ISTAR stands for

intelligence Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. More generally, it can b ...

surveillance Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, many activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as c ...

target acquisition Target acquisition is the detection and identification of the location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. The term is used for a broad area of applications. A "target" here is an e ...

, and

reconnaissance In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, terrain, and other activities. Examples of reconnaissance include patrolling by troops (skirmisher ...

. In its macroscopic sense,

ISTAR ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing ...

is a practice that links several

battlefield A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a present or historic battle involving ground warfare. It is commonly understood to be limited to the point of contact between opposing forces, though battles may involve troops ...

functions together to assist a

combat Combat ( French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...

force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level information pertains to the interpretation of that which may be sensed. Any natural process that is not completely random ...

is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. ''Surveillance'', ''target acquisition'' and ''reconnaissance'' are methods of obtaining this information. The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans.

Intelligence Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. More generally, it can b ...

is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents.

Intelligence failure Failure in the intelligence cycle or intelligence failure, is the outcome of the inadequacies within the intelligence cycle. The intelligence cycle itself consists of six steps that are constantly in motion. The six steps are: requirements, coll ...

s can happen.

ISR (Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance)

ISR is the coordinated and integrated acquisition, processing and provision of timely, accurate, relevant, coherent and assured information and intelligence to support commander's conduct of activities. Land, sea, air and space platforms have critical ISR roles in supporting operations in general. By massing ISR assets, an improved clarity and depth of knowledge can be established.AJP-3.15(A) NATO Allied Joint Doctrine for Countering – Improvised Explosive Devices. ISR encompasses multiple activities related to the planning and operation of systems that collect, process, and disseminate data in support of current and future military operations.Report to the Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
—

General Accounting Office The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a legislative branch government agency that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress. It is the supreme audit institution of the federal gover ...

, 2008-03-15THERESA HITCHENS and SYDNEY J. FREEDBERG JR
(4 May 2021) Exclusive: Army Plan May Loosen IC Grip On Sat-Based ISR
Tactical Satellite Layer (TSL) experiment Andrew Eversde
(6 Sep 2022) Army’s testbed ISR business jets are opening doors to new mission possibilities
"With the prototypes, we're able to launch from one area and very quickly get to another area that is much further away in distance. So it opens up the aperture from a mission perspective".Lauren William
(19 Oct 2022) The U.S. Army Is Testing A Data Platform Just For Intel Officers
"We are testing an Army Intelligence Data Platform. So essentially a system that will ingest all of the Army's intel data—data from the intel community, commercial data, whatever data sources our intel professionals may need or want" —Mark Kitz PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors (IEWS) On 28 July 2021 the NDAA budget markup by the House Armed Services Committee sought to retain ISR resources such as the RQ-4 Global Hawk, the E-8 Joint Surveillance Radar and Attack System (JSTARS) which the Air Force is seeking to divest.Theresa Hitchen
Theresa Hitchens (28 Jul 2021) Lawmakers Throw Wrench Into Air Force ISR Divestment Plan
/ref>Marcus Weisgerbe
(15 Dec 2022) Inside the Army’s Newest Spy Plane
Artemis by Leidos, cf: Ares by L3Harris Theresa Hitchens
(19 Dec 2022) SES launches O3b mPower satellites, eyeing government, defense sectors
Satellite uses 5000 digitally formed beams, each tuned to a different sovereign user. 2 satellites launched into MEO, 11 satellites plannedTheresa Hitchen
(28 Jul 2021) Space Force Vice Argues Value Of Embattled Analysis Center
/ref>Joseph Trevithick
(16 Dec 2022) Mayhem Hypersonic Strike-Recon Jet Contract Awarded To Leidos
"Mayhem air vehicle to demonstrate strike and intelligence-gathering capabilities" Examples of ISR systems include surveillance and reconnaissance systems ranging from satellites, to crewed aircraft such as the U-2, to uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS)Frederik Pleitgen, CN
(7 Apr 2022) Drone video team turns the tables on hiding Russian vehicle
a dedicated team of drone enthusiasts perform ISR, pass coordinates to the Army, who interdict Russian tankAlia Shoai
(20 Mar 2022) An elite Ukrainian drone unit on quad bikes ambushed Russian forces, helping to defeat Putin's plan to capture Kyiv, report says
/ref>Jomana Karadsheh, CN
(8 Apr 2022) Turkish drone is so effective, Ukrainian troops are singing about it
after ISR, Bayraktar drone documents strikes as Information operation for consumersSky New
(10 Mar 2022) Ukraine War: Dramatic drone footage shows Russian convoy 'ambush'
ISR sample such as the US Air Force's

