbar, Bazar, and Ahrab owning 4 churches, a school and a cemetery. This is a list of previously or currently Armenian inhabited settlements: *Maku (''Շավարշան'' / ''Shavarshan'' or ''Արտազ'' / '' Artaz'' ( hy) in Armenian) now in Maku and Chalderan counties in West Azerbaijan Province: ** Maku, Qareh-Kelisa,
Avajiq Avajiq ( fa, آواجيق; az, Avacıq, Kilsəkəndi; tr, Avacık; formerly, Arab Dizaj (Persian: عرب دیزج), also Romanized as ‘Arab Dīzaj, and ‘Arab-e Dīzaj; also known as Arāb Dizeh, ‘Arab-e Dīzehsī, and ‘Arab Dizehsī) is ...
, Siah Cheshmeh, Shaveran, Sadal and Baron (Dzor Dzor). *
Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest ci ...
(''Հեր'' / ''Her'' in Armenian) now in
Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest ci ...
and Chaypareh ( Avarayr Plain) counties in West Azerbaijan Province: **
Khoy Khoy (Persian and az, خوی; ; ; also Romanized as Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985. Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest ci ...
, Mahlazan, Ghris, Fanai, Dizeh, Qotur, Chors, Var, Quruq, Shurab, Qarajelu, Qareh Shaban and Saidabad. * Salmas (''Սալմաստ'' / ''Salmast'' or ''Սաղամաստ'' / ''Saghamast'' in Armenian) now in Salmas County in West Azerbaijan Province: ** Salmast, Kohneshahr, Akhtekhaneh ( fa), Aslanik, Charik, Drishk, Qalasar, Qezeljeh, Haftvan ( fa), Khosrowabad ( fa) ( fa), Goluzan, Malham ( fa), Sheitanabad, Payajuk ( fa), Karabulagh,
Vardan Vardan ( hy, Վարդան; Vartan in Western Armenian transliteration, pronounced in both Eastern and Western Armenian), Varden ( ka, ვარდენ) in Georgian, is an Armenian name of Middle Persian origin (from Mid. Pers. Wardā), popu ...
( fa), Hodar, Malham ( fa) ( fa), Saramelik,
Sarna Sarna may refer to: ;People *Sarna (Polish surname) *Sarna (Punjabi surname) *Sarna (clan), a Punjabi clan of India ;Places *Sarna, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a village in northern Poland *Sarna sthal, a place of worship in India *Särna, a lo ...
( fa),
Savera ''Savera'' is a Bollywood drama film directed by Virendra C. Desai. It was released in 1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is s ...
( hy), Zivajik, Kojamish and Ula. *
Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an al ...
(''Ուրմիա'' / ''Urmia'' or ''Ուռմի'' / ''Urmi'' in Armenian) now in
Urmia County Urmia County ( fa, شهرستان ارومیه) is located in West Azerbaijan province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq a ...
in West Azerbaijan Province: **
Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an al ...
, Balanej, Badelbo, Surmanabad, Jamalabad, Gardabad, Ikiaghaj, Isalu, Karaguz, Nakhichevan Tepe, Reihanabad, Sepurghan, Karabagh, Adeh, Dizej Ala, Khan Babakhan, Kachilan, Shirabad, Charbakhsh, Chahar Gushan, Ballu, Darbarud, ِDigala ( fa), Kukia and Babarud. * Julfa (''Ջուղա'' / ''Jugha'' in Armenian): **Upper Darashamb, Middle Darashamb and Lower Darashamb. *
Arasbaran Arasbaran ( fa, ارسباران ''Arasbârân'') or shortened to Arasbar ( fa, ارسبار ''Arasbâr''), meaning "The Banks of the Aras/Araxes river," also known as "Qaradagh" or "Karadagh" ( az, Qaradağ / , meaning ...
(''Պարսպատունիք'' / ''Parspatunik'' ( hy) or ''Ղարադաղ'' / ''Gharadagh'' ( hy) in Armenian) now in Julfa, Khoda Afarin, Varzaqan,
Ahar Ahar ( fa, italic=yes, اهر, az, اهر) is a city and capital of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. According to the 2016 census, Ahar was the fourth most populated city of the province with a population of 100,641 in 20,844 fa ...
and Kaleybar counties in
East Azerbaijan Province East Azerbaijan Province ( fa, استان آذربایجان شرقی ''Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi''; az-Arab, شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan, bordering Armeni ...
: **Dizmar ( West,
Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known a ...
and East): *** Aghaghan, Khaneqah, Qeshlaq, Yurgiutiun, Sardu ( hy), Owli. ** Mishepara: *** Nepesht, Mikidi, Aghayi, Balan,
Berd Berd ( hy, Բերդ) is a town and urban municipal community in the Tavush Province of Armenia. The town is located to the west of the Tavush river, from Yerevan, surrounded by low mountains. Near the city are the ruins of the Tavush fortress ( ...
, Qasmushen,
Garmanab Garmanab ( گرمناب) was a village in Khoda Afarin County which was abandoned by the turn of the 20th century. In late nineteenth and early twentieth century the village was inhabited by Armenians, who later emigrated to Armenia or Tabriz. Ju ...
. ** Mnjivan: *** Vinaq, Aynalu, Sevahogh, Vardanashen, Karaglukh, Keshish Qeshlaq, Abbasabad, Norashen, Mzget, Luma, Vayqan. ** Keivan: *** Siran, Avanlu, Qalamlu, Avarsin, Asran, Ashraf, Seqin, Dogidara. **
Hagar Hagar, of uncertain origin; ar, هَاجَر, Hājar; grc, Ἁγάρ, Hagár; la, Agar is a biblical woman. According to the Book of Genesis, she was an Egyptian slave, a handmaiden of Sarah (then known as ''Sarai''), whom Sarah gave to ...
: *** Abella, Amredul. * Tabriz (''Թավրիզ'' / ''Tavriz'' or ''Թաւրէժ'' / ''Tavrezh'' in Armenian) now in
Tabriz County Tabriz County ( fa, شهرستان تبریز) is located in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. ...
in East Azerbaijan Province: ** Tabriz, Mujumbar, Sohrol, Aljamolk and Minavar. * Ardabil (''Արտավիլ'' / ''Artavil'' or ''Արտավետ'' / ''Artavet'' in Armenian) * Maragheh (''Մարաղա'' / ''Maragha'' in Armenian) * Miandoab: **Taqiabad


