The University of Lviv ( uk, Львівський університет, Lvivskyi universytet; pl, Uniwersytet Lwowski; german: Universität Lemberg, briefly known as the ''Theresianum'' in the early 19th century), presently the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv ( uk, Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universitet imeni Ivana Franka), is the oldest institution of higher learning in present-day
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
dating from 1661 when
John II Casimir
John II Casimir ( pl, Jan II Kazimierz Waza; lt, Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 ...
,
King of Poland, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
. The present institution can be dated to 1940. It is located in the historic city of
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukrain ...
in
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a relational adjective—in English translating to a noun adjunct w ...
of
Western Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austria ...
.
History
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The university was founded on January 20, 1661, when King
John II Casimir
John II Casimir ( pl, Jan II Kazimierz Waza; lt, Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 ...
of Poland granted a charter to the city's
Jesuit Collegium, founded in 1608, giving it "the honor of an academy and the title of a university". In 1589, the Jesuits had tried to found a university earlier, but did not succeed. Establishing another seat of learning in the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
* Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exi ...
was seen as a threat by the authorities of
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
's
Jagiellonian University, which did not want a rival and stymied the Jesuits' plans for the following years.
According to the
Treaty of Hadiach
The Treaty of Hadiach ( pl, ugoda hadziacka; uk, гадяцький договір) was a treaty signed on 16 September 1658 in Hadiach (Hadziacz, Hadiacz, Гадяч) between representatives of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ( representin ...
(1658), an
Orthodox
Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to:
Religion
* Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...
Ruthenian academy was to be created in
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe.
Kyi ...
and another one in an unspecified location. The Jesuits suspected that it would be established in Lwów/Lviv on the foundations of the
Orthodox Brotherhood
Brotherhoods ( uk, братства, bratstva; literally, "fraternities") were the unions of Eastern Orthodox citizens or lay brothers affiliated with individual churches in the cities throughout the Ruthenian part of the Polish–Lithuanian Com ...
's school, and used this as a pretext for obtaining a royal mandate that elevated their college to the status of an academy (no city could have two academies).
King John II Casimir was a supporter of the Jesuits and his stance was crucial. The original royal charter was subsequently confirmed by another decree issued in
Częstochowa on February 5, 1661.
In 1758, King
Augustus III
Augustus III ( pl, August III Sas, lt, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Aug ...
issued a decree, which described the Collegium as an academy, equal in fact status to the
Jagiellonian University, with two faculties, those of
Theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
and
Philosophy.
Austrian rule
In 1772, the city of Lwów was annexed by
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
(see:
Partitions of Poland). Its German name was
Lemberg and hence that of the university. In 1773 the
Suppression of the Society of Jesus
The suppression of the Jesuits was the removal of all members of the Society of Jesus from most of the countries of Western Europe and their colonies beginning in 1759, and the abolishment of the order by the Holy See in 1773. The Jesuits were ...
by Rome (
Dominus ac Redemptor
''Dominus ac Redemptor'' (''Lord and Redeemer'') is the papal brief promulgated on 21 July 1773 by which Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus. The Society was restored in 1814 by Pius VII.
Background
The Jesuits had been expelled ...
) was soon followed by the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which meant that the university was excluded from the
Commission of National Education
The Commission of National Education ( pl, Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, KEN; lt, Edukacinė komisija) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and King Stanisław II August on October 1 ...
reform. It was renamed ''Theresianum'' by the Austrians, i.e. a State Academy. On 21 October 1784, the Austrian Emperor
Joseph II
Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: ''Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam''; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 29, 1780 un ...
signed an act of foundation of a secular university.
He began to Germanise the institution by bringing German-speaking professors from various parts of the empire. The university now had four faculties. To theology and philosophy were added those of
law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
and
medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...
. Latin was the official language of the university, with Polish and German as auxiliary. Literary Slaveno-Rusyn (Ruthenian/Ukrainian) of the period had been used in the Studium Ruthenium (1787–1809), a special institute of the university for educating candidates for the Uniate (Greek-Catholic) priesthood.
In 1805, the university was closed, as Austria, then involved in the
Napoleonic wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
, did not have sufficient funds to support it. Instead, it operated as a high school. The university was reopened in 1817.
Officially Vienna described it as an "act of mercy", but the actual reasons were different. The Austrian government was aware of the pro-Polish stance of the Russian Emperor
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
and the Austrians wanted to challenge it. However, the quality of the university's education was not considered high. Latin was replaced by German and most professors were mediocre. The few good ones regarded their stay in Lemberg as a springboard to other centres.
In 1848, when the pan-European revolution reached Lemberg (see:
Revolutions of 1848
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europea ...
), students of the university created two organizations: "The Academic Legion" and "the Academic Committee" both of which demanded that the university be
Polonized
Polonization (or Polonisation; pl, polonizacja)In Polish historiography, particularly pre-WWII (e.g., L. Wasilewski. As noted in Смалянчук А. Ф. (Smalyanchuk 2001) Паміж краёвасцю і нацыянальнай ідэя ...
. The government in Vienna answered with force, and on November 2, 1848, the centre of the city was shelled by the troops led by General Hammerstein striking the buildings of the university, especially its library. A curfew was called and the university was temporarily closed. Major demand for Ukrainians was the education of teachers and promotion of Ukrainian culture through Ukrainian courses at the university and to this end, a committee for the Defense of Ukrainian Education was created.
[Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha. Feminists Despite Themselves: Women in Ukrainian Community Life, 1884-1939. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1988.]
It was reopened in January 1850, with only limited autonomy. After a few years the Austrians relented and on July 4, 1871 Vienna declared Polish and Ruthenian (Ukrainian) as the official languages at the university.
[Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor). ''Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule'' (Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016. , 9781317118442. ]Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical ...
br>PT196
Eight years later this was changed. The Austrian authorities declared Polish as the main teaching medium with Ruthenian and German as auxiliary. Examinations in the two latter languages were possible as long as the professors used them. This move created unrest among the Ruthenians (Ukrainians), who were demanding equal rights. In 1908, a Ruthenian student of the philosophy faculty,
Miroslaw Siczynski, had assassinated the Polish governor of
Galicia, .
