This article uses
Logar transcription.
The Istrian dialect ( , ) is a
Slovene dialect spoken in
Slovene Istria
Slovene Istria ( sl, slovenska Istra, it, Istria slovena) is a region in southwest Slovenia. It comprises the northern part of the Istrian peninsula, and it is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the Slovene Littoral. Its la ...
, as well as some settlements in
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
and
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
.
The dialect borders the Inner Carniolan dialect to the north and northeast, the
Southern Chakavian
Southern Chakavian ( sh, južnočakavski dijalekt) or Ikavian Chakavian is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken in the area south of the Central Chakavian area, in a narrow strip of Dalmatian littoral and the neighbouring i ...
and
Buzet dialect
The Buzet dialect ( hr, buzetski dijalekt) is a dialect of the Chakavian regiolect or language within Croatia. It is spoken in northern Istria around Buzet.
The Buzet dialect is transitional between the Slovenian language and Kajkavian languag ...
s to the south, the
Southwest Istrian
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each se ...
dialect to the southeast, and the
Čičarija dialect
The Čičarija dialect (''čiško narečje'', ''čički dialekt''Rigler, Jakob. 1963. ''Južnonotranjski govori''. Ljubljana: SAZU, pp. 11–12.) is a Slovene dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken in a few villages in Slovenian Istr ...
to the east. The dialect belongs to the
Littoral dialect group
The Littoral dialect group (''primorska narečna skupina'') is a group of very heterogeneous dialects of Slovene. The Littoral dialects are spoken in most of the Slovenian Littoral (except for the mountainous areas around Tolmin and Cerkno, whe ...
, and it evolved from Lower Carniolan dialect base.
Geographical distribution
The dialect is spoken in
Slovene Istria
Slovene Istria ( sl, slovenska Istra, it, Istria slovena) is a region in southwest Slovenia. It comprises the northern part of the Istrian peninsula, and it is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the Slovene Littoral. Its la ...
in most of the rural areas of the municipalities of
Koper
Koper (; it, Capodistria, hr, Kopar) is the fifth largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, approximately five kilometres () south of the border with Italy and 20 kilometres () from Triest ...
( it, Capodistria),
Izola
Izola (; it, Isola ) is a town in southwestern Slovenia on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic coast of the Slovenian Istria, Istrian peninsula. It is the seat of the Municipality of Izola. Its name originates from Italian language, Italian ''Isola'', wh ...
(),
Ankaran
Ankaran (; it, Ancarano ) is a town in the Municipality of Ankaran, located near the border with Italy, in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is less than 5 km from the Italian town of Muggia near Trieste, about 2.5 km from the Italian ...
(), and
Piran
Piran (; it, Pirano ) is a town in southwestern Slovenia on the Gulf of Piran on the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the three major towns of Slovenian Istria. The town is known for its medieval architecture, with narrow streets and compact houses. P ...
(), as well as by the Slovenes living in the
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
municipalities of
Muggia
Muggia ( vec, label=Venetian language, Venetian, Triestine dialect, Muja; german: Mulgs; fur, Mugle; sl, Milje) is an Italian town and ''comune'' in the south-west of the Province of Trieste, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia on the border w ...
( sl, Milje) and
San Dorligo della Valle
San Dorligo della Valle ( sl, Dolina; Triestine: or ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about southeast of Trieste, on the border with Slovenia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6, ...
(), in the southern suburbs of
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
()—
Servola () and
Cattinara ()
[Toporišič, Jože. 1992. ''Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika''. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, pp. 63, 257, 321.]—and the Croatian villages of
Slum
A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inh ...
and
Brest
Brest may refer to:
Places
*Brest, Belarus
**Brest Region
**Brest Airport
**Brest Fortress
*Brest, Kyustendil Province, Bulgaria
*Břest, Czech Republic
*Brest, France
**Arrondissement of Brest
**Brest Bretagne Airport
** Château de Brest
*Brest, ...
.
Notable settlements include Koper, Izola, Ankaran,
Strunjan
Strunjan (; it, Strugnano) is a settlement in the Municipality of Piran in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
Geography
The Strunjan Nature Reserve, located along a 4 km stretch of Adriatic coast to the north of the settlement, is the longest ...
( it, Strugnano), Piran,
Portorož
Portorož (; it, Portorose) is a Slovenian Adriatic seaside resort and spa town located in the Municipality of Piran in southwestern Slovenia. Its modern development began in the late 19th century with the vogue for the first health resorts. In ...