Tabriz

Traditionally, Tabriz was the main city in Iranian Azerbaijan where Armenian political life vibrated from the early modern (Safavid) era and on. After the ceding of swaths of territories to Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century, the independent position of the Tabrizi Armenians was strengthened, as they gained immunities and concessions by
Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza ( fa, عباس میرزا; August 26, 1789October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Iran. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828, a ...
.Christoph Werner. ''An Iranian Town in Transition: A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz, 1747–1848'' page 90. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000. The particular importance of the Tabrizi Armenians also grew with the transfer of the bishop's seat from St.Taddeus (or ''Qara Kelissa'') near Salmas to Tabriz in 1845. Tabriz has an Arajnordaran, three Armenian Churches ( St. Sargis, Shoghakat, and
St. Mary Mary; arc, ܡܪܝܡ, translit=Mariam; ar, مريم, translit=Maryam; grc, Μαρία, translit=María; la, Maria; cop, Ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ, translit=Maria was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of ...
), a chapel ( fa), a school, Ararat Cultural Club and an Armenian cemetery ( fa) ( fa).


=Notable Armenians from Tabriz

= ;Pre-Pahlavi period (pre-1925) * Arakel of Tabriz, historian * Mohammad Beg, statesman * William Cormick, physician (half Armenian) *
Hayk Bzhishkyan Hayk Bzhishkian ( hy, Հայկ Բժշկյան, Persian هایک پزشکیان, Russian: Гайк Бжишкян, also known as Guy Dmitrievich Guy, Gai Dmitrievich Gai (Гай Дмитриевич Гай), Gaya Gai (Гая Гай), or Bzhishky ...
, Soviet military commander (half Armenian) * Ardashes Badmagrian, movie theater owner *
Hambarsoom Grigorian Hambarsoom Grigorian ( hy, Գրիգորյան Համբարձում Գրիգորի, 1893 in Tabriz - July 28, 1975 in Tehran) was an Iranian composer of Armenian descent, and the founder and director of the “Komitas” choir. References Ira ...
, composer * Vartan Hovanessian, architect * Ivan Galamian, violin teacher *
Hakob Karapents Hakob Karapents ( hy, Յակոբ Կարապենց), also known as Jack Karapetian, was a prolific Iranian-Armenian author born in 1925 in Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerba ...
, author * Gegham Saryan, poet and translator *
Vahan Papazian Vahan Papazian ( hy, Վահան Փափազյան; 1876–1973), also known by his pseudonym Goms (Կոմս) was an Armenian doctor, politician, political activist who was one of the leaders of the Armenian national liberation movement. He was the ...
, political activist and community leader * Avetis Nazarbekian, poet, journalist, political activist and revolutionary *
Louise Aslanian Louise Aslanian (pseudonym ''LAS''; french: Louise Aslanian, Lass, hy, Լուիզա Ասլանյան; 5 May 1904 – 30 January 1945) was a French-Armenian communist and anti-fascist activist, writer, novelist, poet and a prominent figure in th ...
, writer and figure in the French Resistance ;Pahlavi and post-Pahlavi period (post-1925) * Alexander Abian, mathematician * Varto Terian, Iran's first stage actress of theater and educator *
Samuel Khachikian Samuel Khachikian ( hy, Սամուէլ Խաչիկեան ; fa, ساموئل خاچیکیان; October 21, 1923 – October 22, 2001) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, author, and film editor of Armenian descent. He was one of the most ...
, film director, screenwriter, author, and film editor * Arman (actor), actor, film director, producer * Robert Ekhart, film director (half Armenian) * Emik Avakian, inventor *
Khachik Babayan Khachik Babayan is an Iranian-Armenian violin player. He was a student of Manoug Parikian. Life Khachik Babayan was born in 1956 in Tabriz, Iran. He began to play the violin when he was four. At the age of seven, he began violin studies with hi ...
, violin player *
Grigor Vahramian Gasparbeg Grigor Vahramian Gasparbeg ( hy, Գրիգոր Վահրամյան Գասպարբեգ; russian: Григор Вахрамян Гаспарбек) was an Iranian painter of Armenian descent. Most of Gasparbeg's paintings are in oil and of classical ...
, painter *
Vartan Vahramian Vartan Vahramian (; hy, Վարդան Վահրամեան; born 1955) is an Iranian-Armenian composer, artist and painter. He has made musical creations, solo performances as a baritone, and conducted choirs. Early life Vartan Vahramian was bo ...
, composer, artist, and painter * Vartan Gregorian, academic * Vartan Hovanessian, architect * Rouben Galichian, scholar * Henry D. Sahakian, businessman