Meanwhile, the University of Lemberg thrived, being one of two Polish language universities in Galicia, the other one was the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Its professors were famous across Europe, with such renowned names as
Wladyslaw Abraham,
Oswald Balzer
Oswald Marian Balzer (23 January 1858 in Chodorów – 11 January 1933 in Lwów) was a Polish historian of law and statehood, one of the most renowned Polish historians of his times.
In 1887 he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Be ...
,
Szymon Askenazy,
Stanislaw Zakrzewski Stanislav and variants may refer to:
People
*Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.)
Places
* Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine
* Stanislaus County, Cali ...
,
Zygmunt Janiszewski
Zygmunt Janiszewski (12 July 1888 – 3 January 1920) was a Polish mathematician.
Early life and education
He was born to mother Julia Szulc-Chojnicka and father, Czeslaw Janiszewski who was a graduate of the University of Warsaw and served as t ...
,
Kazimierz Twardowski
Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.
...
,
Benedykt Dybowski
Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski (12 May 183331 January 1930) was a Polish naturalist and physician.
Life
Benedykt Dybowski was born in Adamaryni, within the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire to Polish nobility. He was the brother of naturalis ...
,
Marian Smoluchowski and
Ludwik Rydygier
Ludwik Antoni Rydygier (21 August 1850 – 25 June 1920) was a Polish surgeon, professor of medicine, rector of the University of Lwów and Brigadier General of the Polish Army. He was one of the most distinguished Polish and worldwide known surg ...
.
In the 1870s,
Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced ˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, ...
studied at Lemberg University. He entered world history as a well-known Ukrainian scholar, public figure, writer, and translator. In 1894, the newly founded Chair of World History and the History of Eastern Europe was headed by Professor
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
(1866–1934), an outstanding scholar of Ukrainian History, founder of the Ukrainian Historical School, and author of the ten-volume "History of Ukraine-Rus'", hundreds of works on History, History of Literature, Historiography, and Source Studies. In 1904, a special summer course in Ukrainian studies was organized in Lviv, primarily for Eastern Ukrainian students.
The number of students grew from 1,732 in 1897 to 3,582 in 1906. Poles made up around 75% of the students, Ukrainians 20%, other nationalities 5%.
In mid-December 1910, Ukrainian women students at Lviv University established a Student Union's women's branch, their twenty members meeting regularly to discuss current affairs. In July 1912, they met with their Jewish counterpart branch to discuss the representation of women in the student body of the university.
Second Polish Republic
During the Interbellum period, the region was part of the
Second Polish Republic and the university was known as "Jan Kazimierz University"
[ ( pl, Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza), in honor of its founder, King ]John II Casimir Vasa
John II Casimir ( pl, Jan II Kazimierz Waza; lt, Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 ...
. The decision to name the school after the king was taken by the government of Poland on November 22, 1919.
In 1920, the university was rehoused by the Polish government in the building formerly used by the Sejm of the Land,[ which has since been the university's main location. Its first ]rector
Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to:
Style or title
*Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations
*Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
during the Second Polish Republic was the famous poet, Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz (12 December 1860 – 1 August 1926) was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland.
Biography
Kasprowicz was born in the village of Szymborze (now part of Inowrocław) within the Provin ...
.
Lwów was the second strongest academic center in inter-war Poland.[ The Jan Kazimierz University was the third biggest university in the country after the ]University of Warsaw
The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields o ...
and the Jagiellonian University in Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
.
It was one of the most influential scholarly institutions of the Second Polish Republic, notable for its schools of mathematics (Stefan Banach
Stefan Banach ( ; 30 March 1892 – 31 August 1945) was a Polish mathematician who is generally considered one of the 20th century's most important and influential mathematicians. He was the founder of modern functional analysis, and an origina ...
, Hugo Steinhaus
Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus ( ; ; January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the Jan Kazimierz Un ...
), logics (Kazimierz Twardowski
Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.
...
), history and law (Oswald Balzer
Oswald Marian Balzer (23 January 1858 in Chodorów – 11 January 1933 in Lwów) was a Polish historian of law and statehood, one of the most renowned Polish historians of his times.
In 1887 he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Be ...
), anthropology (Jan Czekanowski
Jan Czekanowski (October 8, 1882, Głuchów – July 20, 1965, Szczecin) was a Polish anthropologist, statistician, ethnographer, traveller, and linguist. His scientific contributions include introducing his system of racial classification and fou ...
), and geography (Eugeniusz Romer
Eugeniusz Mikołaj Romer (3 February 1871 in Lviv ( pl, Lwów, german: Lemberg) – 28 January 1954) was a distinguished Poles, Polish geographer, cartography, cartographer and geopolitics, geopolitician, whose maps and atlases are still hig ...
).[
The university's library acquired, among others, the collection of and 1,300 old Polish books from the 16th and 17th century, previously belonging to Józef Koziebrodzki. By September 1939, it expanded to 420,000 volumes, including 1,300 manuscripts, 3,000 diplomas and ]incunables
In the history of printing, an incunable or incunabulum (plural incunables or incunabula, respectively), is a book, pamphlet, or broadside (printing), broadside that was printed in the earliest stages of printing in Europe, up to the year 150 ...
, and possessed 14,000 numismatic items.
In 1924 the Philosophy Faculty was divided into Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...
and Mathematics and Biology Departments, thus there were now five faculties. In the 1934/35 academic year, the breakdown of the student body was as follows:
* Theology – 222 students
* Law – 2,978 students
* Medicine – 638 students (together with the Pharmaceutical Section, which had 263 students)
* Humanities – 892 students
* Mathematics and Biology – 870 students
Altogether, during the academic year 1934/35, there were 5900 students at the university, consisting by religious observance of:
* 3793 Roman Catholics (64.3%)
* 1211 Jews (20.5%)
* 739 Ukrainian Greek-Catholics (12.5%)
* 72 Orthodox (1.2%)
* 67 Protestants (1.1%)
Ukrainian professors were required to take a formal oath of allegiance to Poland; most of them refused and left the university in the early 1920s. The principle of "Numerus clausus
''Numerus clausus'' ("closed number" in Latin) is one of many methods used to limit the number of students who may study at a university. In many cases, the goal of the ''numerus clausus'' is simply to limit the number of students to the maximum ...
