Iłownica (german: Illownitz) is a village in
Gmina Jasienica
Gmina Jasienica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Its seat is the village of Jasienica.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of ...
,
Bielsko County
__NOTOC__
Bielsko County ( pl, powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reform ...
,
Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.
It has a population of 1,018 (2016).
It lies on the Iłownica River, a tributary of the
Vistula, in the Upper Vistula Valley of
Oświęcim Basin
Oświęcim Basin ( pl, Kotlina OświęcimskaProf. Jerzy Kondracki. Geografia fizyczna Polski. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warszawa. 1988. ) is a lowland, located in southern Poland, between the Lesser Poland Highlands to the north, Silesian F ...
, in the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia. The name of both the river and the village is derived from
loam
Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–sil ...
(Polish: ''ił'', adjective: ''iłowy'').
History
The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of the
Diocese of Wrocław called ''
Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis
Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ( pl, Księga uposażeń biskupstwa wrocławskiego, ''Book of endowments of the Bishopric of Wrocław'') is a Latin manuscript catalog of documents compiled in the later 13th or in the early 14th centu ...
'' from around 1305 as ''item in Gylownita''. It meant that the village was in the process of location (the size of land one which a
tithe must be paid was not yet precisely established). The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would be later known as
Upper Silesia.
Politically the village belonged initially to the
Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of
feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of the
Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great.
Branch ...
. In 1327 the duchy became a
fee of the
Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
.
The village with
Kisielów was bought from Karl Freyherrn von Celesta by
Teschener Kammer
Teschener Kammer or Teschen Chamber (, ) is a name of a latifundium owned directly by the Dukes of Teschen in the years 1653–1918 and a name of the institution managing it on their behalf.
History
It was instituted after the death of Elizab ...
in 1792 for 120,000
florins.
After the
revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern
municipal division was introduced in the re-established
Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality became part of the
political district of
Bielitz (Bielsko) and the
legal district of
Schwarzwasser (Strumień). According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 707 in 1880 to 744 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish-speakers (99.1%-99.9%) accompanied by a few German-speaking people (at most 7, or 0.9%, in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 majority were
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(97%), followed by
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
(22 or 3%).
The village was also traditionally inhabited by
Cieszyn Vlachs
The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, t ...
, speaking the
Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After
World War I, the fall of
Austria-Hungary, the
Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of
Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became a part of
Poland. It was then
annexed
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
by
Nazi Germany at the beginning of
World War II. After the war it was restored to
Poland.
In the years 2005-2011 a church dedicated to John Paul II was built in the village, as a
filial church A filial church, in the Roman Catholic Church, is a church to which is annexed the cure of souls, but which remains dependent on another church. The term comes from the Latin ''filialis'', from ''filia'', “daughter”.
Description
The term ''fili ...
of
Rudzica.
Footnotes
References
*
External links
*
Information on the Gmina Jasienica website
Villages in Bielsko County
Cieszyn Silesia
{{Bielsko-geo-stub