Central Iran

List of Armenian villages in central Iran: * Kharaqan (''Ղարաղան'' / ''Gharaghan'' in Armenian) now in Zarandieh County in Markazi Province: ** Upper Chanakhchi, Lar, Charhad and Lower Chanakhchi. * Hamadan: ** Hamadan and Sheverin. * Malayer: ** Anuch, Deh Chaneh and Qaleh Fattahieh. * Kazaz (''Kiazaz'' in Armenian) now in Shazand County in Markazi Province: ** Shazand ( fa) ( fa) ( fa), Abbasabad, Gurezar ( fa) and Anbarteh. * Kamareh (''Kiamara'' in Armenian) now in
Khomeyn County Khomeyn County ( fa, شهرستان خمین) is in Markazi province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Khomeyn. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 108,840 in 29,888 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1 ...
in Markazi Province: ** Lilian ( fa), Qurchibash ( fa), Chartagh, Davudabad, Kandha, Darreh Shur, Mazra, Saki, Ortachiman, Asadabad,
Danian The Danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem. The beginning of the Danian (and the end of the preceding Maastrichtian) is at the Cretac ...
, Farajabad, Hajiabad, Nasrabad, Kajarestan and Mazraeh Qasem. * Borborud (''Բուրւարի'' / '' Bourvari'' in Armenian) now in
Aligudarz County Aligudarz County ( fa, شهرستان الیگودرز) is located in Lorestan province, Iran. The capital of the county is Aligudarz Aligudarz ( fa, اليگودرز), also known as ‘Ali Gudār, is a city and capital of Aligudarz County, ...
in Lorestan Province: ** Shapurabad, Khorzand, Parmishan,
Pahra Pahra was a jagir in India during the British Raj. It was under the Bundelkhand Agency of the Central India Agency until 1896 when it was transferred to the Baghelkhand Agency. It was later transferred back to the Bundelkhand Agency. Pahra had a ...
, Sang-e Sefid, Bahramabad, Dehnow, Qareh Kahriz, Nasrabad, Goran, Jowz, Cherbas, Jahan Khosh and Anuj. * Japloq ( hy) (''Գյափլա'' / ''Giapla'' in Armenian) now in
Azna County Azna County ( fa, شهرستان ازنا) is in Lorestan province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Azna. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 70,462 in 16,663 households. The following census in 2011 counted 71,58 ...
in Lorestan Province and Shazand County in Markazi Province: ** Azna, Ahmadabad, Bosnava, Berk, Perchestan, Marzian, Qataat, Gorji, Kamian, Masoudabad, Abbasabad, Bamian, Bagh Muri, Zarna, Tokhmar and Sharafabad. *Faridan (''Փերիա'' / '' Peria'' in Armenian) now in Faridan, Buin & Miandasht and Fereydunshahr counties in Isfahan Province: **
Zarneh Zarneh ( fa, زرنه; also known as Kāni Zarnah, Kanī Razneh, and Zarrīneh) is a city in and capital of Zarneh District, in Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,909, in 605 families. The city is popula ...
(Boloran), Upper Khoygan, Nemagerd, Gharghan, Sangbaran, Hezar Jarib,
Singerd Eskandari baraftab ( fa, اسکندری برآفتاب, also Romanized as eskandari baraftab and eskandari baraftab; also known as eskandari baraftab) is a village in Zayandeh Rud-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Faridan Count ...
, Lower Khoygan,
Adegan Adegan ( fa, عادگان, also Romanized as ‘Ādegān and Adgān; also known as Adgūn and Adkān) is a village in Zayandeh Rud-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Faridan County Faridan County ( fa, شهرستان فر� ...
