Ikbal Hanem
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, house = Muhammad Ali (by marriage) , father = , mother = , birth_date = , birth_place =
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,
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
(present day
Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
) , death_date = , death_place = Feneryolu,
Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
, place of burial = , signature = , religion = Sunni Islam Ikbal Hanim (; tr, İkbal Hanım; 22 October 1876 – 10 February 1941), was the Khediva consort of Egypt from 1895 to 1914 as the first wife of Abbas Hilmi II Pasha, the last Khedive of
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
and Sudan.


Early life

Of Circassian origin, Ikbal Hanim was born on 22 October 1876 in Constantinople (now
Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...
). She became a slave to the Walida Pasha
Emina Ilhamy tr, Emine İlhami, italic=no , house = Muhammad Ali , father = Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha , mother = Nasrin Qadin , birth_date = , birth_place = Constantinople (now Istanbul), Ottoman Empire , death_date = , death_place = Bebek, Bosphorus, I ...
, wife of
Khedive Tewfik Mohamed Tewfik Pasha ( ar, محمد توفيق باشا ''Muḥammad Tawfīq Bāshā''; April 30 or 15 November 1852 – 7 January 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth rule ...
, after 1884, when the importation of white slaves became illegal in Egypt. She was then assigned to Abbas's personal service along with two other slave girls.


Marriage

At his accession in 1892, Abbas was only seventeen years old and unmarried. His mother Emina took charge of the search for an appropriate princess for him to wed. She passed over his first cousin, and nearly succeeded in arranging a union for him with an Ottoman princess. In the meantime, Abbas began to have sexual relations with Ikbal, and on 12 February 1895, she gave birth to a girl, named Emina in honor of her grandmother. A contract of marriage between her and the khedive was written on 19 February, seven days later. At the public celebration the ''khédiveh mere'' hosted the women's reception. Ikbal eventually bore all of Abbas's six children, Princess Atiyaullah, born on 9 June 1896, Princess Fathiya, born on 27 November 1897, Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim, born on 20 February, Princess Lutfiya, born on 29 September 1900, and Prince Muhammad Abdul Kadir, born on 4 February 1902. By the standards of contemporary Ottoman ruling-class culture, the fathering of a child by a slave concubine was unexceptional, and so too was Abbas's decision to raise Iqbal to the status of legal wife. Both events were duly announced in ''al-Waqa'i al-Misriyya'', which also published some poetry written in honor of the khedival daughter. The announcements did not allude to Ikbal's previous slave status, something that would have been as rude as it was obvious to contemporaries familiar with upper-class harem culture. Ikbal admired European fashion in dress and household practices and had European servants and governesses for her three daughters. She studied with her children and had an open, inquiring mind. As Khediva, Ikbal was considered one of Egypt's most beautiful women and was reputed to be a devoted wife, gaining her favor among those around the palace. However, aside from attending ladies-only state functions such as royal weddings or receptions and opera premiers, Ikbal Hanim had no official public role. Abbas's second wife was
Marianna Török Majuska Török de Szendrő ( Puskas de Ditro), also known as Djavidan Hanem (german: link=no, May Torok von Szendro; June 15, 1877, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA – August 5, 1968, Graz, Austria), was a Hungarian noble, second spouse of ...
, a Hungarian aristocrat from
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...
, whom he first met during a holiday in Europe. They married secretly after 1900, and she used to accompany him on trips. She converted to Islam, and she and the khedive were remarried, officially, at the end of February 1910. The marriage was dissolved three years later in 1913. In her memoirs, Marianna mused, "it is curious to think that my husband has two wives." On 14 January 1925,
Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir ( ota, شہزادہ محمد عبدالقادر; 16 January 1878 – 16 March 1944) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his wife Bidar Kadın. Early life Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir was born on ...
, son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, gave the power of attorney to Sami Günzberg, a well-known Turkish Jewish lawyer, authorising him to regain from usurpers buildings, lands, mines, concessions left by Abdul Hamid situated in Turkish territory and elsewhere, after which, he sold Abdülkadir's mansion in Feneryolu to Ikbal.


Death

Ikbal Hanim died on 10 February 1941 in Feneryolu, Istanbul.


Issue

Together with Abbas Ikbal had six children: * Princess Emina (
Montaza Palace Montaza Palace ( ar, قصر المنتزه) is a palace, museum and extensive gardens in the Montaza district of Alexandria, Egypt. It was built on a low plateau east of central Alexandria overlooking a beach on the Mediterranean Sea. History ...
,
Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandri ...
, 12 February 1895 – 1954), unmarried and without issue * Princess Atiyaullah (
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...
, 9 June 1896 – 1971), married and had issue, two sons. * Princess Fathiya (27 November 1897 – 30 November 1923), married without issue * Prince Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim, Heir Apparent and
Regent A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
of
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
and Sudan, (20 February 1899 – 1 December 1979), married and had issue * Princess Lutfiya Shavkat (
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...
, 29 September 1900 – 1975), married and had issue * Prince Muhammad Abdul Kadir (4 February 1902 –
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, 21 April 1919)


Honour

* Decoration of the Order of Charity, 1st class.


See also

* List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty


References


Sources

*


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hanimefendi, Ikbal 1876 births 1941 deaths Muhammad Ali dynasty People from Istanbul People from Crimea Arab princesses Circassians Egyptian slaves Slave concubines 19th-century Egyptian women Egyptian concubines