Global Hawk The Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk is a high-altitude, remotely-piloted surveillance aircraft of the 1990s–2020s. It was initially designed by Ryan Aeronautical (now part of Northrop Grumman), and known as Tier II+ during development. T ...

and

Predator Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...

and the US Army's Hunter and PSST Aerostats, to unmanned ocean-going vessels, to other ground-, air-, sea-, or space-based equipment, to human intelligence teams, or to AI-based ISR systems. The intelligence data provided by these ISR systems can take many forms, including optical, radar, or infrared images or electronic signals. Effective ISR data can provide early warning of enemy threats as well as enable military forces to increase effectiveness, coordination, and lethality, and demand for ISR capabilities to support ongoing military operations has increased. In December 2021, the US Navy began testing the usefulness and effectiveness of unmanned "saildrones" at recognizing targets of interest on the high seas. For space-based targeting sensors, in a 2019 Broad Agency Announcement, the US government defined ISR in this case as "a capability for gathering data and information on an object or in an area of interest (AOI) on a persistent, event-driven, or scheduled basis using imagery, signals, and other collection methods. This includes warning (to include ballistic missile activity), targeting analysis, threat capability assessment, situational awareness, battle damage assessment (BDA), and characterization of the operational environment." ''Persistence'' was in turn described: "Persistent access provides predictable coverage of an area of interest (AOI). Most space-based intelligence collection capabilities consist of multiple satellites operating in concert, or supplemented by other sensors, when continuous surveillance of an area is desired. Persistent sensors must provide sufficient surveillance revisit timelines to support a weapon strike at any time."(11 Feb 2021) SDA to launch several demonstration satellites in 2021
/ref>
/ref>Theresa Hitchens (1 Apr 2021) Theater Commands OK SDA’s Sat Plans: EXCLUSIVE
/ref> The

United States Space Force The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space service branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and the world's only independent space force. Along with its sister branch, the U.S. Air Force, the Space ...

National Reconnaissance Office The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a member of the United States Intelligence Community and an agency of the United States Department of Defense which designs, builds, launches, and operates the reconnaissance satellites of the U.S. f ...

(NRO), and

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is a combat support agency within the United States Department of Defense whose primary mission is collecting, analyzing, and distributing geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) in support of national ...

(NGA) share the satellite-based ISR task as of 2021.Theresa Hitchen
(22 Oct 2021) EXCLUSIVE: Imagery Industry Seeking Direct DoD Sales In Wake Of Tiny NRO Bid
FY2022 NRO bid *Theresa Hitchen
(30 Jul 2021) EXCLUSIVE: NRO Space ‘Civil Reserve’ Includes Shutter Control Option
/ref>Colin Clar
(24 Aug 2021) NRO, NGA, SPACECOM, Space Force Hammer Out Boundaries
/ref> Theresa Hitchen
(29 Apr 2022) NATO considers buying commercial imagery, irking US spy sat agencies: Sources
NGA, NRO, ...Therese Hitchen
(15 Dec 2022) 'Huge, huge problem': DoD space policy chief says over-classification harming allied advantage
—John Plumb ''See

Space Delta 7 Space Delta 7 (DEL 7) is a United States Space Force unit responsible for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) for the United States Space Force. The delta provides actionable and time-sensitive intelligence for space domain oper ...

'' NGA uses Data transformation services (DTS), a program begun in 2018, to convert raw sensor data into a format usable by its mission partners, who are government agencies whose names are classified.Theresa Hitchens (14 Jun 2021) NGA Seeks Upgraded Software To Speed Analysis
Processing, exploitation, and dissemination (PED) in support of the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) of the mission partners. In light of the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...