(),
Dragonja
The Dragonja (; it, Dragogna) is a long river in the northern part of the Istrian peninsula. It is a meandering river with a very branched basin and a small quantity of water. It has a pluvial regime and often dries up in summer. It features v ...
(),
Vanganel,
Marezige,
Dekani
Dekani (; it, Villa Decani) is a settlement in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
Name
''Dekani'' was first attested in written sources in 1328 as ''Decani'' (and in 1423 as ''Villae Canis''). The name is derived ...
,
Spodnje Škofije
Spodnje Škofije (; locally also ''Prva Škofija'', it, Scoffie former Italian name: ''Albaro Vescovà'') is a settlement in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia. A major border crossing on the Highway 5 into Italy was ...
, and
Črni Kal
Črni Kal (; it, San Sergio) is a village in southwestern Slovenia in the City Municipality of Koper. It is best known today for the Črni Kal Viaduct, the longest and the highest viaduct in Slovenia.
Name
The name ''Črni Kal'' literally means ...
in Slovenia, and Muggia,
Stramare ( sl, Štramar), San Dorligo della Valle, and Trieste in Italy.
Accentul changes
The Istrian dialect has lost pitch accent on both long and short vowels, and the Šavrin Hills subdialect has lost differentiation between long and short vowels completely, whereas the Rižana subdialect is in the late stages of losing differentiation.
It has undergone the → , → , → , → , and (partially) / → / (e.g., ) shifts.
Phonology
The dialect's phonology is in many aspects very close to the Inner Carniolan dialect, but in some features it barely shows similarities with other dialects from the Lower Carniolan dialect base. The greatest change happened to and non-final , which in the Lower Carniolan dialect base diphthongized into , but then monophthongized into in some dialects. In the Istrian dialect, however, it diphthongized again, this time into . Stressed and turned into . Stressed turned into or . Short turned into in all positions and turned into . The vowels and turned into , and in the south also into , , or . In the Šavrin Hills subdialect, diphthongs have monophthongized for a second time; turned into , and turned into .
Newly accented turned into in the north and into / in the south, and newly accented remained in the north, but turned into / in the south. Newly accented turned into in the south. Short accented and , or if before the accented syllable, turned into . Final turned into , , or , final turned into , and final turned into .
Velar remained velar before central and back vowels. The
second Slavic palatalization The Slavic second palatalization is a Proto-Slavic sound change that manifested as a regressive palatalization of inherited Balto-Slavic velar consonants that occurred after the first and before the third Slavic palatalizations.
Motivation
The sec ...
is still present for dorsal consonants in the north: →//, → , → /. Syllabic turned into or . The consonant turned into in the north and palatal sounds remained, except that might have changed into or . Final turned into .
In the villages of
Kubed
Kubed (; it, Covedo) is a village in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
Churches
The former parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Florian and there is a small chapel dedicated to Archangel Michael ...
,
Gračišče,
Hrastovlje
Hrastovlje (; it, Cristoglie) is a village in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
Etymology
Hrastovlje was attested in written sources in the 14th century as ''Cristoglan'' (and as ''Cristoviae'' in 1581, and ''Chri ...
,
Dol pri Hrastovljah, and
Zazid
Zazid (; it, Sasseto) is a village in the City Municipality of Koper in the Slovenian Littoral, Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with Croatia.
The local church is dedicated to Martin of Tours, Saint Martin and belongs to the Parish of Pr ...
, the dialects lack the first monophthongization for , and so it is still pronounced as , and → .
Morphology
The preposition ''pri'' is used with the genitive instead of the locative.
Apart from that, the morphology is poorly researched, but it is probably close to the Inner Carniolan dialect.
Subdivision
The Istrian dialect is split into two subdialects: the northern, more archaic
Rižana subdialect
The Rižana subdialect (''rižanski govor'', ''rižansko podnarečje'') is a Slovene subdialect of the Istrian dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken in Italy in most of the municipalities of San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia () sout ...
and the southern
Šavrin Hills subdialect
The Šavrin Hills subdialect (''šavrinski govor'', ''šavrinščina'', ''šavrinsko podnarečje'') is a Slovene subdialect of the Istrian dialect in the Littoral dialect group. It is spoken in the Šavrin Hills ( sl, Šavrinsko gričevje) south o ...
, which is more influenced by Croatian. The main differences are monophthongization and the loss of length differentiation in the Šavrin Hills dialect.
References
Bibliography
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Istrian dialect
Slovene dialects