''Industrie und Glück'' (

Early Modern German Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period in the history of the German language generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650. The term is the standard translation of the German (Fnhd., Frnhd.), introduce ...

for "Diligence and Fortune") is a pattern of French suited playing cards used to play

tarock Tarot games are card games played with tarot decks, that is, decks with numbered permanent trumps parallel to the suit cards. The games and decks which English-speakers call by the French name Tarot are called Tarocchi in the original Italian, ...

. The name originates from an inscription found on the second trump card. This deck was developed during the nineteenth century in the

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

. The earliest known examples were made in Vienna in 1815. After the collapse of the empire in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, it remained the most widely used

tarot The tarot (, first known as '' trionfi'' and later as ''tarocchi'' or ''tarocks'') is a pack of playing cards, used from at least the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play card games such as Tarocchini. From their Italian roots, ...

deck in

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...

and can be found throughout the former parts of the empire.

Composition

Austrian Tarock Type B - Trull - IMG 7610

In the ''Industrie und Glück'' deck, each

suit A suit, lounge suit, or business suit is a set of clothes comprising a suit jacket and trousers of identical textiles worn with a collared dress shirt, necktie, and dress shoes. A skirt suit is similar, but with a matching skirt instead of tr ...

contains four

face cards In a deck of playing cards, the term face card (US) or court card (British and US), and sometimes Royalty, is generally used to describe a card that depicts a person as opposed to the pip cards. They are also known as picture cards, or until the e ...

; the

Jack Jack may refer to: Places * Jack, Alabama, US, an unincorporated community * Jack, Missouri, US, an unincorporated community * Jack County, Texas, a county in Texas, USA People and fictional characters * Jack (given name), a male given name, ...

Cavalier The term Cavalier () was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 – ). It ...

Queen Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...

, and

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

. The 5s through 10s in red suits and the 1s through 6s in the black suits are removed and 22 trumps are added for a total of 54 cards. In Central European tarock games, the order of the black suits from highest to lowest goes from K, Q, C, J, 10, 9, 8, 7 but the red suits goes from K, Q, C, J, 1, 2, 3, 4. The ''Sküs'' ( The Fool), named after the French ''Excuse'', is considered the 22nd and highest trump and no longer has its excusing power despite its name. The lowest trump is called the ''pagat'' after its Italian equivalent, '' il bagatto''. Unlike the Italian tarocco decks which depict Renaissance allegorical motifs or even the French

Tarot Nouveau The Bourgeois Tarot deck is a mid-19th century pattern of tarot cards of German origin that is still used for playing card games today in western Europe and Canada. It is not designed for divinatory purposes.genre scenes Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, ...

of rural life with no themes. All trumps except the unnumbered Excuse use Roman numerals unlike the Tarot Nouveau or

Cego Cego is a Tarot game for three or four players played with eponymous German Tarot playing cards. The game was probably derived from the three-player Badenese tarot game of Dreierles after soldiers returned from the Iberian Peninsula during the Na ...

decks. The pip cards and face cards lack corner indices. Around seven versions of this deck were once made, but only two have survived as standard packs. The older of the two surviving versions – designated by the

IPCS ipcs is a Unix and Linux command to list System V InterProcess Communication System's API kernel entities to ''stdout''. System V IPC kernel entities are: *Shared memory segments *Message queues * Semaphore arrays Implementations On Linux, the ...

as Type B – was established by 1865 and is still found today, primarily in the southern half of the former empire (Hungary, Croatia, Vojvodina, and Trieste) and the other later pattern – designated as Type C – in the northern half (Austria, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Romania). The southern version appeared around 1890 and can also be found where the northern version is sold but is not as widespread. Both share many pictures in the trump suit but some are arranged differently. In the northern version, the 21st trump is nicknamed the ''Mond'' (moon) because it features a crescent moon. This was a result of a mistranslation of the French name ''monde'' for

The World In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the worl ...

tarot card. The southern version, which is now manufactured only by Modiano and

Piatnik Wiener Spielkartenfabrik Ferd. Piatnik & Söhne, commonly referred to as Piatnik, is an Austrian playing card and board game manufacturing company based in Vienna. History The company was founded in 1824 by the card manufacturer Anton Moser (178 ...

, usually lacks the moon. The Czechs use the northern version but since receiving their independence at end of the First World War, the second trump has lacked the ''Industrie und Glück'' inscription. A 78-card version by Piatnik was once made to play

Grosstarock Grosstarock (german: Großtarock) is an old three-handed card game of the Tarock family played with a full 78-card Tarot pack. It was probably introduced into the southern German states around 1720 but spread rapidly into Austria and northwards a ...

(No. 1938); it was also adapted for the Austrian game of

Droggn Droggn, sometimes called French Tarock (german: Französisches Tarock) is an extinct card game of the Tarock family for three players that was played in the Stubai valley in Tyrol, Austria until the 1980s. ''Droggn'' is originally local dialect f ...

, although players used only 66 cards from the pack. There was also a mysterious 73-card version from the 1930s, also by Piatnik, which was composed like the 54-card deck but with 19 more trumps. It is believed to have been used for a lost version of

Minchiate Minchiate is an early 16th-century card game, originating in Florence, Italy. It is no longer widely played. ''Minchiate'' can also refer to the special deck of 97 playing cards used in the game. The deck is closely related to the tarot cards, b ...

Austrian Tarock Type A - Trull - IMG 7612

Reprints of another early pattern, classified by the IPCS as the Type A ''Industrie und Glück'' pattern, are occasionally produced as limited editions. Like the Type B southern pattern, Type A was established by 1865 but had largely died out by the time of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. Between 1910 and 1935, however, Piatnik produced a pack of cards using the Type A pattern, smaller in dimensions than the regular pack (52 x 97 mm as opposed to 63 x 113mm), ostensibly more suited for the smaller hands of women players and known as ''Allerfeinste Damen Tarock'' or "Ladies Tarock". A facsimile was produced by Piatnik in 2019.

Other uses of imagery

Though ''Industrie und Glück'' packs were not designed for

cartomancy Cartomancy is fortune-telling or divination using a deck of cards. Forms of cartomancy appeared soon after playing cards were first introduced into Europe in the 14th century. Huson, Paul (2004). ''Mystical Origins of the Tarot: From Ancient R ...

, their imagery was incorporated into Argentine fortune telling decks produced in the mid-20th century and misleadingly presented as an ancient gypsy oracle.Wintle, Adam
Cartas Gitanas
at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

Footnotes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Industrie und Gluck Tarot playing card decks Tarock card games Playing card patterns