Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is an important

ligand In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electr ...

in the

insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

response of human cells. IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein that contains a

phosphotyrosine -Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Gr ...

binding-domain ( PTB-domain). In addition, the

insulin receptor The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose ho ...

contains a NPXY motif. The PTB-domain binds the NPXY sequence. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.

Genes

* (see also Insulin receptor substrate 1) * (see also Insulin receptor substrate 2) * - a pseudogene *

References

* {{cite journal , vauthors=van der Geer P, Wiley S, Pawson T , title=Re-engineering the target specificity of the insulin receptor by modification of a PTB domain binding site , journal=Oncogene , volume=18 , issue=20 , pages=3071–5 , year=1999 , pmid=10340378 , doi=10.1038/sj.onc.1202879, doi-access=free Coordination chemistry Proteins