, NGA has taken operational control of DoD's Project Maven, the AI ISR project for area defense, to identify point targets for ISR.Patrick Tucke
(25 Apr 2022) NGA Will Take Over Pentagon’s Flagship AI Program
NRO "has a proven track record in SR, Theresa Hitchens (17 Jun 2021) Key Lawmaker Warns Off Space Force On Tactical ISR
' "I think before you hand off the ball, let's make sure there won't be a fumble -- and the Space Force has a lot on plate right now," Rep. Jim Cooper says. ' insists one of the founders of the US Space Force, who defends the capability of the NRO over the ambition of the Space Force to take over the role of ISR.Theresa Hitchens (19 Jul 2021) Exclusive: NRO Erects Buy American Barriers Against Allied Satellite Data
Authorities: conflicted Theresa Hitchens
(27 Apr 2022) After Ukraine success, NRO says electro-optical imagery contracts due this summer
EO and SAR imagery GMTI (ground moving target indicator) data is an objective for Space Force, NGA, and NRO.Theresa Hitchen
(28 Apr 2022) Space Force team asks warfighters: What do you need from space ISR?
GMTI (ground moving target indicator) data is an objective for Space Force, NGA, and NRO ;ISR at platoon level Junior (3rd year) and Senior (4th year) cadets at

West Point The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...

had hands-on experience building and using drones with various tactical capabilities, guided by faculty from the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science departments in tactical applications during Cadet Leadership Development Training in July 2022.Jorge Garcia, Pointer View Staff Write
(3 Aug 2022) Cadets enhance tactical skills through drone training
ISR concepts are also associated with certain intelligence units, for instance

Task Force ODIN Task Force ODIN, whose name is an acronym for observe, detect, identify, and neutralize, is a United States Army aviation battalion created in August 2006 to conduct reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA) operations to combat ...

, ISR TF (Company+) in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan. In the United States, the similar entity is used within their Marine Corps's Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Intelligence Group (SRIG). The SRIG modelled as a consolidated military intelligence collection agency, most of the gathered intelligence are collected from many sources (i.e. STA Sniper platoons, Marine reconnaissance assets, signal intelligence, etc.). ;Commercial ISR In light of the

commercial satellite imagery Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world. Satellite imaging companies sell ima ...

is being used to track troop movements, broadcast world events in real time, and conduct war.—

NHK World-Japan NHK World-Japan (formerly and also known simply as NHK World) is the international arm of the Japanese State media, state-controlled public broadcaster NHK. Its services are aimed at the overseas market, similar to those offered by other nationa ...

br>(15 Jul 2022) Ukraine: The New Satellite War - Digital Eye
video clip, 49:06KATERYNA TYSHCHENKO ''Ukrainska Pravda'

"The Russian military might use this equipment, and particularly on the Izium and Sloviansk fronts"

ISTAR

ISTAR is the process of integrating the intelligence process with surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance tasks in order to improve a commander's

situational awareness Situational awareness or situation awareness (SA) is the perception of environmental elements and events with respect to time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their future status. An alternative definition is tha ...

and consequently their

decision making In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rati ...

. The inclusion of the "I" is important as it recognizes the importance of taking the information from all the sensors and processing it into useful knowledge. ISTAR can also refer to: * a unit or sub unit with ISTAR as a task (e.g.: an ISTAR squadron) * equipment required to support the task

Variations of ISTAR

There are several variations on the "ISTAR" acronym. Some variations reflect specific emphasis on certain aspects of ISTAR.

Surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (STAR)

A term used when emphasis is to be placed on the sensing component of ISTAR.

Reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA)

RSTA Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) refers to a joint doctrine of reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition conducted by the United States Armed Forces. RSTA operations are designed to support military operatio ...

is used by the US Army in place of STAR or ISTAR. Also, a term used to identify certain

US Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...

units: for instance, 3rd Squadron, 153rd RSTA. These units serve a similar role to the below mentioned

US Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...

STA platoons, but on a larger scale.

Surveillance and target acquisition (STA)

Used to designate one of the following: *A US

Military Occupational Specialty A United States military occupation code, or a military occupational specialty code (MOS code), is a nine-character code used in the United States Army and United States Marine Corps to identify a specific job. In the United States Air Force, a sy ...

(MOS) - specifically a STA

United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper (MOS 0317, formerly 8541) is a secondary MOS (Military Occupational Specialty) designator of U.S. Marine Corps infantrymen and reconnaissance Marines that have graduated from a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Snip ...

*The role of a unit (e.g. STA patrol) or equipment *A doctrine similar to ISTAR; for the US, and its allies and partners, its basis is the US National Defense Space Architecture (NDSA) as realized by layered constellations of

Earth satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisoto ...

s and

Earth station A ground station, Earth station, or Earth terminal is a terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary telecommunication with spacecraft (constituting part of the ground segment of the spacecraft system), or reception of radio waves fro ...