" had been introduced after which Ukrainian applicants were discriminated against – Ukrainian applications were capped at 15% of the intake, whereas Poles enjoyed a 50% quota at the time.[Brief history of L'viv University](_blank)
World War II
After the German invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
and the accompanying Soviet invasion in September 1939, the Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
administration permitted classes to continue. Initially, the school worked in the pre-war Polish system. On October 18, however, the Polish rector, Professor Roman Longchamps de Bérier, was dismissed and replaced by , a Ukrainian historian transferred from the Institute of Ukrainian History in Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe.
Kyi ...
, grandfather of Ukrainian journalist and dissident Valeriy Marchenko.
Marchenko was tasked with Ukrainization
Ukrainization (also spelled Ukrainisation), sometimes referred to as Ukrainianization (or Ukrainianisation) is a policy or practice of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements of ...
and Sovietization
Sovietization (russian: Советизация) is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life, mentality, and culture modelled after the Soviet Union. This often included ...
of the university.[ On January 8, 1940, the university was renamed ''Ivan Franko Lviv State University''.][ Ukrainian was introduced as the language of instruction. Polish professors and administrative assistants were increasingly fired][ and replaced by cadres specializing in ]Marxism
Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical ...
, Leninism, political economics
Political economy is the study of how economic systems (e.g. markets and national economies) and political systems (e.g. law, institutions, government) are linked. Widely studied phenomena within the discipline are systems such as labour mar ...
, as well as Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
and Soviet literature, history, and geography. This was accompanied by the closure of departments seen as related to religion, free-market economics, capitalism, or the West
West is a cardinal direction or compass point.
West or The West may also refer to:
Geography and locations
Global context
* The Western world
* Western culture and Western civilization in general
* The Western Bloc, countries allied with NATO ...
in general. All academics specializing in Polish geography, literature, and history were dismissed.[ Marchenko was released from his post in Spring 1940 and arrested in June 1941.][ From 1939 to 1941, the Soviets killed 17 and imprisoned 37 academics from the University of Jan Kazimierz.][
After Lviv was occupied by the Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Germans closed the University of Ivan Franko][ and killed over 20 Polish professors (as well as members of their households and guests, increasing the total number of victims to above forty).][ The victims included lecturers from the University of Lviv and other local academic institutions. Among the killed was the last rector of the University of Jan Kazimierz, Roman Longchamps de Berier, his three sons,][ and the former Polish prime minister and a ]polytechnic
Polytechnic is most commonly used to refer to schools, colleges, or universities that qualify as an institute of technology or vocational university also sometimes called universities of applied sciences.
Polytechnic may also refer to:
Educatio ...
professor, Kazimierz Bartel
Kazimierz Władysław Bartel (; en, Casimir Bartel; 3 March 1882 – 26 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician, freemason, scholar, diplomat and politician who served as 15th, 17th and 19th Prime Minister of Poland three times between 1926 ...
. The underground University of Jan Kazimierz was established in Autumn 1941.[
In the summer of 1944, the advancing ]Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
, assisted by the Polish Home Army
The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) est ...
forces (locally implementing Operation Tempest
file:Akcja_burza_1944.png, 210px, right
Operation Tempest ( pl, akcja „Burza”, sometimes referred to in English as "Operation Storm") was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II against occupying German forces by the Polish Home ...
), pushed the Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...
out of Lviv. and the university reopened. Due to post-war border changes, the Polish population of the city was expelled and most of Polish academics from the University of Jan Kazimierz relocated to Wrocław (former Breslau), where they took up positions in the newly established Polish institutions of higher learning. The buildings of the university had survived the war undestroyed, however, 80% of its pre-war student and academic body was gone. The traditions of Jan Kazimierz University have been duplicated at the University of Wrocław
, ''Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau'' (before 1945)
, free_label = Specialty programs
, free =
, colors = Blue
, website uni.wroc.pl
The University of Wrocław ( pl, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, U ...
, which replaced the pre-war University of Breslau after the German inhabitants of that city had been expelled following Stalin's establishing Germany's eastern border farther to the west.
Ukrainian SSR
In 1964, a monument dedicated to Ivan Franko was built in front of the university.
Independent Ukraine
The proclamation of the independence of Ukraine in 1991 brought about radical changes in every sphere of university life. Professor, Doctor Ivan Vakarchuk
Ivan Oleksandrovych Vakarchuk ( uk, Іван Олександрович Вакарчук; 6 March 1947 – 4 April 2020) was a Soviet-Ukrainian physicist, politician and social activist. From 1990 to 2007 and again between 2010 and 2013 he was ...
, a renowned scholar in the field of theoretical physics, had been rector of the university from 1990 to 2013. Meeting the requirements arising in recent years new faculties and departments have been set up: the Faculty of International Relations and the Faculty of Philosophy (1992), the Faculty of Pre-Entrance University Preparation (1997), the Chair of Translation Studies and Comparative Linguistics (1998). Since 1997 the following new units have come into existence within the teaching and research framework of the university: the Law College, The Humanities Centre, The Institute of Literature Studies, The Italian Language and Culture Resource Centre. The teaching staff of the university has increased amounting to 981, with scholarly degrees awarded to over two-thirds of the entire teaching staff. There are over one hundred laboratories and working units as well as the Computing Centre functioning here. The Zoological, Geological, Mineralogical Museums together with those of Numismatics, Sphragistics, and Archeology are stimulating the interests of students.
Faculties
*Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics
*Faculty of International Relations
*Faculty of Biology
*Faculty of Journalism
*Faculty of Chemistry
*Faculty of Law
*Faculty of Economics
*Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
*Faculty of Electronics
*Faculty of Philology
*Faculty of Foreign Languages
*Faculty of Philosophy
*Faculty of Geography
*Faculty of Physics
*Faculty of Geology
*Faculty of Preuniversity Training
*Faculty of History
*Department of Pedagogy
*Department of Law
Research divisions and facilities
*Scientific Research Department
*Zoological museum
*University Library
*Journal of Physical Studies
*The Institute of Archaeology
*Ukrainian journal of computational linguistics
*Media Ecology Institute
*Modern Ukraine
*Institute for Historical Research
*Regional Agency for Sustainable Development
*Botanical Garden
*NATO Winter Academy in Lviv
*Scientific technical & educational center of low temperature studies
University management
* Rector
Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to:
Style or title
*Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations
*Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
Volodymyr Melnyk, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors ...
, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; uk, Національна академія наук України, ''Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny'', abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine th ...
;
* First Vice-Rector Andriy Gukalyuk, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...
, Associate Professor;
* Vice-Rector for Research Roman Hladyshevsky, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Chemical Sciences
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, ...
, Professor;
* Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and social issues and development Volodymyr Kachmar, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor;
* Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and informatization Vitaliy Kukharsky, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
Sciences, Associate Professor;
* Vice-rector for administrative and economic work Vasyl Kurlyak, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor.
International cooperation
During 2016–2017, the university signed 15 cooperation agreements and two double degree agreements, two agreements were extended. In total, 147 agreements have been signed with higher education institutions from 38 countries.
The university is involved in signing the Magna Charta Universitatum
The Magna Charta Universitatum (Great Charter of Universities) is a short two-page document signed in Bologna, Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It i ...
. In 2000, the university became a co-founder of the European College of Polish and Ukrainian Universities ( Lublin, Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
). Agreements with Alecu Russo State University of Bălți
The Alecu Russo State University (Romanian: ''Universitatea de Stat „Alecu Russo” din Bălți (USARB)'') is a university located in Bălți, Moldova. It was named after the 19th century Romanian illuminist and ethnologist Alecu Russo.
His ...
(Bălți
Bălți (; russian: Бельцы, , uk, Бєльці, , yi, בעלץ ) is a city in Moldova. It is the second largest city in terms of population, area and economic importance, after Chișinău. The city is one of the five Moldovan municipalit ...
, Moldova
Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised state of Transnistr ...
) and the Krakow Pedagogical Academy (Poland) have been extended.
Students of the faculty of Geography, History and the faculty of International Relations undergo internships in Poland, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
, Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...
, the Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
, and Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
. Employees of the faculty of Mechanics, Mathematics, Philology, Chemistry, Faculty of International Relations and Applied Mathematics and Informatics worked in higher education institutions in Poland, Colombia, France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
, Switzerland, and Austria on a contract basis. Many graduates continue their studies in higher education institutions in the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
, Poland, Germany, Austria, Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands
* Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...
, and France. In 2016, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv held 5 international summer schools.
In 2016, active international cooperation was established with foreign partners. The university has conducted bilateral research with the University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich hist ...
(Austria), Kaunas University of Technology
Kaunas University of Technology (abbreviated as KTU, ) is a public research university located in Kaunas, Lithuania. Established in 1922, KTU has been one of the top centers of Lithuanian science education. According to Lithuanian National Univ ...
( Lithuania), the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation, and the Hiroshima Institute of Technology ( Japan), funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine ( uk, Міністерство освіти і науки України) is the main body in the system of central bodies of the executive power of Ukraine.
History
On 28 June 1917 Ivan Steshen ...
.
In recent years, researchers at the university have been conducting experiments funded by international organizations, including the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (german: Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie), also known as the Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute (german: Karl-Friedrich-Bonhoeffer-Institut), was a research institute of the Ma ...
(Germany), Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University and is located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1782, HMS is one of the oldest medical schools in the United States and is consi ...
(USA), Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (USA), and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, International Center for Diffraction Data (USA), Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation of New York City in the United States, simply known as Mellon Foundation, is a private foundation with five core areas of interest, and endowed with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pitts ...
(USA), Trust Educational Foundation for Tree Research (USA), ''Material. Phases. Data. System'' company (Switzerland).
An agreement has been signed with CrossRef, which allows the DOI to be assigned to university publications. The university, with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, has a national contact point of the EU Framework Program "Horizon 2020" in the thematic areas "Future and latest technologies" and "Inclusive, innovative and smart society".
Notable alumni
* Roman Aftanazy
Włodzimierz Roman Aftanaziw, known as Roman Aftanazy (2 April 1914 Morshyn, Morszyn (Lwow Oblast) - 7 June 2004 Wrocław, Poland) – was a Polish people, Polish historian, librarian and author of a monumental work of reference, ''Dzieje rezyde ...
(1914–2004), historian of culture, librarian, heritage rescuer
* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (12 December 1890 – 12 April 1963) was a Polish philosopher and logician, a prominent figure in the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic. He originated many novel ideas in semantics. Among these was categorial grammar, a highly ...
(1890–1963), philosopher, mathematician and logician, a pioneer of categorial grammar
Categorial grammar is a family of formalisms in natural language syntax that share the central assumption that syntactic constituents combine as functions and arguments. Categorial grammar posits a close relationship between the syntax and seman ...
* Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski
Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski (1865 – 1925) was a Polish classical scholar and archaeologist, professor of Jagiellonian University.
Bieńkowski studied classical philology and history at the University of Lwów and University of Berlin (under ...
(1865–1925), classical scholar and archaeologist, professor of the Jagiellonian University
* Julia Brystiger
Julia Brystiger (née Prajs, born 25 November 1902, in Stryj – died 9 November 1975, in Warsaw) was a Polish communist activist and member of the security apparatus in Stalinist Poland. She was also known as ''Julia Brystygier'', ''Bristiger' ...
(1902–1975), political militant, member of the security apparatus of the Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million ne ...
* Józef Białynia Chołodecki
Józef Dominik "Kresowiec" Bartłomiej Chołodecki (15 August 1852 – 30 January 1934) was a Polish historian.
Biography
Chołodecki was born in 1852 in in the Galicia (Central Europe), Galician region of the then Austro-Hungarian empire, clo ...
(1852–1934), historian of Lviv.
* Marianna Dushar
Marianna Dushar (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Маріанна Душар) is a Ukrainian anthropologist and food writer, who specialises in the culinary heritage of the Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galician region in eastern Europe.
Biography
...
, anthropologist and food writer.
* Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced ˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, ...
(1856–1916), poet and linguist, reformer of the Ukrainian language
Ukrainian ( uk, украї́нська мо́ва, translit=ukrainska mova, label=native name, ) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of about 40 million people and the official state lan ...
* Ludwik Fleck
Ludwik Fleck (11 July 1896 – 5 June 1961) was a Polish Jewish and Israeli physician and biologist who did important work in epidemic typhus in Lwów, Poland, with Rudolf WeiglT. Tansey (2014) ''Typhus and tyranny'', ''Nature'' 511(7509), 291 ...
