Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Ши́шкин; 25 January 1832 – 20 March 1898) was a Russian
landscape
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...
painter closely associated with the
Peredvizhniki
Peredvizhniki ( rus, Передви́жники, , pʲɪrʲɪˈdvʲiʐnʲɪkʲɪ), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restr ...
movement.
Biography
![Stamp-russia2007-art-shishkin-portrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Stamp-russia2007-art-shishkin-portrait.png)
Shishkin was born to a Russian merchant family in
Yelabuga
Yelabuga (alternative spelling that reflects the Cyrillic spelling: Elabuga; russian: Елабуга; tt-Cyrl, Алабуга, ''Alabuğa'') is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River and east ...
of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of
Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...
) and graduated from the
Kazan gymnasium. Then he studied at the
for four years. After that, he attended the
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the Thre ...
from 1856 to 1860 and graduated with the highest honours and a
gold medal
A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture.
Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have bee ...
. He received the imperial scholarship for his further studies in Europe.
Five years later Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St. Petersburg and was professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Highest Art School in St. Petersburg.
For some time, Shishkin lived and worked in Switzerland and Germany on scholarship from the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts. On his return to Saint Petersburg, he became a member of the Circle of the
Itinerants and of the Society of Russian
Etchers. He also took part in
exhibition
An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within a cultural or educational setting such as a museum, art gallery, park, library, exhibition ...
s at the Academy of Arts, the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the
Nizhniy Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
(1896), and the
World Fair
A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
s (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, 1873). Shishkin's painting method was based on analytical studies of
nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physics, physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomenon, phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. ...
. He became famous for his forest landscapes and was also an outstanding
draftsman
A drafter (also draughtsman / draughtswoman in British and Commonwealth English, draftsman / draftswoman or drafting technician in American and Canadian English) is an engineering technician who makes detailed technical drawings or plans for m ...
and a
printmaker
Printmaking is the process of creating work of art, artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand proce ...
.
Ivan Shishkin owned a
dacha
A dacha ( rus, дача, p=ˈdatɕə, a=ru-dacha.ogg) is a seasonal or year-round second home, often located in the exurbs of post-Soviet countries, including Russia. A cottage (, ') or shack serving as a family's main or only home, or an outbu ...
in
Vyra, south from St. Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds. In 1891, he was appointed professor-director of the landscape class in the Academy's Advanced Art School. In 1898, he completed his painting ''The Pine Grove'' and died on 20 March in St. Petersburg, while working on his new painting.
A
minor planet
According to the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is exclusively classified as neither a planet nor a comet. Before 2006, the IAU officially used the term ''minor ...
3558 Shishkin, discovered by Soviet astronomer
Lyudmila Zhuravlyova
Lyudmila Vasilyevna Zhuravleva (russian: Людмила Васильевна Журавлёва, uk, Людмила Василівна Журавльова, Ljudmyla Vasylivna Žuravljova; born 22 May 1946) is a Soviet, Russian and Ukrainian ast ...
in 1978, is named after him.
Gallery
File:Utro v sosnovom lesu.jpg, ''Morning in a Pine Forest
The ''Morning in a Pine Forest'' (russian: Утро в сосновом лесу) is a painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. The bears were painted by Savitsky, but the art collector Pavel Tretyakov effaced his signatu ...
'', 1889
File:Ivan Shishkin - Рожь - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Rye
Rye (''Secale cereale'') is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to both wheat (''Triticum'') and barley (genus ''Hordeum''). Rye grain is u ...
'', 1878
File:Iwan Iwanowitsch Schischkin 002.jpg, ''Oak Grove'', 1887
File:1880er Ivan Shishkin Wald anagoria.JPG, ''Forest'', 1895
File:Ivan Shishkin - Winter.JPG, ''Winter'', 1890
File:Шишкин И. И. (1891) На севере диком.jpg, ''In the Wild North'', 1891
File:Shishkin DozVDubLesu 114.jpg, ''Rain in an Oak Forest'', 1891
File:Берёзовый лес.jpg, ''Birch Forest'', 1871
File:ShishkinII SosnaNaPeskeRYB.jpg, ''Pine on Sand'', 1884
File:1889 Shishkin Felsige Landschaft anagoria.JPG, ''The Rocky Landscape'', 1889
File:Ivan Shishkin - View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg.JPG, ''View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg'', 1856
File:Иван Шишкин После шторма в Мери-Хови 1891.jpg, ''After the Storm in Meri Hovi'', 1891
File:Iwan Iwanowitsch Schischkin 003.jpg, ''Forest Distance'', 1884
References
Literary sources
*
External links
Ivan Shishkin at Tanais GalleryDescription of the picture.
Description of the picture.
Description of the picture.
Ivan Shishkin Memorial House Museum, Russia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shishkin, Ivan
1832 births
1898 deaths
People from Yelabuga
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
Painters from Saint Petersburg
Imperial Academy of Arts alumni
Russian landscape painters
Peredvizhniki
Members of the Imperial Academy of Arts
Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture alumni