ISTAR units and formations

(U.S. Space Force) *Reconnaissance Surveillance and Target Acquisition (

) Units (U.S. Army) *

Long-Range Surveillance Long-range surveillance (LRS) teams (pronounced "lurse") were elite, specially-trained surveillance units of the United States Army employed for clandestine operation by Military Intelligence for gathering direct human intelligence information de ...

(LRS) Units (U.S. Army) * Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS,

Raytheon Sentinel The Raytheon Sentinel is an airborne battlefield and ground surveillance aircraft formerly operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF). While based on the Bombardier Global Express ultra long-range business jet, the prime contractor for the Senti ...

Alliance Ground Surveillance Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) is a NATO programme to acquire an airborne ground surveillance capability (Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program on the Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk). In a similar fashion as with Strategic Airl ...

Aircraft *

Sayeret Matkal General Staff Reconnaissance Unit (formerly Unit 269 or Unit 262), more commonly known as Sayeret Matkal ( he, סיירת מטכ״ל) is the special reconnaissance unit (''sayeret'') of Israel's General Staff (''matkal''). It is the prime special ...

Shaldag Unit Unit 5101, more commonly known as Shaldag ( he, שלדג, ''Kingfisher''), is an elite Israeli Air Force (IAF) special forces unit and one of the main Israeli special forces units. The unit is part of the Special Air Forces Wing (Wing 7) in the IA ...

*''Brigade de renseignement'' (French army) * 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment (French special force) * ntelligence_battalion_Norwegian_Army) *Jegerkompaniet.html" ;"title="Norwegian_Army.html" ;"title="ntelligence battalion Norwegian Army">ntelligence battalion Norwegian Army) *Jegerkompaniet">Norwegian_Army.html" ;"title="ntelligence battalion Norwegian Army">ntelligence battalion Norwegian Army) *Jegerkompaniet (Norwegian Army) *Kystjegerkommandoen (Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command) *Artillerijeger (Norwegian Army) *Garnisonen i Sør-Varanger (Borderguard, Norwegian Army) *ISTAR battalion (Norwegian Army) *ISTAR HQ platoon (Norwegian Army) * Joint ISTAR Command (

Dutch Army The Royal Netherlands Army ( nl, Koninklijke Landmacht) is the land branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. Though the Royal Netherlands Army was raised on 9 January 1814, its origins date back to 1572, when the was raised – making the Dutc ...

) *

103 ISTAR battalion {{Infobox military unit , unit_name =103 Battalion , image = , caption = , dates =2003–2011 , country =Netherlands , allegiance = , branch =Cavalry , type = , role = Reconnaissance , size = , command_structure =Regiment Huzaren van ...

(Dutch Army) * Cavalry Corps (

Irish Army The Irish Army, known simply as the Army ( ga, an tArm), is the land component of the Defence Forces of Ireland.The Defence Forces are made up of the Permanent Defence Forces – the standing branches – and the Reserve Defence Forces. The A ...

) *''

Jagers te Paard Battalion The Jagers te Paard Battalion ( nl, Battjon Jagers te Paard) (french: Bataillon de chasseurs à cheval) is a Reconnaissance battalion in the Medium Brigade (Belgium), Motorized Brigade of the Military of Belgium, Belgian Armed Forces. Jagers te ...

'' (

Belgian Army The Land Component ( nl, Landcomponent, french: Composante terre) is the land branch of the Belgian Armed Forces. The King of the Belgians is the commander in chief. The current chief of staff of the Land Component is Major-General Pierre Gérard. ...

) *

ISTAR Battalion (Portuguese Army) The ISTAR Battalion (BISTAR, ''Batalhão ISTAR'' in Portuguese) is the Portuguese Army unit responsible for centralizing the intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) missions. The ISTAR started to be raised in 20 ...

NBG ISTAR TF NBG may refer to: *Namibian Black German, a pidgin variant of the German language native to Namibia * Natal Border Guard, a military unit of the Colony of Natal during the Anglo-Zulu War *National Bank of Georgia *National Bank of Greece *Naval Air ...

(EU

Nordic Battle Group The Nordic Battlegroup (NBG) is one of eighteen European Union battlegroups. It consists of around 2,500 soldiers including officers, with manpower contributed from the seven participating Northern European countries, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Ire ...

) *ISTAR (

Canadian Army The Canadian Army (french: Armée canadienne) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also respo ...