(1896–1961), medical doctor and biologist who developed in the 1930s the concept of thought collectives
* Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) politician, professor and rector (1908–1909) of the university, lawyer and writer
* Georgiy R. Gongadze (1969–2000), Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
and Ukrainian journalist
* Mark Kac
Mark Kac ( ; Polish: ''Marek Kac''; August 3, 1914 – October 26, 1984) was a Polish American mathematician. His main interest was probability theory. His question, " Can one hear the shape of a drum?" set off research into spectral theory, the ...
(1914–1984), mathematician, pioneer of modern probability theory
Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set ...
* Yevhen Konovalets
Yevhen Mykhailovych Konovalets ( uk, Євген Михайлович Коновалець; June 14, 1891 – May 23, 1938), also anglicized as Eugene Konovalets, was a military commander of the Ukrainian National Republic army, veteran of the Uk ...
(1891–1938) leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists ( uk, Організація українських націоналістів, Orhanizatsiya ukrayins'kykh natsionalistiv, abbreviated OUN) was a Ukrainian ultranationalist political organization esta ...
between 1929 and 1938.
* Emil Korytko
Emil Antoni Korytko (7 September 1813 – 31 January 1839) was a Polish political activist in the period of the Great Emigration, who was exiled to Ljubljana, Carniola (now Slovenia) and became an important ethnographer, philologist and translat ...
(1813–1839), Polish philologist and ethnologist who worked in the Slovene Lands
The Slovene lands or Slovenian lands ( sl, Slovenske dežele or in short ) is the historical denomination for the territories in Central and Southern Europe where people primarily spoke Slovene. The Slovene lands were part of the Illyrian provin ...
* Stanisław Kot
Stanisław Kot (22 October 188526 December 1975) was a Polish historian and politician. A native of the Austrian partition of Poland, he was attracted to the cause of Polish independence early in life. As a professor of the Jagiellonian Univer ...
(1885–1975), scientist and politician, member of the Polish Government in Exile
* Tadeusz Kotarbiński
Tadeusz Marian Kotarbiński (; 31 March 1886 – 3 October 1981) was a Polish philosopher, logician and ethicist.
A pupil of Kazimierz Twardowski, he was one of the most representative figures of the Lwów–Warsaw School, and a member of the P ...
(1881–1981), philosopher, mathematician, logician
* Hersch Lauterpacht
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (16 August 1897 – 8 May 1960) was a British international lawyer, human rights activist, and judge at the International Court of Justice.
Biography
Hersh Lauterpacht was born on 16 August 1897 to a Jewish family in t ...
(1897–1960), lawyer and Developer of the legal concept of "Crimes Against Humanity" in the Nuremberg Trials and writer of "An International Bill of the Rights of Man"
* Pinhas Lavon
Pinhas Lavon ( he, פנחס לבון, 12 July 1904 – 24 January 1976) was an Israeli politician, minister and labor leader, best known for the Lavon Affair.
Early life
Lavon was born as Pinhas Lubianiker in the small city of Kopychyntsi in t ...
(1904–1976), Israeli politician
* Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), lawyer who introduced the term "genocide
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...
", an author of the United Nations' Convention on Genocide
* Antoni Łomnicki
Antoni Marian Łomnicki (17 January 1881 – 4 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician.
Antoni Łomnicki was educated at Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów in Poland and the University of Göttingen in Germany. In 1920 he became professor of the L ...
(1881–1941), mathematician
* Jan Łukasiewicz
Jan Łukasiewicz (; 21 December 1878 – 13 February 1956) was a Polish logician and philosopher who is best known for Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic His work centred on philosophical logic, mathematical logic and history of logic. ...
(1878–1956), mathematician
* Stanisław Maczek (1892–1994), commander of the First Polish Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division ( Polish ''1 Dywizja Pancerna'') was an armoured division of the Polish Armed Forces in the West during World War II. Created in February 1942 at Duns in Scotland, it was commanded by Major General Stanisła ...
, the last Commander of the First Polish Army Corps under Allied Command
* Kazimierz Michałowski
Kazimierz Józef Marian Michałowski (born December 14, 1901 in Tarnopol – January 1, 1981 in Warsaw) was a Polish archaeologist and Egyptologist, art historian, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, professor ordinarius of the Univer ...
(1901–1981), archeologist and Egyptologist
* Semyon Mogilevich
Semion Yudkovich Mogilevich ( uk, Семен Юдкович Могилевич, Semén Yúdkovych Mohylévych ; born June 30, 1946) is a Ukrainian-born Russian organized crime boss. He quickly built a highly structured criminal organization, in ...
(1946–), economist and mafia boss
* Bohdan Ihor Antonych
Bohdan Ihor Antonych ( uk, Богдан-Ігор Антонич; 5 October 1909, in Nowica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Nowica – 6 July 1937, in Lviv) was a 20th-century Ukrainian poet. In 1934 Antonych received third prize honours from the Ivan ...
(1909–1937), prominent Ukrainian writer
* Jan Parandowski (1895–1978), writer, essayist, and translator, expert on classical antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...
* Stepan Popel (1909–1987), Ukrainian chess player and linguist
* Maciej Rataj
Maciej Rataj (19 February 1884 – 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician and writer.
Biography
Born in the village of Chłopy, near Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine), on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical lingu ...
(1884–1940), Polish politician, acting president
An acting president is a person who temporarily fills the role of a country's president when the incumbent president is unavailable (such as by illness or a vacation) or when the post is vacant (such as for death, injury, resignation, dismissal ...
* Jaroslav Rudnyckyj
Jaroslav Bohdan Antonovych Rudnyckyj
( uk, Яросла́в-Богда́н Рудни́цький, ; November 18, 1910 – October 19, 1995) was a Ukrainian Canadian linguist and lexicographer with a specialty in etymology and onomastics, folkl ...
(1910–1995), Ukrainian Canadian linguist, lexicographer, folklorist
* Ivan L. Rudnytsky
Ivan Lysiak Rudnytsky ( ua, Іван Лисяк Рудницький, 27 October 1919 – 25 April 1984) was a historian of Ukrainian socio-political thought, political scientist and scholar publicist. He significantly influenced Ukrainian hi ...