, Chigan, Hadan, Milagerd, Surshegan, Savaran, Chigan, Derakhtak, Punestan, Qaleh Khajeh, Aznavleh, Bijgerd, Khong (now part of town of Fereydunshahr), Moghandar, Qalamelik, Nanadegan and Darreh Bid. * Karvan, now in Tiran & Karvan County in Isfahan Province. *Lenjan and Alenjan, now in Lenjan,
Falavarjan Falavarjan ( fa, فلاورجان, also Romanized as Falāvarjān, Falāvar Jān, and Felāvarjān; also known as Pol-e Vargān, Pol-e Varqān, Pul-i-Vargān, and Mollāvarjān) is a city and capital of Falavarjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran ...
and Mobarakeh counties in Isfahan Province: ** Khansarak, Kelisan, Mehregan, Pelart, Semsan, Kaleh Masih, Garkan,
Zudan Zudan ( fa, زودان, also Romanized as Zūdān) is a village in Garkan Rural District, Garkan-e Jonubi District, Mobarakeh County Mobarakeh County ( fa, شهرستان مبارکه) is in Isfahan province, Iran Iran, offic ...
, Barchan, Jushan, Bondart, Koruj,
Zazeran Zazeran ( fa, زازران, also Romanized as Zāzerān) is a city in the Central District of Falavarjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country locate ...
, Kapashan and Mamad. *Charmahal ( hy) or Gandoman now in Borujen, Kiar,
Lordegan Lordegan ( Luri and fa, لردگان, also Romanized as Lordegān, Lordgān, and Lordagān; also known as Lordajān, Lordakān, and Lurdagān) is a city and capital of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 cen ...
and Shahr-e Kord counties in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province: ** Vastegan ( fa), Geshnigan ( fa), Shalamzar, Gandoman, Sirak ( fa),
Boldaji Boldaji ( fa, بلداجي, also Romanized as Boldājī; also known as Būldāji) is a city and capital of Boldaji District, in Borujen County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10,905, in 2,598 fam ...
( fa),
Azan Azan may refer to: People * Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria r. 1189–1196 or his sons * Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria r. 1218–1241 * Azan (Star Trek), Azan (''Star Trek''), ''Star Trek'' character * Azan (mythology), character in Greek mythology * Azan, nick ...
( fa), Galugerd ( fa), Konarak ( fa), Aqbolagh ( fa) ( fa), Sinagan ( fa), Mamura ( fa), Mamuka ( fa) ( fa), Sulugan, Gushki ( fa), Ferendigan, Hajiabad ( fa), Ahmadabad, Livasian ( fa) and Zorigan. The settlements of Lenjan, Alenjan and Karvan were abandoned in the 18th century. The other settlements depopulated in the middle of the 20th century due to emigration to New Julfa, Teheran or Soviet Armenia (in 1945 and later in 1967). Currently only 1 village (
Zarneh Zarneh ( fa, زرنه; also known as Kāni Zarnah, Kanī Razneh, and Zarrīneh) is a city in and capital of Zarneh District, in Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,909, in 605 families. The city is popula ...
) in Peria is totally, and 4 other villages ( Upper Khoygan, Gharghan, Nemagerd and Sangbaran) in Peria and 1 village ( Upper Chanakhchi) in Gharaghan are partially settled by Armenians. Other than these settlements there is an Armenian village near Gorgan ( Qoroq) which is settled by Armenians recently moved from Soviet territory.


