The

Mughal Emperors The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...

who ruled

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; ...

from 1526 to 1857 used titles in

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

and Chagatai language. Sons of the emperors used the title Shahzada and

Mirza Mirza may refer to: * Mirza, Kamrup, town in Assam, India * Mirza (name), historical royal title & noble * ''Mirza'', the genus of giant mouse lemur * "Mirza", song by Nino Ferrer * ''Mirza – The Untold Story'', Punjabi action romance film wri ...

''Alam Panah''/''Jahan Panah''

Prince Shah Khurram, later called the

Mughal Emperor The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...

Shah Jahan, (full title: ''Shahenshah Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Malik-ul-Sultanat,'' Ala Hazrat Abu'l-Muzaffar Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, ''Sahib-e-Qiran-e-Sani, Badshah-e-Ghazi Zillu'llah, Firdaus-Ashiyani, Shahenshah-E-Sultanat Ul-Hindiyyah Wal Mughaliyyah.'') [Persianized-Arabic transliterated pronunciation: ''Shāhenshāh as-Sulṭān al-’A‘aẓam wa-’l-Khāqān al-Mukarram, Māliku ’s-Sulṭānāt, ‘ala’ Ḥaḍrāt ’Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Shahābu-’ddin Muḥammad Shāh Jahān, Ṣāhib-i Qirān-i Thānī, Bādshāh Ghāzī Ẓillu’llah, Firdaws Āshiyānē, Shāhenshāhe-Sulṭānātu ’l-Hindiyyah wa-’l-Mughaliyyah''] Persianized-Arabic: شَاهَنْشَاه ٱلْسُّلْطَانُ ٱلْأَعْظَم وَٱلْخَاقَنُ ٱلْمُكَرَّمُ مَالِكُ ٱلْسُّلْطَنَات عَلَى حَضْرَات أَبو ٱلْمُظَفَّر شَهَابُ ٱلْدِّين مُحَمَّد شَاه جَهَان صَاحِبِ قِرَانِ ٱلْثَّانِي بادِشَاه غَازِى ظِلُّ ٱلله فِرْدَوس آشِيَانَه شَاهَنْشَاهِ سُلْطَنَاتُ ٱلْهِنْدِيَّه وَٱلْمُغَالِيَّه A

Persianized Persianization () or Persification (; fa, پارسی‌سازی), is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Persian society becomes "Persianate", meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Persian ...

titles for the following: ''1) Alam Panah/ Aalam Panaah'' or ''(translit.) ‘Aālam Panāh'' (عَالَم پَنَاه) meaning from the

: "''Realm/ World/ Cosmos/ Universe of Refuge/ Protection''" (literary: "''Protector of the Universe''") 2) ''Jahan Panah/ Jahaan Panaah'' or ''(translit.) Jahān Panāh'' (جَهَان پَنَاه) meaning from the pure

: "''Realm/ World/ Cosmos/ Universe of Refuge/ Protection''" (literary: "''Protector of the Universe''") This title means giver of

peace Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. ...

( ''Persian'''': Panāh'' - پَنَاه) also "refuge/ protector", or the giver of refuge to the world (''Persian, formerly

: Alam''/ ''pure

: Jahan'').

''Al-Sultan al-Azam''

Al-Sultan al-Azam (''As-Sultwaanu-’l-’A‘azwam'' or ''(translit.) As-Sulṭānu ''’l-’A‘aẓam (السُّلْطَانُ ٱلْأَعْظَمُ) is a

imperial title meaning from the

: "''The Great or Most Mighty of Authority/ Sovereign/ Dominion"''. "''Al'' - أَل" is an

Arabic definite article ( ar, ٱلْـ), also Romanized as ''el-'', ''il-,'' and ''l-'' as pronounced in some varieties of Arabic, is the definite article in the Arabic language: a particle (''ḥarf'') whose function is to render the noun on which it is prefixed def ...

meaning 'the', while ''

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it ...

'' (سُلْطَان) is a

title (literally meaning ''Authority''/ ''Sovereign/ Dominion'') for autonomous rulers since the

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...

era of Islamic history, while ''Azam'' (أَعْظَم), another

word, means "''Great'' or ''Most Mighty"''. The title was used by the early rulers of the Mughal Empire such as

Babur Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his ...

Humayun Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad ( fa, ) (; 6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), better known by his regnal name, Humāyūn; (), was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern ...

Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

and

Shah Jahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

. The sixth emperor

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

is also reported to have held the title ''al-Sultan al-Azam''.

''Badshah-e-Ghazi''

''Badshah-e-Ghazi/Baadshaah-e Ghaazi or ''(translit.) Bādshāhe-Ghāzī', literary meaning of the Perso-Arabic imperial title: "Conqueror of Emperors". '' Badshah'' (بادِشَاه) is a Persian title meaning "Emperor/ Monarch/ Ruler" (literally meaning ''Lord or Master of Kings''), often translated as Emperor, while '' Ghazi'' (غَازِى) meant in

"conqueror" or an Islamic warrior.