(1919–1984), Canadian historian of Ukraine, political scientist
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...
, Public intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or ...
* Leon Reich Leon Reich (July 11, 1879 – December 1, 1929) was a Polish Zionist leader, lawyer and politician. Life
Reich was born on July 11, 1879 in Drohobych, Galicia, Austria-Hungary. His parents were wealthy merchants and Orthodox Jews. He attended a h ...
(1879–1929), lawyer and member of the Sejm of Poland
* Józef Schreier
Józef Schreier (; 18 February 1909, Drohobycz, Austria-Hungary – April 1943, Drohobycz, Occupied Poland) was a Polish mathematician of Jewish origin, known for his work in functional analysis, group theory and combinatorics. He was a member o ...
(1909–1943), mathematician
* Bruno Schulz
Bruno Schulz (12 July 1892 – 19 November 1942) was a Polish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher. He is regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century. In 1938, he was awarded the Polish Academ ...
(1892–1942), novelist and painter
* Markiyan Shashkevych
Markiyan Shashkevych (November 6, 1811 in Pidlyssia, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – June 7, 1843 in Novosilky, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) was a priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a poet, a translator, and the leader of th ...
(1811–1843), Ukrainian poet
* Zoia Skoropadenko
Zoia Skoropadenko is a Ukrainian contemporary mixed-media artist, based in Monaco, known for her paintings, sculptures and sketching, and for being wrongfully suspected as a spy... She counts Michelangelo, Magritte, Corot, Matisse and Petrov Vo ...
(1978–), Ukrainian artist
* Josyf Slipyj
Josyf Slipyi ( uk, Йосиф Сліпий, born as uk, Йосиф Коберницький-Дичковський, translit=Yosyf Kobernyts'kyy-Dychkovs'kyy; 17 February 1892 – 7 September 1984) was a Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek ...
(1892–1984), head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
, native_name_lang = uk
, caption_background =
, image = StGeorgeCathedral Lviv.JPG
, imagewidth =
, type = Particular church (sui iuris)
, alt =
, caption = St. George's ...
* Louis B. Sohn (1914–2006), international law scholar and advisor, helped create the International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordanc ...
, advisor to United States State Department, chaired professor at Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
and University of Georgia
, mottoeng = "To teach, to serve, and to inquire into the nature of things.""To serve" was later added to the motto without changing the seal; the Latin motto directly translates as "To teach and to inquire into the nature of things."
, establ ...
law schools in the United States
* Leonid Stein
Leonid Zakharovich Stein (; November 12, 1934 – July 4, 1973) was a Soviet chess Grandmaster from Ukraine. He won three USSR Chess Championships in the 1960s (1963, 1965, and 1966), and was among the world's top ten players during that era.
...
(1934–1973), grandmaster and Soviet Chess Champion
* Hugo Steinhaus
Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus ( ; ; January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the Jan Kazimierz Un ...
(1887–1982), mathematician, educator, and humanist
* Julian Stryjkowski (1905–1996), Polish-Jewish journalist and writer
* Irena Turkevycz-Martynec (1899–1983), Ukrainian Opera Soprano
* Stefania Turkewich (1898–1977), Ukrainian composer, pianist, and musicologist
* Yuri Velykanovych (1910–1938), journalist, volunteer of the International Brigades
* Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert
Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert (russian: Айзик Исаакович Вольперт) (5 June 1923 – January 2006) (the family name is also transliterated as Volpert or WolpertSee .) was a Soviet and Israeli mathematician and chemical engineer ...
(1923–2006), mathematician and chemical engineer
* Rudolf Weigl
Rudolf Stefan Jan Weigl (2 September 1883 – 11 August 1957) was a Polish biologist, physician and inventor, known for creating the first effective vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a ...
(1883–1957), biologist and inventor of the first effective vaccine for epidemic typhus
* Władysław Witwicki
Władysław Witwicki (30 April 1878, Lubaczów – 21 December 1948, Konstancin-Jeziorna, Konstancin) was a Poles, Polish psychologist, philosopher, Translation, translator (mainly of Plato's works into Polish language, Polish), historian (of phi ...
(1878–1948), psychologist, philosopher, translator and artist
Notable professors
* Henryk Arctowski
Henryk Arctowski (15 July 1871 – 21 February 1958; ), born Henryk Artzt, was a Polish scientist and explorer. Living in exile for a large part of his life, he was one of the first persons to winter in Antarctica and became an internationally ...
(1871–1958) - oceanographer, Antarctica explorer
* Szymon Askenazy (1866–1935) - historian, diplomat and politician, founder of the Lwów-Warsaw School of History
* Herman Auerbach
Herman Auerbach (October 26, 1901, Tarnopol – August 17, 1942) was a Polish mathematician and member of the Lwów School of Mathematics.
Auerbach was professor at Lwów University. During the Second World War because of his Jewish descent he ...
(1901–1942) - mathematician
* Stefan Banach
Stefan Banach ( ; 30 March 1892 – 31 August 1945) was a Polish mathematician who is generally considered one of the 20th century's most important and influential mathematicians. He was the founder of modern functional analysis, and an origina ...
(1892–1945) - mathematician, one of the moving spirits of the Lwów School of Mathematics
The Lwów school of mathematics ( pl, lwowska szkoła matematyczna) was a group of Polish mathematicians who worked in the interwar period in Lwów, Poland (since 1945 Lviv, Ukraine). The mathematicians often met at the famous Scottish Café to ...
, father of functional analysis
Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, the core of which is formed by the study of vector spaces endowed with some kind of limit-related structure (e.g. inner product, norm, topology, etc.) and the linear functions defined o ...
* Oswald Balzer
Oswald Marian Balzer (23 January 1858 in Chodorów – 11 January 1933 in Lwów) was a Polish historian of law and statehood, one of the most renowned Polish historians of his times.
In 1887 he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Be ...
(1858–1933) - historian of law and statehood
* St. Józef Bilczewski
Józef Bilczewski (26 April 1860 – 20 March 1923) was a Polish Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Lviv from 1900 until his death. He served as a theological and dogmatics professor in the Lviv college after himself havin ...
