Ivar Grünthal (8 April 1924 – 14 February 1996) was an

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

n writer. His parents were lawyers Vera Poska-Grünthal and Timotheus Grünthal. His grandfather was statesman

Jaan Poska Jaan Poska VR III/1 (; , Laiusevälja, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia – 7 March 1920, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian barrister and politician. Early life Poska was born the fifth of 12 children of a Russian Orthodox parish school ...

. From 1932 to 1941 he studied at

Hugo Treffner Gymnasium Hugo Treffner Gymnasium ( et, Hugo Treffneri Gümnaasium; abbreviated as HTG) is a secondary school in Tartu, Estonia with special emphasis on science education. Founded by Hugo Treffner, it was the only large secondary school in 19th-century Est ...

Tartu Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of ...

. In 1942 he started his schooling at

University of Tartu The University of Tartu (UT; et, Tartu Ülikool; la, Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is the only classical university in the country, and also its biggest ...

(studying medicine), but in 1943 he was transferred to

Helsinki University The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public university, public Research university, research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turk ...

. In 1944 he joined the

Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 Infantry Regiment 200 ( fi, Jalkaväkirykmentti 200, JR 200, et, Jalaväerügement 200, JR 200) or soomepoisid (''Finnish Boys'') was a unit in the Finnish army during World War II made up mostly of Estonian volunteers, who preferred to fight aga ...

. After the war he lived in Sweden. He was the founder and chief editor (1957–1965) of the magazine ''

Mana According to Melanesian and Polynesian mythology, ''mana'' is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have ''mana''. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a ...

''. He was a member of Estonian Writers' Union Abroad, and Estonian PEN Club. He was the acting minister of social affairs of the

Estonian government-in-exile The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991 and 1992. It traced its l ...

Selected works

* 1954: poetry collection ''Must pühapäev'' ('Black Sunday') * 1960: poetry collection ''Lumi ja lubi'' ('Snow and Lime') * 1962: verse novel ''Peetri kiriku kellad'' ('The Bells of St. Peter's Church')

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grunthal, Ivar 1924 births 1996 deaths Estonian male poets Estonian editors Estonian translators Estonian magazine editors 20th-century Estonian poets Estonian people of World War II Hugo Treffner Gymnasium alumni University of Tartu alumni Writers from Tartu Estonian emigrants to Sweden Estonian expatriates in Finland