''Sahib-e-Qiran''

This imperial title means "''The Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'' (صَاحِبِ قِرَان)" in

and refers to a ruler whose horoscope features a particular conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, portending a reign of world-conquest and justice. Formerly adopted from the

, meaning "''Companion/ Associate of (the) Conjunction iterary: apparent proximity of two heavenly bodies'" - explained in the next paragraph, whereas the

words: '''ṣāḥib''' - صَاحِبِ' meaning "companion/ associate" and '''qirān'' - قِرَان' meaning "conjunction of two heavenly bodies" is the plural of '''qarn'' - قَرْن' (literary meaning: 'junction - a point at which two or more things are joined')''.'' The title has a long and varied history among Islamo-Persianate rulers, beginning with the Mongols and Mamluks and further developed under the Timurids. The Mughal emperors

and

Akbar Shah II Akbar II (; 22 April 1760 – 28 September 1837), also known as Akbar Shah II, was the Nineteenth Mughal emperor of India. He reigned from 1806 to 1837. He was the second son of Shah Alam II and the father of Bahadur Shah II Akbar had littl ...

called themselves "''Sahib-e Qiran-i Sani -'' (

: ''Ṣāḥibi Qirāni Thānī''/ ''Ath-Thānī'' - صَاحِبِ قِرَانِ ثَانِي\ ٱلْثَانِي)", which means "''The Second Lord of Auspicious Conjunction''", where "sani" is the adopted Arabic word for the cardinal "(the) second/ next" ثَانِي.html" ;"title="thānī" - ثَانِي">thānī" - ثَانِي The first Lord of Conjunction in this formulation is assumed to have been Alexander the Great, but it simultaneously references the progenitor of the Mughals, Timur, who was most famously described as the Sahib-e Qiran by Ibn Khaldun. Timur did not use this title himself, but the court historians of his successors routinely applied this title to him and his successors.

''Shahenshah''

The royal title '' Shahenshah'' (شاهنشاه) is a

word meaning the "Emperor" or "

King of Kings King of Kings; grc-gre, Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων, Basileùs Basiléōn; hy, արքայից արքա, ark'ayits ark'a; sa, महाराजाधिराज, Mahārājadhirāja; ka, მეფეთ მეფე, ''Mepet mepe'' ...

''Al-Mukarram''

''Al-Mukarram'' (ٱلْمُكَرَّمُ) meaning the Perso-Arabic title: "''Honorable or Generous''". ''Mukarram'' (مُکَرَّم) means '''possessor of the honorable or generous''' or the honorable or the generous''', in

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

. The title al-Mukarram reportedly appeared on Aurangzeb's full imperial title. Sometimes, the word al-Khaqan became a prefix for al-Mukarram in the form ''al-Khaqan al-Mukarram/Al-Khaaqaan Al-Mukarram or (translit.) Al-Khāqānu ’l-Mukarram'' (أَلْخَاقَانُ ٱلْمُكَرَّمُ). ''Khaqan'' or ''

Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...

'' (خَاقَان) adopted from the

Mongol The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of ...

ancestral roots of "'' khan'' (خَان)" meaning "''leader''" or "''prince''" - "''descended''" was an imperial Perso-Turkic

title, used by the Mughal Emperors to show descent from the Khans.

''Zillullah (Ẓillu’llah)/ Zwillu'llah''

''Ẓillu’llah'' or ''(translit.)'' ''Zwillu’llah'' (ظِلُّ ٱلله) is an Arabic word-phrase meaning the ''Shadow or Shade of God (Allah - الله)'', literally "the Refuge of Allah".

''Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah wa Al-Mughaliyyah''

''Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah wa Al-Mughaliyyah'' or ''(translit.)'' ''Shāhenshāhe-Sulṭānātu ’l-Hindiyyah wa-’l-Mughaliyyah'' (شَاهَنْشَاهِ سُلْطَنَاتُ ٱلْهِنْدِيَّه وَٱلْمُغَالِيَّه) is a

imperial title meaning: "''Emperor of the Sultanate of India and the Mughals.''

''Firdaus Ashiyani''

''Firdaus Ashiyani/ Firdaws Aashiyaneh or Firdaws Āshiyānē'' (فِرْدَوس آشِيَانَه) is a

imperial title meaning: "Domain of Paradise". "''Firdaus'' - فِرْدَوس" for another word for "''heaven''" in

, where the adopted English word form is "''

paradise In religion, paradise is a place of exceptional happiness and delight. Paradisiacal notions are often laden with pastoral imagery, and may be cosmogonical or eschatological or both, often compared to the miseries of human civilization: in paradis ...

''" and the

"''Ashiyaneh -'' آشِيَانَه" meaning "''nest''" or "''domain''".

References

{{Reflist Imperial titles Mughal emperors Titles in India