(1860–1923) - archbishop of the city of Lwów of the Latins
* Franciszek Bujak
Franciszek Bujak (16 August 1875, in Maszkienice near Brzesko – 21 March 1953, in Kraków) was a Polish academic and historian of economic, political and social history of Poland. He served as professor of the Jagiellonian University twice, in ...
(1921–1941) - historian
* Leon Chwistek
Leon Chwistek (Kraków, Austria-Hungary, 13 June 1884 – Barvikha near Moscow, Russia, 20 August 1944) was a Polish avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician.
Career and philosophy ...
(1884–1944) - Avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician
* Antoni Cieszyński
Antoni Cieszyński (31 May 1882 in Oels (Oleśnica), Silesia, Germany – 4 July 1941 in Lwów, Poland) was a Polish physician, dentist and surgeon.
Cieszyński was a professor and head of the Institute of Stomatology at Lviv University. He beca ...
(1882–1941) - physician, dentist and surgeon
* Matija Čop
Matija Čop (; 26 January 1797 – 6 July 1835), also known in German as Matthias Tschop, was a Slovene linguist, polyglot, literary historian and critic.
Biography
Čop was born in the small northern Carniolan town of Žirovnica, in what ...
(1797–1835) - Slovene philologist and literary theorist
* Jan Czekanowski
Jan Czekanowski (October 8, 1882, Głuchów – July 20, 1965, Szczecin) was a Polish anthropologist, statistician, ethnographer, traveller, and linguist. His scientific contributions include introducing his system of racial classification and fou ...
(1882–1965) - anthropologist, statistician and linguist
* Władysław Dobrzaniecki
Władysław Dobrzaniecki (24 September 1897 in Zielinka near Borszczów – 4 July 1941 in Lemberg, District of Galicia) was a Polish physician and surgeon.
Władysław was since 1936 head of the Saint Zofia Children Hospital in Lwów, and since ...
(1897–1941) - physician and surgeon
* Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) - politician, rector (1908–1909), lawyer and writer
* Yakiv Holovatsky
Yakiv is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
*Yakiv Barabash (died 1658), Zaporozhian Cossack Otaman (1657–58) who opposed Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky
*Yakiv Hodorozha (born 1993), Ukrainian former competitive figure skater
*Yakiv Holo ...
(1814–1888) - poet
* Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
(1866–1934) - historian, organizer of scholarship, leader of the pre-revolution Ukrainian national movement, head of Ukraine's parliament, first president of Ukraine
The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
, who wrote an academic book titled: "Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII" about the history of Bar, Ukraine
Bar ( uk, Бар; pl, Bar; russian: Бар) is a town located on the Riv River in the Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bar Raion (district), and is part of the historic region of Podolia. Th ...
.[Hrushevsky, M., Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII, St. Vladimir University Publishing House, Bol'shaya-Vasil'kovskaya, Building no. 29–31, Kiev, Ukraine, 1894; Lviv, Ukraine, , pp. 1 – 623, 1996.]
* Stefan Inglot
Stefan Inglot (b. June 10, 1902 in Albigowa near Łańcut, d. January 10, 1994 in Wrocław, Poland) was a Polish historian and a cooperative activist.
He graduated from the Lwów University. At the same university he gained PhD in 1926 and passed ...
(1902–1994) - historian.
* Zygmunt Janiszewski
Zygmunt Janiszewski (12 July 1888 – 3 January 1920) was a Polish mathematician.
Early life and education
He was born to mother Julia Szulc-Chojnicka and father, Czeslaw Janiszewski who was a graduate of the University of Warsaw and served as t ...
(1888–1920), mathematician,
* Antoni Kalina (1846–1905) - ethnographer and ethnologist.
* Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Błażej Franciszek Krasicki (3 February 173514 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia (in German, ''Ermland'') and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet"Ignacy Krasic ...
(1735–1801) - writer and poet, senator, Bishop of Warmia
This is a list of Bishops and Prince-Bishops of the Diocese of Warmia ( pl, link=no, Diecezja warmińska, la, link=no, Dioecesis Varmiensis, german: link=no, Bistum Ermland), which was elevated to the Archdiocese of Warmia in 1992.
The Bisho ...
and Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland
* Jerzy Kuryłowicz
Jerzy Kuryłowicz (; 26 August 1895 – 28 January 1978) was a Polish linguist who studied Indo-European languages.
Life
Born in Stanislawow, Austria-Hungary. He was a Polish historical linguist, structuralist and language theoretician, deeply i ...
(1895–1978) - linguist
* Karolina Lanckorońska
Countess Karolina Maria Adelajda Franciszka Ksawera Małgorzata Edina Lanckorońska (Polish pronunciation: a.rɔˈlʲi.na lant͡skɔˈrɔɲska11 August 1898 — 25 August 2002) was a Polish noble, World War II resistance fighter, philanthropist, ...
(1898–2002) - historian and art historian, Polish World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
resistance fighter
* Jan Łukasiewicz
Jan Łukasiewicz (; 21 December 1878 – 13 February 1956) was a Polish logician and philosopher who is best known for Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic His work centred on philosophical logic, mathematical logic and history of logic. ...
(1878-1956) - logician
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises ...
and philosopher
* Ignác Martinovics
Ignác Martinovics ( sh, Ignjat Martinović, Игњат Мартиновић; 20 July 1755 – 20 May 1795) was a Hungarian scholar, chemist, philosopher, writer, secret agent, Freemason and a leader of the Hungarian Jacobin movement. He was ...
(1755–1795) - physicist, Franciscan, Hungarian revolutionary
* Stanisław Mazur
Stanisław Mieczysław Mazur (1 January 1905, Lwów – 5 November 1981, Warsaw) was a Polish mathematician and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Mazur made important contributions to geometrical methods in linear and nonlinear functio ...
(1905–1981) - mathematician
* Jakub Karol Parnas
Jakub Karol Parnas, also known as Yakov Oskarovich Parnas (russian: Яков Оскарович Парнас) (January 16, 1884 – January 29, 1949) was a prominent Polish–Soviet biochemist who contributed to the discovery of the Embden ...