) * 62nd Svarzochna Brigada (

Bulgarian Armed Forces The Bulgarian Army ( bg, Българска армия, Bŭlgarska armiya) is the military of Bulgaria. The commander-in-chief is the president of Bulgaria. The Ministry of Defense is responsible for political leadership, while overall military ...

) * Särskilda Inhämtningsgruppen (SIG) (

Swedish Armed Forces The Swedish Armed Forces ( sv, Försvarsmakten, "the Defense Force") is the government agency that forms the armed forces of Sweden, tasked with the defense of the country as well as with promoting Sweden's wider interests, supporting internati ...

) * 61 Special Reconnaissance Regiment ( Jordan Royal Guard,

Jordanian Armed Forces The Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) ( ar, الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الأرْدُنِية, romanized: ''Al-Quwwat Al-Musallaha Al-Urduniyya''), also referred to as the Arab Army ( ar, الْجَيْشُ الْعَرَب� ...

) * Strategic Reconnaissance Company ( 28th Ranger Brigade,

) * Acquisition and Survey Regiment (

) * Special Support & Reconnaissance Company - SSR (

Danish Defence Danish Defence ( da, Forsvaret, fo, Danska verjan, kl, Illersuisut) is the unified armed forces of the Kingdom of Denmark charged with the defence of Denmark and its constituent, self-governing nations Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The De ...

) * ISTAR Bat TF 11 ad hoc] (

Swiss Armed Forces The Swiss Armed Forces (german: Schweizer Armee, french: Armée suisse, it, Esercito svizzero, rm, Armada svizra; ) operates on land and in the air, serving as the primary armed forces of Switzerland. Under the country's militia system, re ...

) * 350. military intelligence battalion ( 350. vojnoobavještajna bojna ) (

Croatian Army The Croatian Army ( hr, Hrvatska kopnena vojska or HKoV) is the largest and most significant component of the Croatian Armed Forces (CAF). Role and deployment The fundamental role and purpose of the Croatian Army is to protect vital national i ...

) * Razuznavacki bataljon na ARM, Republika Makedonija * 5. obveščevalno-izvidniški bataljon, 5th Intelligence-Reconnaissance Btn,

Military of Slovenia The Slovenian Armed Forces or Slovenian Army (SAF; sl, Slovenska vojska; 'SV'' are the armed forces of Slovenia. Since 2003, it is organized as a fully professional standing army. The Commander-in-Chief of the SAF is the President of the Rep ...

* ISTAR battalion ( Slovakian army) * Regimiento de Inteligencia 1 (1st Intelligence Regiment,

Spanish Army The Spanish Army ( es, Ejército de Tierra, lit=Land Army) is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest active armies — dating back to the late 15th century. The ...

) * 32nd Regiment Royal Artillery UAS Regiment (British Army) *

47th Regiment Royal Artillery 47 Regiment Royal Artillery is a regiment of the Royal Artillery in the British Army. It is equipped with the Thales Watchkeeper WK450. It is located at Horne Barracks, Larkhill in Wiltshire. It falls under command of 1st Aviation Brigade. Hi ...

UAS Regiment (British Army) * 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group (Royal Marines) * 21 SAS and 23 SAS (British Army), now part of 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade *

Honourable Artillery Company The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) is a reserve regiment in the British Army. Incorporated by royal charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII, it is the oldest regiment in the British Army and is considered the second-oldest military unit in the w ...

(British Army) *

Surveillance, Reconnaissance, Intelligence Group Surveillance, Reconnaissance, Intelligence Groups (SRIG) were Marine Corps Intelligence, reconnaissance, and communications units of the United States Marine Corps from 1988 to 1997. The SRIG command structure combined units of Radio Battalion, A ...

(SRIG) U.S. Marine Corps * STA Sniper U.S. Marine Corps *

6th Brigade (Australia) The 6th Combat Support Brigade is an Australian Army brigade. First formed in 1912 as a Militia formation to provide training under the compulsory training scheme, the brigade was re-raised during the First World War as an infantry unit of the ...

* Intelligence Center ( hr, Središnjica za obavještajno djelovanje) (

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

) * Fernspäher (German

Bundeswehr The ''Bundeswehr'' (, meaning literally: ''Federal Defence'') is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ''Bundeswehr'' is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part con ...

)

Notes

References

External links

INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, and RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) PROGRAMS – ACSC Research Topic
{{DEFAULTSORT:Istar Military doctrines United States Department of Defense doctrine Targeting (warfare) Reconnaissance