Culture and language

In addition to having their own churches and clubs, Armenians of Iran are one of the few linguistic minorities in Iran with their own schools. The Armenian language used in Iran holds a unique position in the usage of Armenian in the world, as most Armenians in the Diaspora use
Western Armenian Western Armenian ( Classical spelling: , ) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Eastern Armenian. It is based mainly on the Istanbul Armenian dialect, as opposed to Eastern Armenian, which is mainly base ...
. However, Iranian Armenians speak an
Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian ( ''arevelahayeren'') is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language. Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Artsakh, Russia, as ...
dialect that is very close to that used in
Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
, Georgia, and
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
. Iranian Armenians speak this dialect due in part to the fact that in 1604 much of the Armenian population in the Lake Van area, which used the eastern dialect, was displaced and sent to Isfahan by Shah Abbas. This also allowed for an older version to be preserved which uses classical Armenian orthography known as "Mashtotsian orthography" and spelling, whereas almost all other Eastern Armenian users (especially in the former Soviet Union) have adopted the reformed Armenian orthography which was applied in Soviet Armenia in the 1920s and continues in the present Republic of Armenia. This makes the Armenian language used in Iran and in the Armenian-Iranian media and publications unique, applying elements of both major Armenian language branches (pronunciation, grammar and language structure of
Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian ( ''arevelahayeren'') is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language. Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Artsakh, Russia, as ...
and the spelling system of
Western Armenian Western Armenian ( Classical spelling: , ) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Eastern Armenian. It is based mainly on the Istanbul Armenian dialect, as opposed to Eastern Armenian, which is mainly base ...
).


See also

*
Armenia–Iran relations Bilateral relations exist between Armenia and Iran. Despite religious and ideological differences, relations between the two states remain extensively cordial and both are strategic partners in the region. Armenia and Iran are both neighbouring ...
, Satrapy of Armenia, Battle of Avarayr, Persian Armenia, Marzpanate Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Armenians in the Persianate, Iranian Armenia * Ethnic minorities in Iran,
Christians in Iran Christianity in Iran dates back to the early years of the religion during the time of Jesus, predating Islam. The Christian faith has always comprised a minority in Iran under its previous state religions; initially Zoroastrianism in historica ...
* List of Armenian churches in Iran * Monasteries: Monastery of St. Thaddeus, Monastery of St. Stephen the Protomartyr * Cathedrals: Holy Mother of God Cathedral, All Saviour's Cathedral, St. Sarkis Cathedral *
List of Iranian Armenians ''This is a list of famous Iranians of Armenian descent.'' ; Key People who were born outside of Iran but worked or lived in Iran highlighted in boldface Art Literature Politics Religion Dancer Sciences Sports Others A ...
* Media: Alik, Arax, Hooys * Sports: Ararat Football Club, Ararat Basketball Club, Ararat Stadium, Pan-Armenian Games * Politics:
Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Iran The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) ( hy, Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն ''Hay Heghapokhagan Tashnagtsutiun''; fa, فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی, in short form "Dashnak"), has a long history in Iran, d ...
* Art: Lilihan carpets and rugs


Notes


References


Sources

* * Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,''Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587–1629'', 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, , English translation by Azizeh Azodi. * * * *


External links


Armenian Iranians news portal

Hamaynk: Iranian Armenian News Network

"Iranian Armenians" BBC Persian

Alik, Armenian daily in Iran

Arax Armenian weekly in Iran

Hooys Armenian Biweekly
{{Armenian diaspora
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
Ethnic groups in the Middle East