(1884–1949) - (Russian: Яков Оскарович Парнас or Yakov Oskarovich Parnas). A Jewish-Polish–Soviet biochemist author of notable studies on carbohydrates metabolism in mammals. Glycolysis, a major metabolic mechanism, is universally named Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway after him.
* Eugeniusz Romer
Eugeniusz Mikołaj Romer (3 February 1871 in Lviv ( pl, Lwów, german: Lemberg) – 28 January 1954) was a distinguished Poles, Polish geographer, cartography, cartographer and geopolitics, geopolitician, whose maps and atlases are still hig ...
(1871–1954) - cartographer
* Eugeniusz Rybka (1898–1988) - astronomer, deputy director of the International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union (IAU; french: link=yes, Union astronomique internationale, UAI) is a nongovernmental organisation with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreac ...
,
* Stanisław Ruziewicz
Stanisław Ruziewicz (29 August 1889 – 12 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician and one of the founders of the Lwów School of Mathematics.
He was a former student of Wacław Sierpiński, earning his doctorate in 1913 from the University of Lw ...
(1881–1941) - mathematician
* Wacław Sierpiński
Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (; 14 March 1882 – 21 October 1969) was a Polish mathematician. He was known for contributions to set theory (research on the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis), number theory, theory of functions, and t ...
(1882–1969) - mathematician, known for contributions to set theory
Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects. Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory, as a branch of mathematics, is mostly conce ...
, number theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mat ...
, theory of functions and topology
In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words , and ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing ...
* Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917) - scientist, pioneer of statistical physics, creator the basis of the theory of stochastic processes, mountaineer
* Hugo Steinhaus
Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus ( ; ; January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Polish mathematician and educator. Steinhaus obtained his PhD under David Hilbert at Göttingen University in 1911 and later became a professor at the Jan Kazimierz Un ...
(1887–1972), mathematician
* Szczepan Szczeniowski (1898-1979) - physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...
, author of numerous papers on cosmic rays,
* Kazimierz Twardowski
Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.
...
(1866–1938), philosopher and logician, head of the Lwów-Warsaw School of Logic
* Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński
Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan Żeleński (better known by his pen name, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński or simply as Boy; 21 December 1874 – 4 July 1941) was a Polish stage writer, poet, critic and, above all, the translator of over 100 French literary classics ...
(1874–1941) - gynecologist
Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined ...
, writer, poet, art critic, translator of French literary classics and journalist
* Rudolf Weigl
Rudolf Stefan Jan Weigl (2 September 1883 – 11 August 1957) was a Polish biologist, physician and inventor, known for creating the first effective vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a ...
(1883-1957) - biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...
, epidemiologist
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.
It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidenc ...
* Aleksander Zawadzki (1798-1868) - naturalist
* Viktor Pynzenyk
Viktor Mykhailovych Pynzenyk ( uk, Віктор Михайлович Пинзеник) (born 15 April 1954) is a Ukrainian politician, economist, and former Minister of Finance. He is the former leader of the Reforms and Order Party.
Pynzeny ...
(born 1954) - economist and politician
Other
* Włodzimierz Dzieduszycki
Count Włodzimierz Ksawery Tadeusz Dzieduszycki (; 22 June 1825 – 18 September 1899) was a Polish noble, landowner, naturalist, political activist, collector and patron of arts of Ruthenian heritage. Włodzimierz became the first Ordynat of t ...
(1825–1899), landowner, naturalist, political activist, collector and patron of arts
* Stanisław Lem
Stanisław Herman Lem (; 12 September 1921 – 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction and essays on various subjects, including philosophy, futurology, and literary criticism. Many of his science fiction stories are of satirical ...
(1921–2006), satirical, philosophical, and science fiction writer
* Ignacy Jan Paderewski
Ignacy Jan Paderewski (; – 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versaill ...
(1860–1941) virtuoso pianist, composer, diplomat and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland
The President of the Council of Ministers ( pl, Prezes Rady Ministrów, lit=Chairman of the Council of Ministers), colloquially referred to as the prime minister (), is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibi ...
* János Bolyai
János Bolyai (; 15 December 1802 – 27 January 1860) or Johann Bolyai, was a Hungarian mathematician, who developed absolute geometry—a geometry that includes both Euclidean geometry and hyperbolic geometry. The discovery of a consisten ...
(1802–1860) The founder of noneuclidean (absolute) geometry. The highest figure of Hungarian mathematics worked at the University of Lviv from 1831 to 1832.
See also
* List of early modern universities in Europe
The list of early modern universities in Europe comprises all universities that existed in the early modern age (1501–1800) in Europe. It also includes short-lived foundations and educational institutions whose university status is a matter o ...
* Massacre of Lwów professors
In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) along with the 25 of their family members were killed by Nazi German occupation forces. By targeting prominent citizens and intellectuals for elimination, the Nazis hop ...
* Ukrainian Free University
The Ukrainian Free University ( ua, Український Вільний Університет, german: Ukrainische Freie Universität, la, Universitas Libera Ukrainensis) is a private graduate university located in Munich, Germany.
History
...
Notes
References
Literature
* ''Academia Militans. Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie'', red. Adam Redzik, Kraków 2015, ss. 1302.
* Ludwik Finkel, Starzyński Stanisław, ''Historya Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego'', Lwów 1894.
* Franciszek Jaworski, ''Uniwersytet Lwowski. Wspomnienie jubileuszowe'', Lwów 1912.
* Adam Redzik, Wydział Prawa Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego w latach 1939–1946, Lublin 2006
* Adam Redzik, ''Prawo prywatne na Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie'', Warszawa 2009.
* Józef Wołczański, ''Wydział Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza 1918–1939'', Kraków 2000.
* ''Universitati Leopoliensi, Trecentesimum Quinquagesimum Anniversarium Suae Fundationis Celebranti. In Memoriam''. Praca zbiorowa. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 2011,
External links
History of the University of Lviv to 1945
*
LNU Online Judge System
{{Coord, 49, 50, 26, N, 24, 01, 20, E, region:UA_type:edu, display=title
1661 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Educational institutions established in the 1660s
Defunct universities and colleges in Poland
Universities and colleges in Lwow Voivodeship
Universities and colleges in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Former universities and colleges of Jesuits
National universities in Ukraine
Institutions with the title of National in Ukraine