Ivo Samkalden (10 August 1912 – 11 May 1995) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. He was granted the honorary title of

Minister of State Minister of State is a title borne by politicians in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a Minister of State is a Junior Minister of government, who is assigned to assist a specific Cabinet Minister. In ...

on 22 January 1985. Samkalden applied at the Leiden University in June 1930 majoring in

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

and obtaining a

Bachelor of Laws Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Ch ...

degree in July 1932 before graduating with a

Master of Laws A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: ' or ') is an advanced postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in a related subject. In mos ...

degree on 31 January 1936 and worked as a researcher at the Leiden University and later got a

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

as an

Doctor of Law A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor (LL ...

on 11 March 1938. Samkalden worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Colonial Affairs in

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

in the Dutch East Indies from September 1938 until April 1942. In April 1942 Samkalden was arrested and detained in the Japanese internment camp Batu Lintang. Samkalden was transferred to the five different internment camps during the Japanese occupation and was detained until September 1945. Following the end of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

Samkalden moved to Surabaya but was arrested during the Indonesian National Revolution. Samkalden was released on 13 November 1945 and moved back to the Netherlands and worked as civil servant for the

Ministry of Justice A Ministry of Justice is a common type of government department that serves as a justice ministry. Lists of current ministries of justice Named "Ministry" * Ministry of Justice (Abkhazia) * Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan) * Ministry of Just ...

from September 1946 until June 1947. Samkalden worked as a researcher and associate professor of

Constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in fe ...

at the Leiden University June 1947 until February 1948. Samkalden worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Supplies as Director-General of the department for Legal Affairs from February 1948 until May 1952 and worked as a professor of

Agricultural law Agricultural law, sometimes referred to as Ag Law, deals with such legal issues as agricultural infrastructure, seed, water, fertilizer, pesticide use, agricultural finance, agricultural labour, agricultural marketing, agricultural insurance, farmi ...

at the Wageningen Agricultural College from May 1952 until October 1956. Samkalden served on the Provincial-Council of

Gelderland Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...

from July 1954 until October 1956. After the election of 1956 Samkalden was appointed as

Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...

in the Cabinet Drees III, taking office on 13 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the

caretaker Caretaker may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''The Caretaker'' (film), a 1963 adaptation of the play ''The Caretaker'' * '' The Caretakers'', a 1963 American film set in a mental hospital * Caretaker, a character in the 1974 film '' ...

Cabinet Beel II on 22 December 1958. Samkalden was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1959, taking office on 20 March 1959. Samkalden also became active in the

public sector The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, inf ...

and worked as a professor of

International relations International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such a ...

and Leiden University from May 1959 until April 1965. After the Senate election of 1960 Samkalden was elected as a Member of the Senate, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 1 September 1960 and was installed as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 20 September 1960. On 27 February 1965 the Cabinet Marijnen fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1965 when it was replaced by Cabinet Cals with Samkalden appointed again as Minister of Justice, taking office on 14 April 1965. Samkalden served as acting

Minister of the Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...

from 31 August 1966 until 5 September 1966 following the resignation of

Jan Smallenbroek Jan Smallenbroek (21 February 1909 – 29 September 1974) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and nonprofit director. Smallenbroek attended the State ...

. The Cabinet Cals fell just one year later on 14 October 1966 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra on 22 November 1966. In December 1966 Samkalden announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1967. Samkalden remained in active politics, in July 1967 he was nominated as

Mayor of Amsterdam Below is a list of Burgomaster, mayors (Dutch language, Dutch: ''burgemeesters'') of Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands. The city had four burgomasters, serving four years. Since 1389 the mayors were elected on 1 February. In the 17th and 18th ...

, serving from 1 August 1967 until 1 June 1977. Samkalden retired after spending 21 years in national politics but remained active in the public sector, occupying numerous seats as a nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards ( Carnegie Foundation, Organisation for Scientific Research, T.M.C. Asser Instituut,

Anne Frank Foundation The Anne Frank Foundation ( nl, Anne Frank Stichting) is a foundation in the Netherlands originally established to maintain the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam. This foundation also advocates the fight against antisemitism and racism and publishes t ...

and the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government ( Education Council, Probation Agency and the Council for Culture). Samkalden also served as a distinguished professor of

Minority rights Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities, and also the collective rights accorded to any minority group. Civil-rights movements ...

at the Leiden University holding the Cleveringa Chair from 1 September 1978 until 1 September 1979. Samkalden was known for his abilities as a

manager Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business. Management includes the activities ...

and '' policy wonk''. Samkalden continued to comment on political affairs as a statesman until his death at the age of 82. He holds the distinction as the first Jewish Mayor of Amsterdam.

Decorations

References

External links

;Official *
Dr. I. (Ivo) Samkalden
Parlement & Politiek *
Dr. I. Samkalden (PvdA)
Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal 1912 births 1995 deaths Agricultural law scholars Dutch expatriates in Indonesia Dutch legal scholars Dutch nonprofit directors Dutch people of World War II Dutch prisoners of war in World War II Dutch scholars of constitutional law Grand Officers of the Order of Leopold II International relations scholars Internees at Batu Lintang camp Jewish Dutch politicians Jewish Dutch writers Jewish educators Jewish mayors of places in the Netherlands Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians Leiden University alumni Leiden University faculty Mayors of Amsterdam Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands) Members of the Provincial Council of Gelderland Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Senate (Netherlands) Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands Ministers of State (Netherlands) Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands Politicians from Rotterdam Wageningen University and Research faculty World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan Writers from Amsterdam Writers from Rotterdam 20th-century Dutch civil servants 20th-century Dutch jurists 20th-century Dutch male writers 20th-century Dutch politicians {{Netherlands-mayor-stub